CN107224445A - 蜂胶有效部位及其复方制品和应用 - Google Patents

蜂胶有效部位及其复方制品和应用 Download PDF

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CN107224445A
CN107224445A CN201710315058.9A CN201710315058A CN107224445A CN 107224445 A CN107224445 A CN 107224445A CN 201710315058 A CN201710315058 A CN 201710315058A CN 107224445 A CN107224445 A CN 107224445A
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杨万锁
曹炜
程妮
高慧
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SHAANXI BEEMASTER BIOTECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD.
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Northwest University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种可增强机体免疫力的蜂胶有效部位及其复方制品，该蜂胶复方制品由蜂胶有效部位、蜂王浆冻干粉和维生素E组成，该制品中的活性成分组成和含量分别为：阿魏酸：46±2.8 mg/100g，槲皮素：866±61.3 mg/100g，坎菲醇：82±5.7 mg/100g，芹菜素：102±7.1 mg/100g，松属素：860±28.4 mg/100g，白杨素：1868±68.4 mg/100g、咖啡酸苯乙酯：390±16.5 mg/100g、高良姜素：934±61.8 mg/100g、维生素E：935±16.5 mg/100g和10‑羟基2‑癸烯酸：250±20.9 mg/100g。该蜂胶复方制品对小鼠的体重、脏/体比值以及细胞免疫功能、体液免疫功能均无影响，而对小鼠的单核—巨噬细胞功能、NK细胞活性有显著提高的效果，可增强机体的免疫力。

Description

蜂胶有效部位及其复方制品和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种增强机体免疫力的蜂胶有效部位及其复方制品，属于功能性食品技术领域。
背景技术
人体的免疫功能与生俱来，可防御外来物质的侵犯，保护机体的稳态，对维持人体健康具有重要意义。免疫系统是人体抵御疾病的天然屏障，若免疫系统遭到破坏，人体免疫力下降，就容易导致患病、病情恢复缓慢、反复感染等重大健康威胁。
蜂胶是蜂蜜从外界的胶源植物的嫩芽或树皮伤口上采集的树脂，并混入蜜蜂上领腺物和蜂蜡而成的一种棕红色、棕黄色、棕褐色或带有青绿色的粘性固体。蜂胶素有“紫色黄金”的美誉，具有多项生物活性，包括抗肿瘤、抗病原微生物、保护肝脏、增强机体免疫力、改善心血管系统等。现阶段，人们普遍处于压力大、生活节奏紧张的状态中，亚健康人群的数量逐年上升，长年累月的亚健康状态会使免疫功能降低，还极易引发一些慢性病如心血管和糖尿病等，而蜂胶能有效地增强人体的免疫能力，促进吞噬细胞的作用，刺激身体产生抗体，抵抗多种疾病。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种蜂胶有效部位及其复方制品。
本发明的另一目的是提供上述蜂胶有效部位的提取方法。
本发明还有一个目的是利用蜂胶有效部位、维生素E和蜂王浆制备可增强机体免疫力的蜂胶复方制品。
本发明实现过程如下：
一种蜂胶有效部位，其中蜂胶有效部位中活性成分组成与含量为：阿魏酸：151.8±6.8mg/100g，槲皮素：2858.9±125.3 mg/100g，坎菲醇：275.2±14.7 mg/100g，芹菜素：336.6±20.1 mg/100g，松属素：2838±85.4 mg/100g，白杨素：6168.5±159.4 mg/100g，咖啡酸苯乙酯：1287±48.5 mg/100g，高良姜素：3082±153.8mg/100g。
上述蜂胶有效部位的提取方法：将蜂胶原料加热到80℃，去除浮在上面的蜂蜡，然后将去除蜂蜡的蜂胶原料置于-20℃--30℃环境中冷冻8-10小时，用带制冷的粉碎机将其粉碎成20-30目，用8-10倍重量，体积比为85-95%的乙醇提取2-3次，提取温度为0-4℃，每次提取时间6-10小时，合并提取液，过滤；将滤液减压浓缩到无醇味，然后将蜂胶提取物置于真空干燥箱中干燥，得到蜂胶有效部位。
含有上述蜂胶有效部位的蜂胶复方制品，其活性组分为蜂胶有效部位、蜂王浆和维生素E，具体生产工艺包括以下步骤：将重量份为30~35份的蜂胶有效部位在-10 ~ -15℃条件下粉碎成20~30目颗粒，然后与3~6 份蜂王浆冻干粉、0.5~1.5 份维生素E油、28~33 份大豆色拉油、25~31 份的药用级聚乙二醇400、2~4 份单硬脂酸甘油酯混合，置于超微粉碎机中在-12 ~ -20℃条件下研磨、乳化和粉碎10-15分钟，得到颗粒直径在10-20微米的可以装填软胶囊的蜂胶复方制品。
通过HPLC测定，上述蜂胶复方制品中活性成分组成及含量为：阿魏酸：46±2.8mg/100g，槲皮素：866±61.3 mg/100g，坎菲醇：82±5.7 mg/100g，芹菜素：102±7.1 mg/100g，松属素：860±28.4 mg/100g，白杨素：1868±68.4 mg/100g，咖啡酸苯乙酯：390±16.5 mg/100g，高良姜素：934±61.8mg/100g，维生素E：935±16.5 mg/100g，10-羟基2-癸烯酸：250±20.9 mg/100g。
上述蜂胶有效部位或蜂胶复方制品可用于制备增强免疫力保健食品。
上述蜂王浆冻干粉是在低温真空条件下，将蜂王浆脱水粉碎得到的白色粉状物质。低温真空处理的蜂王浆冻干粉最大限度的保留了蜂王浆中蛋白质、维生素A、维生素Bl、维生素B2、叶酸、泛酸、酶类及乙酰胆碱等多种活性成分，可提高小鼠单核巨噬细胞系统和细胞免疫系统功能。
维生素E，又称生育酚，具有抗氧化、维持生育和调节免疫系统等诸多生物学功能。健康人群长期服用低剂量的维生素E非但不会对体重、血液常规生化指标、免疫指标、激素及慢性病有不良影响，甚至或可降低前列腺癌和乳腺癌的发病率。
本发明蜂胶复方制品经动物药效学实验证实，对动物具有显著的增强免疫力功能。
具体实施方式
一种蜂胶有效部位的提取方法：将蜂胶原料加热到80℃，去除浮在上面的蜂蜡，然后将去除蜂蜡的蜂胶原料置于-20℃--30℃环境中冷冻8-10小时，用带制冷的粉碎机将其粉碎成20-30目，用8-10倍重量，体积比为85-95%的乙醇提取2-3次，提取温度为0-4℃，每次提取时间6-10小时，合并提取液，过滤；将滤液减压浓缩到无醇味，然后将蜂胶提取物置于真空干燥箱中干燥，得到蜂胶有效部位。
通过HPLC测定，上述蜂胶有效部位中活性成分组成与含量为：阿魏酸：151.8±6.8mg/100g，槲皮素：2858.9±125.3 mg/100g，坎菲醇：275.2±14.7 mg/100g，芹菜素：336.6±20.1 mg/100g，松属素：2838±85.4 mg/100g，白杨素：6168.5±159.4 mg/100g，咖啡酸苯乙酯：1287±48.5 mg/100g，高良姜素：3082±153.8mg/100g。
一种蜂胶复方制品，其活性组分为蜂胶有效部位、蜂王浆和维生素E，具体生产工艺包括以下步骤：将重量份为30~35份的蜂胶有效部位在-10 ~ -15℃条件下粉碎成20~30目颗粒，然后与3~6 份蜂王浆冻干粉、0.5~1.5 份维生素E油、28~33 份大豆色拉油、25~31份的药用级聚乙二醇400、2~4 份单硬脂酸甘油酯混合，置于超微粉碎机中在-12 ~ -20℃条件下研磨、乳化和粉碎10-15分钟，得到颗粒直径在10-20微米的可以装填软胶囊的蜂胶复方制品。
通过HPLC测定，上述蜂胶复方制品中活性成分组成及含量为：阿魏酸：46±2.8mg/100g，槲皮素：866±61.3 mg/100g，坎菲醇：82±5.7 mg/100g，芹菜素：102±7.1 mg/100g，松属素：860±28.4 mg/100g，白杨素：1868±68.4 mg/100g，咖啡酸苯乙酯：390±16.5 mg/100g，高良姜素：934±61.8mg/100g，维生素E：935±16.5 mg/100g，10-羟基2-癸烯酸：250±20.9 mg/100g。
药效学研究
（1）试验材料和给药方法：
受试物为用1%的变性淀粉溶液分散的蜂胶复方制品，受试物设置353 mg/kg、706 mg/kg、1059 mg/kg三个剂量组（以下表述为低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组），以1%的羧甲基纤维素钠溶液为对照组。试验动物为雌性昆明种小鼠144只，体重18~21 g，每组36只，按0.2ml/10 g体重经口灌胃，每天一次，连续灌胃30天后测定免疫指标、小鼠体重变化。
免疫指标的测定：小鼠分为免疫一组、二组、三组及对照组，其中一组用于脏器/体重比值影响试验、迟发型态反应试验、抗体生成细胞检测、血清溶血素测定和巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞测定；二组用于NK细胞活性测定和淋巴细胞转化实验；三组用于小鼠碳廓清测定。试验均按照《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》（2003版）中的方法进行。
表1给出了该蜂胶复方制品对免疫小鼠体重增长的影响，各剂量组下的小鼠体重的增长与对照组均无显著性差异（P>0.05）。
表2为该蜂胶复方制品对小鼠脏器/体重比值的影响，由表2可知三个剂量组动物的脏/体比值与对照组相比较均无显著性差异（P>0.05）。
表3和表4分别为蜂胶复方制品对小鼠迟发型变态反应能力和ConA诱导的淋巴细胞转化实验的影响。结果表明，连续灌胃30天后，低、中、高剂量组动物的足跖肿胀度和淋巴细胞增殖能力与对照组相比均无显著性差异（P>0.05），对小鼠细胞免疫试验结果呈阴性。
表5和表6分别为蜂胶复方制品对抗体生成细胞和小鼠半数溶血值（HC50）的影响。同样，连续灌胃30天后，低、中、高剂量组动物的溶血空斑数和HC50与对照组相比无显著性差异（P>0.05），表明该蜂胶复方制品对小鼠体液免疫试验结果呈阴性。
表7和表8分别为蜂胶复方制品对小鼠单核—巨噬细胞碳廓清功能和小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞能力的影响。表7、表8数据结果表明，连续灌胃30天后，蜂胶复方制品对小鼠单核—巨噬细胞免疫试验结果为阳性，即蜂胶复方制品对小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞能力有提高作用。
表9给出了该蜂胶复方制品对小鼠NK细胞活性的影响，由表9可知，中、高剂量组动物的NK细胞活性显著增强，与对照组有显著性差异（P<0.05），蜂胶复方制品对NK细胞活性有促进作用。
结论：表1~6结果表明，连续灌胃30天后，蜂胶复方制品对小鼠的体重、脏/体比值以及细胞免疫功能、体液免疫结果均无影响。表7~9结果表明，蜂胶复方制品对小鼠的单核—巨噬细胞功能结果、NK细胞活性测定结果均为阳性。依据《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》能够判定：蜂胶复方制品对动物具有增强免疫力的功能。

Claims (8)

1.一种蜂胶有效部位，其特征在于蜂胶有效部位中活性成分组成与含量为：阿魏酸：151.8±6.8 mg/100g，槲皮素：2858.9±125.3 mg/100g，坎菲醇：275.2±14.7 mg/100g，芹菜素：336.6±20.1 mg/100g，松属素：2838±85.4 mg/100g，白杨素：6168.5±159.4 mg/100g，咖啡酸苯乙酯：1287±48.5 mg/100g，高良姜素：3082±153.8mg/100g。
2.权利要求1所述蜂胶有效部位的提取方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：将蜂胶原料加热到80℃，去除浮在上面的蜂蜡，然后将去除蜂蜡的蜂胶原料置于-20℃--30℃环境中冷冻8-10小时，用带制冷的粉碎机将其粉碎成20-30目，用8-10倍重量，体积比为85-95%的乙醇提取2-3次，提取温度为0-4℃，每次提取时间6-10小时，合并提取液，过滤；将滤液减压浓缩到无醇味，然后将蜂胶提取物置于真空干燥箱中干燥，得到蜂胶有效部位。
3.含有权利要求1所述蜂胶有效部位的蜂胶复方制品。
4.根据权利要求3所述的蜂胶复方制品，其特征在于蜂胶复方制品的活性组分为蜂胶有效部位、蜂王浆和维生素E。
5.权利要求4所述蜂胶复方制品的生产工艺，其特征在于包括以下步骤：将重量份为30~35份的蜂胶有效部位在-10 ~ -15℃条件下粉碎成20~30目颗粒，然后与3~6 份蜂王浆冻干粉、0.5~1.5 份维生素E油、28~33 份大豆色拉油、25~31 份的药用级聚乙二醇400、2~4份单硬脂酸甘油酯混合，置于超微粉碎机中在-12 ~ -20℃条件下研磨、乳化和粉碎10-15分钟，得到颗粒直径在10-20微米的可以装填软胶囊的蜂胶复方制品。
6.根据权利要求5所述蜂胶复方制品的生产工艺，其特征在于蜂胶复方制品中活性成分组成及含量为：阿魏酸：46±2.8 mg/100g，槲皮素：866±61.3 mg/100g，坎菲醇：82±5.7mg/100g，芹菜素：102±7.1 mg/100g，松属素：860±28.4 mg/100g，白杨素：1868±68.4mg/100g，咖啡酸苯乙酯：390±16.5 mg/100g，高良姜素：934±61.8mg/100g，维生素E：935±16.5 mg/100g，10-羟基2-癸烯酸：250±20.9 mg/100g。
7.权利要求1所述蜂胶有效部位在制备增强免疫力保健食品中的应用。
8.权利要求3或4所述的蜂胶复方制品在制备增强免疫力保健食品中的应用。
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