CN107223297A - 具有功率电子器件的电路布置 - Google Patents

具有功率电子器件的电路布置 Download PDF

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CN107223297A
CN107223297A CN201580073702.5A CN201580073702A CN107223297A CN 107223297 A CN107223297 A CN 107223297A CN 201580073702 A CN201580073702 A CN 201580073702A CN 107223297 A CN107223297 A CN 107223297A
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circuit arrangement
overvoltage
driver
overvoltage event
arrangement according
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CN107223297B (zh
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F·朔尔克
T·伯姆
D·多瑙尔
R·布罗克
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Denza Europe Ag
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Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/06—Details with automatic reconnection
    • H02H3/066—Reconnection being a consequence of eliminating the fault which caused disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H3/22—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage of short duration, e.g. lightning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/1213—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for DC-DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H9/041—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage using a short-circuiting device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Power Conversion In General (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有功率电子器件连同驱动器的电路布置，所述驱动器驱控在电源、DC‑DC变换器、逆变器、升压斩波器或降压斩波器或者类似的供电装置的横向支路中的至少一个功率半导体，用以使负载的电流供应或者电压供应安全。根据本发明，用于识别瞬态过电压的传感器与所述驱动器连接，其中，随着识别出过电压事件，所述驱动器这样引起在横向支路中的所述至少一个功率半导体接通，使得相应的过电压事件不对电路布置的功能造成不利的影响。

Description

具有功率电子器件的电路布置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的具有功率电子器件连同驱动器的电路布置，该驱动器驱控在电源、DC-DC变换器、逆变器、升压斩波器或者降压斩波器或者类似的供电装置的横向支路中的至少一个功率半导体，用以使负载的电流供应或者电压供应安全。
背景技术
已知功率半导体作为开关元件用于DC-DC变换器、逆变器、电源或者类似装置中。通常这类的电源具有针对过电压的集成的精密保护。作为精密保护器件特别是使用可变电阻。
EP 0 757 420 B1示出了一种具有接通电流限制和/或过电压保护的电子镇流器。为了避免来自电源的过电压而构造自复位的保护电路，该保护电路也识别并引开短时间的、脉冲型的出现在交流电网中的过电压。就此而言设置如下的可变电阻，该可变电阻在过电压情况下短时间地导通并且引开相应的冲击电流脉冲。此外，存在MOSFET，该MOSFET可通过二极管出于纵向解耦目的而关断。因此为了极为有效的保护始终需要在横向支路中的可变电阻的布置。
在根据EP 0 637 118 B1的电子镇流器的用于限制接通电流和过电压的电路布置中应当保证针对过电压的保护在器件上具有最小耗费。
就此而言，开关以n沟道场效应晶体管来实现。当施加在上述已知的电路布置的主连接端子上的电压大于齐纳二极管的截止电压时，设置在后面的晶体管被导通并且由此使场效应晶体管的栅极-源极-电压短路。由此开关保持打开。当在主连接端子上的电压下降到低于齐纳二极管的截止电压时，晶体管丧失其导通功能，场效应晶体管的栅极-源极-电压可以升高并且使提及的开关短路。根据EP 0 637 118 B1的标记为S1的开关由此实现两个任务。一方面限制在那里的升压斩波器的接通电流。当电压施加在主连接端子上时开关S1首先闭合。开关的打开相对慢地通过电阻R2实现。在过电压情况中——如已经描述的那样——打开晶体管，这导致开关的闭合，从而引起负载的纵向解耦。防止脉冲波形8/20μs或者10/350μs的过电压的保护是不可能的，因为保护元件以开关S1的形式仅仅处在纵向线路中。此外，在纵向线路中这样的布置的截止能力是有限的。
关于现有技术还可注意到DE 10 2004 025 420 B4，该文献公开了用于保护负载电路的电路元件和具有这样的电路元件的芯片。在保护事件中、例如过电压或者过电流的保护事件中接通在负载前的晶闸管/IGBT，从而大电流可以从负载旁流过并且不持久地影响负载。所述大通过电流可能烧坏设置在设计布局中的导线中的狭窄位置，从而产生过电流保护。问题是，在烧坏导线之后负载持续地与电源保持分离。所使用的IGBT最终仅仅用于触发保险元件。而无法保护以免脉冲波形8/20μs或者10/350μs的瞬态过电压。
发明内容
因此从上述提及的内容出发，本发明的任务是：给出一种改进的具有功率电子器件的电路布置，该电路布置省去了用于精密保护的附加机构例如熔断元件、可变电阻或者类似元件并且能实现保证针对瞬态过电压、尤其是脉冲波形8/20μs或者10/350μs的瞬态过电压的有效保护。
利用根据权利要求1的特征组合实现本发明的任务的解决方案，其中，从属权利要求是至少符合目的的设计方案和改进方案。
因此，从具有功率电子器件的电路布置出发，所述电路布置包括驱动器，其中，驱动器驱控在电源、DC-DC变换器、逆变器、升压斩波器或者降压斩波器或者类似的供电装置的横向支路中的至少一个功率半导体，用以使负载的电流供应或者电压供应安全。
根据本发明，用于识别瞬态过电压的传感器与驱动器连接，其中，随着识别出过电压事件，该驱动器这样引起在横向支路中的所述至少一个功率半导体接通，使得相应的过电压事件不对电路布置的原本的功能造成不利的影响。
因此，本发明的基本构思在于，出于过电压保护的目的而主动使用本来就存在于常规的电源的横向支路中的功率半导体，由此可以节约附加的器件。经使用或者经调整的驱动器必须能够与提及的传感器连接，用以可靠地识别出过电压事件并且能实现对在纳秒范围内的过电压产生响应。
当存在过电压事件时，根据本发明存在如下可行性方案：由过电压事件的脉冲能量导出驱动器和/或传感器的供应电压。因此即使在电力故障期间也保证了过电压保护。
此外确保，能实现区分瞬态过电压和暂时过电压。
功率半导体在过电压时利用升高的栅极电压接通。在接通过程之后通过逻辑电路确保，功率半导体不会立即再接通。就此而言能实现例如针对一分钟的时间间隔的时间上的截止。
因此根据本发明教导，一方面作为开关器件并且另一方面作为过电压保护元件地双重功能地使用所述功率半导体。由此本来就存在的功率半导体通过它的其他功能而能够承担所需的精密仪器保护的任务。
附图说明
接下来应借助实施例以及附图进一步说明本发明。在此，
图1示出了具有在那里处在横向支路中的功率半导体的双重用途的升压斩波器的原理图，以及
图2示出了同样具有处在横向支路中的功率半导体(NMOS)的降压斩波器的原理图。
具体实施方式
在图1和图2中示出的升压斩波器或者降压斩波器的例子中设有驱动器电路1，该驱动器电路相应地连接功率半导体LH，用以实现期望的功能。
在根据图1的示图中功率晶体管LH通过其基极开关。在根据图2的例子中，NMOS场效应晶体管在栅极上施加有相应的控制电压。
根据图1的升压斩波器给负载R1供电，其中，根据图2的降压斩波器驱动负载R2。器件L1、D1、C1、L2、C2以及设置在根据图2的纵向分支中的其它晶体管2是已知的用于升压斩波器或者降压斩波器的电路组成部分。
当识别到以瞬态过电压(Istoβ)的形式的冲击电流事件时——对此可以使用未示出的传感器——引起驱动器1接通功率半导体LH。因为功率半导体LH处在相应的布置的横向支路中，所以冲击电流可以被可靠地引开，而不会持久地损坏或者毁坏所涉及的电路布置的主要功能的部分。
利用前面提出的原理性的电路技术的可行性方案保证，实现避免脉冲波形8/20μs或者10/350μs的过电压。
在过电压事件后经过预给定的时间之后，驱动器又采取其最初按照规定的功能并且所涉及的电路布置保证所涉及的负载R1或者R2的供电。

Claims (7)

1.具有功率电子器件连同驱动器(1)的电路布置，所述驱动器驱控在电源、DC-DC变换器、逆变器、升压斩波器或降压斩波器或者类似的供电装置的横向支路中的至少一个功率半导体(LH)，用以使负载(R1；R2)的电流供应或者电压供应安全，其特征在于，用于识别瞬态过电压(Istoβ)的传感器与所述驱动器(1)连接，随着识别出过电压事件，所述驱动器(1)引起在横向支路中的所述至少一个功率半导体(LH)接通，使得相应的过电压事件不对电路布置的功能造成不利的影响。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电路布置，其特征在于，逻辑模块在前述过电压事件的情况下防止立即的再接通而短暂地截止功率半导体(LH)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电路布置，其特征在于，所述驱动器对在几个纳秒范围内的过电压事件时的反应时间进行调整或者设置。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电路布置，其特征在于，所述传感器与评价装置连接，用以区分瞬态过电压与暂时过电压。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电路布置，其特征在于，所述电路布置的作为精密仪器保护利用了所述至少一个功率半导体(LH)的双重功能，一方面常规的开关运行中的功能并且另一方面作为在过电压事件情况下的短路联接器。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电路布置，其特征在于，在过电压事件的情况下，所述至少一个功率半导体(LH)利用相对标准条件提高的栅极电压来驱控。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电路布置，其特征在于，在过电压事件的情况下，由过电压事件的相应的脉冲能量确保传感器和/驱动器(1)的供电。
CN201580073702.5A 2015-01-19 2015-12-22 具有功率电子器件的电路布置 Active CN107223297B (zh)

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DE202015000389.3 2015-01-19
DE202015000389 2015-01-19
DE202015002155.7 2015-03-19
DE202015002155.7U DE202015002155U1 (de) 2015-01-19 2015-03-19 Schaltungsanordnung mit Bauelementen der Leistungselektronik
PCT/EP2015/080964 WO2016116243A1 (de) 2015-01-19 2015-12-22 Schaltungsanordnung mit bauelementen der leistungselektronik

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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EP0078620A1 (en) * 1981-10-22 1983-05-11 Fanuc Ltd. Protective circuit for control unit power supply
EP0637118A1 (de) * 1993-07-27 1995-02-01 Knobel Ag Lichttechnische Komponenten Schaltungsanordnung zur Begrenzung des Einschaltstromes und der Ueberspannung eines elektronischen Vorschaltgerätes
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EP3248258A1 (de) 2017-11-29
WO2016116243A1 (de) 2016-07-28
DE202015002155U1 (de) 2015-04-09

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