CN107217258A - 钛合金涂层的制备方法、钛合金涂层及应用 - Google Patents

钛合金涂层的制备方法、钛合金涂层及应用 Download PDF

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CN107217258A
CN107217258A CN201710357669.XA CN201710357669A CN107217258A CN 107217258 A CN107217258 A CN 107217258A CN 201710357669 A CN201710357669 A CN 201710357669A CN 107217258 A CN107217258 A CN 107217258A
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titanium alloy
titanium
coating
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heat insulating
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汪瑞军
马小斌
詹华
袁涛
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Beijing Golden Wheel Special Machine C Ltd
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences
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Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种钛合金复合涂层的制备方法，包括：步骤1：于钛合金上通过电火花沉积非晶材料TiZrNiCuBe以形成防钛火阻燃涂层；以及步骤2：在所述防钛火阻燃涂层上通过等离子喷涂制备隔热涂层。采用电火花沉积工艺在钛合金表面沉积TiZrNiCuBe非晶合金涂层，不仅具有防钛火功能，还与基体形成微冶金结合，可以替代传统热障涂层的粘结层；在TiZrNiCuBe非晶合金涂层上用超音速等离子技术制备ZrO2.7‑8％Y2O3隔热涂层，可在钛合金表面制备出具备隔热功能和防钛火功能的高结合强度复合功能涂层。

Description

钛合金涂层的制备方法、钛合金涂层及应用
技术领域
本发明涉及金属材料表面改性领域，尤其涉及一种钛合金涂层的制备方法。
背景技术
钛合金由于比强度及比模量高、密度低、抗破坏能力强，在先进航空发动机的压气机机匣、叶片等航空部件上具有巨大的应用前景。但由于钛合金在高温环境下，遭受剧烈摩擦时会起火燃烧，并且会迅速蔓延，发生钛火事故，严重制约了钛合金在先进航空发动机中的应用。在钛合金部件表面制备防钛火阻燃涂层是防止钛火燃烧的措施之一。此外，先进航空发动机的钛合金部件承受的工作温度越来越高，需要在钛合金表面制备隔热涂层，以提高其抗高温氧化能力，延长部件的使用寿命。目前，采用等离子喷涂制备隔热涂层的技术相对成熟，但不具备钛火防止功能，无法满足新型号的需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种钛合金的制备方法、钛合金涂层及其应用，以解决现有技术钛合金涂层不具备钛火防止功能的技术缺陷。
为实现上述目的，本发明提出一种钛合金复合涂层的制备方法，包括：
步骤1：于钛合金上通过电火花沉积技术沉积非晶材料TiZrNiCuBe以形成防钛火阻燃涂层；以及
步骤2：在所述防钛火阻燃涂层上通过等离子喷涂制备隔热涂层。
较佳地，所述步骤2中采用超音速等离子喷涂。
较佳地，步骤1中的电火花沉积工艺为：电压60-110V、频率1-2kHz、放电电容在40～120μF、比沉积时间1-5min/cm2。
较佳地，步骤1中：所述防钛火阻燃涂层的厚度0.1-0.15mm。
较佳地，步骤1中：沉积过程中用氩气保护，氩气流量10-20L/min。
较佳地，步骤2中，喷涂工艺为：电流430-445A、电压130-150V、氩气流量1800-2200L/h、喷涂距离为50-100mm、送粉量为20-50g/min，所述隔热涂层的厚度为0.2-0.3mm。
较佳地，所述隔热涂层为ZrO2.7-8％Y2O3隔热涂层。
较佳地，步骤1及步骤2之间还包括：通过喷砂去除所述防钛火涂层表面氧化物。
而且，为实现上述目的，本发明还提出了上述钛合金复合涂层的制备方法所制备的钛合金涂层。
而且，为实现上述目的，本发明还提出了上述钛合金涂层在航空部件中的应用。
本发明结合电火花沉积技术和等离子喷涂技术制备复合功能涂层。电火花沉积的TiZrNiCuBe非晶合金涂层具有良好的防钛火性能，超音速等离子喷涂的钇稳氧化锆涂层具有优异的隔热性能，复合功能涂层兼具了防钛火阻燃和隔热性能。同时，电火花沉积的TiZrNiCuBe非晶合金涂层不仅具有防钛火阻燃功能，还与基体形成微冶金结合保障了复合功能涂层具有高达38MPa的结合强度，可以替代传统热障涂层的粘结层，而且，复合功能涂层的抗热震性能优异，经受75次热震循环，复合功能涂层剥落不到10％。此外，复合功能涂层对钛合金基体的高周疲劳寿命的影响低于10％。
附图说明
图1为复合功能涂层截面的金相图；
图2为制备的防钛火阻燃涂层线扫描图谱；
图3为防钛火阻燃涂层X射线衍射图谱。
其中，附图标记：
1、Ti
2、Zr
3、Al
4、Cu
5、Ni
具体实施方式
本发明提出了在钛合金表面采用电火花沉积技术沉积非晶材料为粘结层，采用超音速等离子喷涂制备隔热涂层的防钛火及隔热复合功能涂层的方法。该方法是用电火花沉积结合超音速等离子喷涂在钛合金表面制备隔热防钛火阻燃复合功能涂层的方法，兼具防钛火阻燃与隔热的性能。
本发明提出的钛合金复合涂层的制备方法包括：步骤1：于钛合金上通过电火花沉积技术沉积非晶材料TiZrNiCuBe以形成防钛火阻燃涂层；以及步骤2：在所述防钛火阻燃涂层上通过等离子喷涂制备隔热涂层。即，本发明的复合涂层的制备方法，采用电火花沉积设备在钛合金表面沉积TiZrNiCuBe非晶合金，然后用超音速等离子喷涂设备喷涂ZrO2.7-8％Y2O3涂层，形成兼具防钛火阻燃与隔热性能的复合功能涂层。其中，步骤1中，非晶材料TiZrNiCuBe沉积前经阻燃性能对比试验优化过更佳。
该方法具体如下：首先用酒精清洗钛合金表面，吹干后用电火花沉积设备沉积非晶材料TiZrNiCuBe防钛火阻燃涂层，厚度0.1-0.15mm，沉积过程中用氩气保护，氩气流量10-20L/min；电火花沉积工艺为：电压60-110V、频率1-2kHz、放电电容在40～120μF、比沉积时间1-5min/cm2。随后采用喷砂工艺，去除防钛火涂层表面的氧化物，再采用超音速等离子喷涂材料为ZrO2.7-8％Y2O3的隔热涂层，厚度0.2-0.3mm。喷涂工艺为：电流430-445A、电压130-150V、氩气流量1800-2200L/h、喷涂距离为50-100mm、送粉量为20-50g/min。
实施例：
本实施方式是电火花沉积技术与超音速等离子喷涂技术结合制备隔热防钛火复合功能涂层的方法，具体实施步骤如下：
一、用酒精在超声清洗池中清洗钛合金表面，清洗时间5-10min，清洗后吹干。
二、用电火花沉积设备将TiZrNiCuBe非晶合金沉积到钛合金表面，得到防钛火阻燃涂层。电火花沉积工艺为：电压60-110V、频率2kHz；放电电容从40μF逐渐增到120μF，然后从120μF逐渐减到40μF，以达到先增厚后抛光的目的；比沉积时间5min/cm2、厚度0.1-0.15mm，沉积过程中用氩气保护，氩气流量20L/min。
三、轻微喷砂，去除防钛火涂层表面氧化物，用超音速等离子喷涂设备喷涂钇稳氧化锆隔热涂层(ZrO2.7-8％Y2O3)，厚度0.2-0.3mm。喷涂工艺为：电流430-445A、电压130-150V、氩气流量1800-2200L/h、喷涂距离为50-100mm、送粉量为20-50g/min，厚度0.2-0.3mm。
图1为复合功能涂层截面的金相照片；可以看出，电火花沉积TiZrNiCuBe非晶合金层与基体和钇稳氧化锆喷涂层的界面清晰，形成了良好的结合。
图2为制备的阻燃涂层线扫描图谱；其中，曲线1、2、3、4、5依次代表Ti、Zr、Al、Cu、Ni。由图2可知，基体钛合金主要由TiAl组成，阻燃涂层主要由TiZrNiCuBe组成。涂层与基体之间无元素过渡区，涂层主要由Zr、Ti元素组成，基体主要由Ti、Al元素组成，Zr、Al元素在涂层与基体界面存在突变，说明采用微弧离子表面改性工艺在钛合金上制备阻燃涂层时，涂层与基体之间不存在过渡区。阻燃层和基体材料结合面处有很窄的成分熔渗扩散区，此处的主要元素发生了相互扩散。基体的Ti、Al、Mo元素由基体向阻燃层扩散；阻燃层的主要元素Ni、Cu、Zr等元素由阻燃层表面向基体扩散。
图3为阻燃涂层X射线衍射图谱；由图3可知，制备的阻燃涂层由TiZrNiCuBe非晶合金组成，图中衍射峰呈馒头形慢散射峰，表面涂层物相完全由非晶相组成。
将复合功能涂层连续进行75次热震试验，涂层表面剥落不到10％，而“HB7296-96，热喷涂热障涂层质量检验”标准规定，热障涂层热震试验连续6次涂层无剥落开裂等缺陷即为合格，复合功能涂层连续进行75次热震试验才出现轻微剥落，远远超过标准规定的合格次数。
本发明的有益效果是，结合电火花沉积技术和等离子喷涂技术制备复合功能涂层。电火花沉积的TiZrNiCuBe非晶合金涂层具有良好的防钛火阻燃性能，超音速等离子喷涂的钇稳氧化锆涂层具有优异的隔热性能，复合功能涂层兼具了防钛火阻燃和隔热性能。同时，电火花沉积的TiZrNiCuBe非晶合金涂层不仅具有防钛火阻燃功能，还与基体形成微冶金结合保障了复合功能涂层具有高达38MPa的结合强度，可以替代传统热障涂层的粘结层，而且，复合功能涂层的抗热震性能优异，经受75次热震循环，复合功能涂层剥落不到10％。此外，复合功能涂层对钛合金基体的高周疲劳寿命的影响低于10％。
当然，本发明还可有其它多种实施例，在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下，熟悉本领域的技术人员可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形，但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种钛合金复合涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：
步骤1：于钛合金上通过电火花沉积设备沉积非晶材料TiZrNiCuBe以形成防钛火阻燃涂层；以及
步骤2：在所述防钛火阻燃涂层上通过等离子喷涂制备隔热涂层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的钛合金复合涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2中采用超音速等离子喷涂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的钛合金复合涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1中的电火花沉积工艺为：电压60-110V、频率1-2kHz、放电电容在40～120μF、比沉积时间1-5min/cm2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的钛合金复合涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1中：所述防钛火阻燃涂层的厚度0.1-0.15mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的钛合金复合涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1中：沉积过程中用氩气保护，氩气流量10-20L/min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的钛合金复合涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤2中，喷涂工艺为：电流430-445A、电压130-150V、氩气流量1800-2200L/h、喷涂距离为50-100mm、送粉量为20-50g/min，所述隔热涂层的厚度为0.2-0.3mm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的钛合金复合涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，所述隔热涂层为ZrO2.7-8％Y2O3隔热涂层。
8.根据权利要求1所述的钛合金复合涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1及步骤2之间还包括：通过喷砂去除所述防钛火涂层表面氧化物。
9.权利要求1所述的钛合金复合涂层的制备方法所制备的钛合金涂层。
10.权利要求9的钛合金涂层在航空部件中的应用。
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