CN107211836A - A kind of water transfer method of staggering the time for adjusting wetland ecological water requirement and agricultural production water - Google Patents
A kind of water transfer method of staggering the time for adjusting wetland ecological water requirement and agricultural production water Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of water transfer method of staggering the time for adjusting wetland ecological water requirement and agricultural production water, comprise the following steps：(1) in the budding period of wetland plant, wetland Region water level is maintained at 0~1cm, unnecessary water resources of wetland is used for field irrigation；(2) before wetland plant enters growth animated period, wetland Region is disposably supplied water, water level is 10~12cm；(3) during the growth animated period of wetland plant is withered to seasonality, periodicity water supply is carried out to wetland Region, water level is 0~1cm.The method that the present invention is provided carries out determining water level and the strategy that periodically supplies water according to wetland plant different development stage, superfluous water is used for field irrigation, a large amount of exploitations of the agricultural irrigation to underground water are reduced, the problem of farmland-use water is in short supply is solved while wetlands ecosystems long-term stability development is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technical field of agricultural production, more particularly to a kind of regulation wetland ecological water requirement and agricultural life
The water transfer method of staggering the time of fisheries water.
Background technology
Wetland is that global unit area ecosystems services ability is most strong, but the especially fragile ecosystem.Wetland is accounted for
The 6% of Global land area is weighed there is provided water conservation and hydrology adjustment, rare aquatic bird and plant habitat maintenances, climate regulation etc.
The ecosystems services wanted.The Three River Plain is that important grain-production area of China, national eco-functional regionalization and wetland ecotourism are various
Property areal concentration, in ensureing water resource supply, mitigating flood, protect bio-diversity, maintain region ecology safety
Irreplaceable important function is played to safeguarding national food security and ecological safety, protection bio-diversity is particularly important.
Since 1950s, the wetland of Three River Plain large area is opened up wasteland into arable land, primary wetland and Cropland
And deposit, as wetland soil by one of effect of human activity hot spot region the most significant.Due to wetland continuing shrinkage and move back
Change, current agricultural water and ecological water are particularly thorny, and dry land makes rice terrace into, and it is normal that natural precipitation can not far meet paddy rice
Growth needs water requirement, promotes the large-scale exploiting groundwater in Rice Cropping family to be irrigated, the continuous decrease of level of ground water, storage
The reduction of amount, accordingly causes the storage capacity of wetland surface water resources also to reduce, and wetland can quickly be reduced and right using freshwater resources
The lasting reduction of recharge of ground water ability, makes this area be faced with grave danger of agricultural water resources guarantee.
The content of the invention
In view of this, present invention aims at provide a kind of tune of staggering the time for adjusting wetland ecological water requirement and agricultural production water
Water method.The method combination rice field that the present invention is provided is supplied water and wetland needs water to form a kind of water supply mechanism of compensation, by staggering the time
The contradiction of wetland ecological water requirement and agricultural production water is coordinated in water transfer, and rational utilization of water resources both can guarantee that the long-term steady of wetland
Fixed development, can solve the problem of farmland-use water is in short supply again.
In order to realize foregoing invention purpose, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
The invention provides a kind of water transfer method of staggering the time for adjusting wetland ecological water requirement and agricultural production water, including it is following
Step：
(1) in the budding period of wetland Region plant, wetland Region water level is maintained at 0~1cm, unnecessary water resources of wetland is used
In field irrigation；
(2) wetland Region is disposably supplied water to entering before growth animated period after the wetland plant budding period, supplied water
Water level is 10~12cm；
(3) during the growth animated period of wetland plant is withered to seasonality, periodicity water supply is carried out to wetland Region, supplied
Water water level is 0~1cm.
It is preferred that, the water level of wetland Region is 0cm in the step (1).
It is preferred that, the water level in the step (2) is 10cm.
It is preferred that, the water level of wetland Region is 0cm in the step (3).
It is preferred that, the water supply cycle periodically supplied water in the step (3) is 10~20 days.
It is preferred that, the water supply cycle periodically supplied water in the step (3) is 15 days.
It is preferred that, it is provided with irrigation canals and ditches and water pumping system between the wetland Region and the farmland.
The invention provides a kind of water transfer method of staggering the time for adjusting wetland ecological water requirement and agricultural production water, including it is following
Step：(1) in the budding period of wetland plant, wetland Region water level is maintained at 0~1cm, unnecessary water resources of wetland is used for farmland
Irrigate；(2) before wetland plant enters growth animated period, wetland Region is disposably supplied water, 10~12cm of water level；
(3) during the growth period of wetland plant is withered to seasonality, periodicity water supply is carried out to wetland Region, water level is 0~
1cm.The method that the present invention is provided carries out determining water level and the strategy that periodically supplies water according to wetland plant different development stage, by superfluous water
For field irrigation, a large amount of exploitations of the agricultural irrigation to underground water are reduced, groundwater resources are protected, and then protect wetland
Important Source Of Supply, effectively prevent wetland Wetland Area atrophy and Wetland Function caused by the recharge of ground water is deficient and degenerates,
The problem of farmland-use water is in short supply is solved while wetlands ecosystems long-term stability development is ensured.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is first stage hair sedge plant height measurement result in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 2 is second stage hair sedge plant height measurement result in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 3 is phase III hair sedge plant height measurement result in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 4 is phytomass testing result in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of water transfer method of staggering the time for adjusting wetland ecological water requirement and agricultural production water, including it is following
Step：
(1) in the budding period of wetland Region plant, wetland Region water level is maintained at 0~1cm, unnecessary water resources of wetland is used
In field irrigation；
(2) wetland Region is disposably supplied water to entering before growth animated period after the wetland plant budding period, supplied water
Water level is 10~12cm；
(3) in the growth animated period and Later growth of wetland plant, periodicity water supply, water level are carried out to wetland Region
For 0~1cm.
Wetland Region water level is maintained at 0~1cm, unnecessary wetland water money by the present invention in the budding period of wetland Region plant
Source is used for field irrigation.The present invention is investigated wetland Region around farmland preferably before water transfer, determines the thing of wetland Region
Information and hydrographic information are planted, specific such as sociales, constructive species and pass, which are built, plants and water level and moisture source information, specifies wet
The scope in ground region, it is determined that being available for the water of water transfer.
After investigating ecological zone, the present invention sets up irrigation canals and ditches and water lift system preferably between wetland Region and farmland
System, makes wetland and rice terrace realize UNICOM, and the setting valve at UNICOM's node.Foundation of the present invention to irrigation canals and ditches and water pumping system
Method does not have particular/special requirement, is set up using method well known to those skilled in the art, and water resource can be realized in Humid Area
Mutually shifted between domain and farmland, and the water resource of flowing can be carried out effectively to prevent and control.
Wetland Region water level is maintained at 0~1cm, more preferably 0cm by the budding period of the invention in wetland Region plant.This
Wetland water level is maintained at 0~1cm by invention in the budding period of wetland plant, and wetland water level described herein is 0~1cm, is referred to
During budding period, by manually maintaining to make wetland water level maintain 0~1cm, it is impossible to nature occur and fall dry situation；The present invention is right
The artificial maintenance method of wetland water level does not have particular/special requirement, and the method using maintenance water level well known to those skilled in the art is
Can.Wetland water level of the invention by controlling rudiment initial stage, makes a small amount of water shortage of wetland plant, and reach in a small amount of water shortage situation
The growth of lower promotion plant and the purpose of breeding.In a particular embodiment of the present invention, the budding period of the wetland plant is specific
Refer to 22~June of May 21, can also be determined according to the specific growing state of wetland plant.
In the present invention, the farmland is preferably rice terrace, and the present invention is in the wetland plant budding period by wetland Region water level
0~1cm is maintained at, superfluous water is drained into rice terrace, the water in rice terrace is reached paddy rice soaked field quota；The paddy rice soaked field
Quota can combine agricultural production experience and rice terrace scale is determined, reach after the quota of paddy rice soaked field, unnecessary water resources of wetland can
To return to wetland or carry out other agricultural productions.
The present invention, to entering before growth animated period, is disposably supplied water after the wetland plant budding period to wetland Region,
Water level is 10~12cm.In the present invention, supply water disposable to wetland Region progress is specifically referred to disposably to wet
Ground 10~12cm of regional water supply, then fall naturally it is dry, it is middle without moisturizing is carried out again, manually maintained without to water level；This
Invention does not have particular/special requirement to the timing node disposably supplied water, can select after the budding period to growth animated period before it is any when
Between point.In the present invention, extremely grown after the finger budding period and specifically refer to 9 days or so 22~July of June before animated period, at this
In the specific embodiment of invention, it can be determined according to the upgrowth situation of wetland plant.
In the present invention, the water level disposably supplied water is 10~12cm, preferably 10cm.In the present invention, it is unnecessary
Water resources of wetland is used for field irrigation, is preferred for rice terrace plantation, paddy rice water in field is reached after the quota of paddy rice soaked field, if also having
Unnecessary water resource, available for other agricultural productions.
The present invention carries out periodicity water supply to wetland Region, supplied during the growth period of wetland plant is withered to seasonality
Water water level is 0~1cm.In the present invention, the growth period to seasonality withered period specifically refers to July 9 to wetland plant
A period of time between seasonality is withered, in a particular embodiment of the present invention, it can be entered according to the upgrowth situation of wetland plant
Row is determined.
In the present invention, the periodicity water level control is preferably 0cm.In the present invention, the periodicity supplies water
Specifically refer to：Wetland Region is supplied water to water level be 0~1cm, after water supply, fall naturally it is dry, reach water supply cycle after supply water again
To 0~1cm, watering cycle is formed.In the present invention, unnecessary water resources of wetland is used for field irrigation, is preferred for rice terrace kind
Plant, paddy rice water in field is reached after the quota of paddy rice soaked field, if also unnecessary water resource, available for other agricultural productions.
In the present invention, the cycle that the periodicity supplies water is preferably 10~20 days, more preferably 15 days.The present invention passes through
Periodically supply water, wetland plant is in alternation of wetting and drying state, preferably promote wetland plant in growth period and Later growth
Growth.
The water transfer of staggering the time of the regulation wetland ecological water requirement and agricultural production water that are provided with reference to embodiment the present invention
Method is described in detail, but they can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
In the lab with the growth conditions of Simulated Wetland plant, tested：
(1) collection of experimental plant object
Test plant object is hair sedge, the marsh that the hair sedge of selection is surrounded on Three River Plain Hong He farms by farmland
Gathered in wetland, keep reset condition to plant in basin, it is ensured that primary sample the being consistent property substantially in each basin.
(2) control simulation of supplying water is carried out to plant sample
The hair sedge sample that collection is returned is planted in the geographical institute in Chinese Academy of Sciences northeast greenhouse and carries out simulated test.Two
Region all belongs to the continental monsoon climate in temperate zone, makes a clear distinction between the four seasons, and rain heat same season, spring temperature is relatively low, and drying is windy, and summer warm is more
Rain, autumn moistening is nice and cool, and day and night temperature is big, and winter is very long, dries cold.It can thus be seen that the weather on simulated test ground and
Sampling site weather is more or less the same.In order to preferably control influence of the natural precipitation to moisture in experiment, plant is carried out in greenhouse,
The door and window in greenhouse is opened after on-test, it is ensured that room ventilation is good, and reduces interior and outdoor temperature difference as far as possible.
(3) greenhouse water supply strategy setting
In the whole growth cycle of hair sedge, according to irrigation of paddy fields rule, point four-stage supplies water, and first stage is hair
The sedge budding period (22~June 21 May), keep continuing water level in 0cm, totally 24 repetitions.Second stage is June 21
~July 9, it is divided into water supply and once falls do naturally and fall with the nature that do not supply water dry, water supply water level once is in 10cm, the water not supplied water
Position is in 0cm, and both fall dry, every group of 12 repetitions naturally on the basis of respective water level.Phase III is 9 days~September 27 days in July,
Be divided into above-mentioned each processing 15 days and 30 day cycle supplied water, each cycle supply water once after fall naturally dry, two kinds of cycles are every
Secondary water supply makes water level be respectively 10cm, 0cm and -20cm, falls dry, every group of 2 repetitions naturally on the basis of this water level.Last
Stage is September 27~October 28, keeps water level in 10cm.
(4) test method
Difference supplies water strategy processing marked as W1~W12 (being shown in Table 1), is divided into four groups by later stage water level, that is, organizes 1 (W1
~W3), group 2 (W4~W6), group 3 (W7~W9) and organize 4 (W10~W12).
Meanwhile, control group is set, three basins are randomly selected in the sample, whole Growing season keep respectively water level 10cm,
0cm, -20cm, labeled as CK1, CK2, CK3, observe whole Growing season situation.
The water supply strategy setting of table 1
Per basin randomly choose three plants of hair sedges be marked, plant growth different times (5~October) to mark
Hair sedge plant height is observed.At the end of Growing season, all hair sedges are gathered in, and calculate total biology of aerial part
Amount.
(5) result and analysis
A. different influences of the strategy to hair sedge plant height of supplying water
In May 25, June 3 and measured the hair sedge plant height of each experimental group, acquired results such as Fig. 1 on June 15 respectively
It is shown；
As seen from Figure 1, plant height is in extremely notable positive correlation between early growth period, different water levels.May 25, everywhere
Do not have significant difference (P=0.375, P between reason>0.05) it is similar in initial state, to illustrate hair sedge, is not had
The plant of larger difference influences the result of late growing stage.June 3, plant height maximum is the processing of 0cm water levels, next to that 10cm water
The processing of position, is not significantly different (P=0.308, P between the two>0.05).June 15, between the processing of 0cm water levels not
There were significant differences, goes plant height maximum, and all there is between CK1, CK3 significant difference (PCK1=0.004, PCK3=0.000, P
<0.05).This shows, in early growth period, and arid (water level -20cm) and waterflooding (water level 10cm) can all hinder the growth of plant, and
A small amount of water shortage (water level 0cm) can then promote plant growth.
Plant height to second stage hair sedge is measured, and acquired results are as shown in Fig. 2 the letter marked in Fig. 2 is different
Represent the significant difference (P between data<0.05), the not notable (P of the different differences represented between data of the letter of mark>0.05), greatly
Lowercase alphabet registration has the limit to go out difference (P between<0.01).
As seen from Figure 2, after supplying water in the early stage, the hair sedge plant height of water supply is bigger, supply water with do not supply water two at
There were significant differences between reason (P=0.008, P<0.05).CK1 is increased rapidly in this stage plant height, is almost maintained an equal level with CK2.And
CK3 is most short, and has pole significant difference with other processing.Growth of this explanation in the water supply of this stage to hair sedge has promotion to make
With 0cm water levels are not clear aobvious in the performance of this stage to the advantage of its facilitation during plant growth initial stage.The experimental result table
It is bright, in second stage water supply 10cm disposable to wetland plant, most beneficial for the growth of plant.
Respectively in July 14, the plant height of July 23 and August measurement hair sedge on the 7th, measurement result is as shown in figure 3 and table 2；
Fig. 3 and table 2 are as can be seen that July 14, all there were significant differences for CK3 and all processing, and does not have between other processing
Significant difference.July 23, there were significant differences (P=0.019, P between W1~W12 processing<0.05), W1, W2 and W5 are relatively high by one
A bit, the processing of group 4 is relatively shorter, and this two groups of processing have significant difference, and difference is not notable between other processing.CK1
There were significant differences between W10, W11 and W12 (PW10=0.008, PW11=0.023, PW12=0.013, P<0.05), CK2
There were significant differences between W1 (P=0.050, P<0.05), all there were significant differences for CK3 and all processing.August 7 days, W1~W12
Difference between processing becomes readily apparent from, in pole significant difference situation (P=0.001, P<0.05).Group 1 and the processing of group 2 are higher than
Group 3 and group 4 are handled.W1 highests, W12 is most short, in addition to group 1, in other every group of processing, and the water level that the later stage supplies water is 0cm processing
Hair sedge be higher than with group other processing.There were significant differences (PW7=between each processing in CK1 and group 3 and group 4
0.003, PW8=0.059, PW9=0.002, PW10=0.000, PW11=0.000, PW12=0.000, P<0.05), CK2 with
There were significant differences (PW10=0.007, PW11=0.043, PW12=0.007, P between each processing in group 4<0.05), CK3 with
All there were significant differences for all processing.
Above statistical result shows, in the phase III, the water supply cycle of selection 15 days and 0cm water level, it is ensured that hair
Sedge grows fine.
The stage of table 2 the 3rd hair sedge difference in plant height data
Fourth stage September 27~October 28, CK3 is completely withered and yellow；W9 and W10~W12 have most of opened
Begin withered and yellow, green plant is less；Other processing have different degrees of wilting and withered and yellow phenomenon, but difference is not obvious.
B. different influences of the strategy to hair sedge biomass of supplying water
At the end of Growing season, all hair sedges are gathered in, and calculate the total biomass of aerial part, acquired results are such as
Shown in Fig. 4, the different significant difference (P represented between data of letter marked in Fig. 4<0.05), the letter of mark is different represents number
According to difference not significantly (P>0.05), capitalization represents have the limit to go out difference (P between data<0.01).
According to Fig. 4 as can be seen that the biomass of hair sedge is similar with the trend of growth latter stage plant plant height.W1~W3 life
Object amount highest, and with the reduction of water supply, biomass is also being reduced, W10~W12 biomass is minimum.The biomass of hair sedge
Processing more than CK1 has W1, W2, W3 and W5.Others processing all has significant difference with CK1, CK2, and less than CK2.
(6) conclusion
In hair sedge early growth period, lasting arid and waterflooding can all hinder the growth of plant, and a small amount of water shortage (water level
0cm) be then conducive to plant growth.Supply water 10cm before plant enters growth animated period, can promote increase and the biology of plant height
The accumulation of amount, is conducive to plant growth.Hair sedge Later growth, although be all to fluctuate water level, but the length and water of water supply cycle
The height of position can influence the growth of plant.The water supply cycle of 15 days and 0cm water level can preferably promote the growth of plant, together
When can also alleviate the suppression that early growth is subject to.
In the whole growth cycle of hair sedge, during rudiment, a small amount of water shortage；Supply water 10cm before into growth animated period；Growth
Phase and Later growth (before seasonality is withered) ensure 0cm water level and the water supply cycle of 15 days, and this water supply strategy is better than other
Strategy, it is ensured that hair sedge grows fine.
As seen from the above embodiment, the method that provides of the present invention according to wetland plant different development stage determine water level with
Periodically supply water strategy, it is ensured that wetland plant growth steady in a long-term in the case of a small amount of water shortage, so that unnecessary is wet
Ground water can be used for field irrigation, reduces a large amount of exploitations of the agricultural irrigation to underground water, protects groundwater resources, and then protect
The important Source Of Supply of wetland, effectively prevents wetland Wetland Area atrophy and Wetland Function caused by the recharge of ground water is deficient from moving back
Change, the problem of farmland-use water is in short supply is can solve the problem that while wetlands ecosystems long-term stability development is ensured.
As seen from the above embodiment, it is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention that the present invention is described above, it is noted that for
For those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make it is some improvement and
Retouching, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of water transfer method of staggering the time for adjusting wetland ecological water requirement and agricultural production water, comprises the following steps：
(1) in the budding period of wetland plant, wetland Region water level is maintained at 0~1cm, unnecessary water resources of wetland is used for farmland irrigating
Irrigate；
(2) wetland Region is disposably supplied water to entering before growth animated period after the wetland plant budding period, water level
For 10~12cm；
(3) during the growth animated period of wetland plant is withered to seasonality, periodicity water supply, water supply water are carried out to wetland Region
Position is 0~1cm.
2. water transfer method according to claim 1 of staggering the time, it is characterised in that the water level of wetland Region in the step (1)
For 0cm.
3. water transfer method according to claim 1 of staggering the time, it is characterised in that step (2) water level is 10cm.
4. water transfer method according to claim 1 of staggering the time, it is characterised in that water level is 0cm in the step (3).
5. water transfer method according to claim 1 of staggering the time, it is characterised in that the confession periodically supplied water in the step (3)
The water cycle is 10~20 days.
6. water transfer method according to claim 5 of staggering the time, it is characterised in that the confession periodically supplied water in the step (3)
The water cycle is 15 days.
7. the water transfer method of staggering the time according to claim 1~6 any one, it is characterised in that the wetland Region and institute
State and be provided with irrigation canals and ditches and water pumping system between farmland.
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| CN112314095A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-05 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for recovering degraded reed wetland by using farmland drainage in spring |
| CN112766669A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-05-07 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Drainage basin pollution limit value emission verification method based on water quality model |
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| CN101615285A (en) * | 2009-08-04 | 2009-12-30 | 北京师范大学 | A kind of computing method of ecological environment water demand threshold value |
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| CN107211836B (en) | 2020-05-12 |
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