CN107192633A - Under a kind of SERF states in on-line measurement atom magnetometer air chamber alkali metal density method - Google Patents
Under a kind of SERF states in on-line measurement atom magnetometer air chamber alkali metal density method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the method for alkali metal density in on-line measurement atom magnetometer air chamber under a kind of SERF states (no spin-exchange relaxation state).Apply weak background magnetic field and the horizontal linear FM signal of low-frequency range on atom magnetometer, the response signal of magnetometer in the frequency sweep time is gathered using data collecting card.The magnetic resonance curve in frequency domain is obtained by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and analyzes the resonance line width and resonant frequency for obtaining the curve.Change background magnetic field, obtain multigroup resonance line width and resonant frequency, conic fitting processing is carried out to it and can obtain the spin-exchange time, so as to calculate alkali metal atom density in air chamber at this temperature.This method can be implemented in the case where maintaining SERF states, and realize alkali metal atom density on-line measurement in air chamber in itself merely with SERF magnetometers.In addition, linear FM signal can obtain preferable frequency resolution in low-frequency range (within 1kHz), it is adaptable to the low-frequency range swept frequency range of SERF magnetometers low-intensity magnetic field requirement.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to atom magnetometer critical performance parameters measurement and analysis field, and in particular under a kind of SERF states
The method of alkali metal density in line measurement atom magnetometer air chamber.
Background technology
SERF (no spin-exchange relaxation) atom magnetometer is that one kind is operated under SERF states, utilizes the Zeeman of atomic spin
Effect realizes the instrument of magnetic-field measurement.Alkali metal air chamber is the core sensing element of SERF atom magnetometers, alkali metal therein
Atomic density directly constrains the intrinsic sensitivity of magnetometer.Therefore, in the case where maintaining SERF states, merely with atom magnetometer sheet
Body, realizes that the accurate measurement of alkali metal atom density has great importance in closed air chamber.
At present, Laser absorption spectroscopy and faraday's light rotation method are to detect two kinds of alkali metal atom density in air chamber
Main method.Test result indicates that, the experimental measurements of Laser absorption spectroscopy are differed with the calculated results under 453K reaches
10 times.The precision of this method is limited to broadening and the distortion of Lorentz line shape.Faraday's light rotation method is to utilize linearly polarized light
Faraday effect measurement alkali metal atom density.As a result show, this method has approximate with Laser absorption spectroscopy
Measurement accuracy.However, this method needs to apply a high-intensity magnetic field (~1.2T), may be by the magnetic shielding barrel of atom magnetometer
Magnetization, influences Magnetic Shielding Effectiveness.In addition, both approaches are required for utilizing other devices, and can not be in atom magnetometer SERF
Worked under state.Therefore, the demand of SERF atom magnetometer on-line measurement alkali metal atom density can not be met.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is：Overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided on-line measurement under a kind of SERF states
The method and device of alkali metal density in atom magnetometer air chamber, realizes that SERF states need optical pumping, polarized atom spin；It is high-alkali
Metal atom density, increases atomic spin collision rate；Weak magnetic environment.Under conditions of SERF states are maintained, merely with atom magnetic strength
Meter is in itself, accurate to measure alkali metal atom density in closed air chamber.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is：Alkali metal density in on-line measurement atom magnetometer air chamber under a kind of SERF states
Method, apply weak background magnetic field and horizontal linear FM signal on atom magnetometer.Frequency sweep is gathered using data collecting card
The response signal of magnetometer in time, the magnetic resonance curve in frequency domain is obtained by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and analysis is somebody's turn to do
The resonance line width and resonant frequency of curve.Change background magnetic field, obtain multigroup resonance line width and resonant frequency, it is fitted
Processing can obtain the spin-exchange time, so as to calculate alkali metal atom density in air chamber at this temperature.
Wherein, weak background magnetic field and the x wire within 50nT are applied on atom magnetometer by active magnetic bucking coil
Property FM signal.
Wherein, the bandwidth covering resonant frequency of horizontal linear FM signal, and be the corresponding magnetic resonance width of added background magnetic field
More than 5 times of frequency curve line width.
Wherein, multigroup resonance line width and resonant frequency are fitted according to conic section, and secondary term coefficient is proportional to spin
Swap time, and then calculate alkali metal atom density.
Wherein, the present invention only can be achieved in itself with atom magnetometer.Wherein, atom magnetometer center section includes alkali gold
Belong to air chamber and its outer layer without magnetoelectricity heater, small vacuum chamber, magnetic compensation coil and magnetic shielding barrel, no magnetoelectricity heater is used
In giving the heating of alkali metal air chamber, small vacuum chamber is used to weaken thermal convection current and heat transfer, and magnetic shielding barrel is used for isolation environment magnetic field
Interference, magnetic compensation coil is connected to function signal generator, for producing magnetic field in tri- vertical direction of xyz；Atom magnetometer
Pumping light path is in z directions, including optically pumped laser, beam expander, the polarizer and quarter-wave plate, and effect is to produce circularly polarized light
Polarize alkali metal atom；Atom magnetometer detects light path in x directions, including detection laser, the polarizer, 1/2nd wave plates,
Polarization splitting prism, speculum and balanced detector, effect are the linear polarizations for detecting atomic spin precession generation under background magnetic field
The light swing angle of detection light plane of polarization.The output signal of balanced detector is gathered by data collecting card.Pumping light and detection light are just
Meet at the center of alkali metal air chamber.
The present invention includes test and data analysis two parts, comprises the following steps that：
Step 1, according to alkali metal species, alkali metal air chamber by without magnetoelectricity heating devices heat to 140 DEG C to 200 DEG C it
Between, optically pumped laser is opened, beam expander makes pumping light be enough to cover alkali metal air chamber, linearly polarized light is obtained through the polarizer, line is inclined
The circular polarization pumping light that the light that shakes is propagated in the z-direction through quarter-wave plate, wavelength is adjusted to the D1 lines of alkali metal atom；For
Ensure atomic spin hypopolarization rate, regulation pumping light optical power density is no more than 0.2mW/cm2；Open detection laser, through rising
Inclined device obtains the linear polarization detection light propagated in the x-direction, and by the D2 lines of wavelength tuning to alkali metal atom, then off resonance is until magnetic strength
The peak-to-peak value for counting response signal is maximum, adjusts 1/2nd wave plates so that in non-pumping the transmitted light of polarization splitting prism and
Reflected light optical power density is equal, i.e., balanced detector output signal is zero；
Step 2, by remanent magnetism in magnetic compensation Coil Compensation magnetic shielding barrel, then repeat the steps of：Apply in z directions and carry on the back
50nT is not to be exceeded in scape magnetic field, background magnetic field, applies linear FM signal of the frequency sweep time no less than 100s, its frequency in y directions
Rate scope should include the corresponding resonant frequency of z directions background magnetic field, and simultaneous data-collecting card gathers magnetometer in the period
Response signal；
Step 3, the signal collected to capture card carry out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and gained frequency-region signal is fitted into SERF
The amplitude-frequency theoretical curve of magnetometer response obtains multigroup resonant frequency and line width, and fitting formula is：
Wherein a and b is for convenience of the coefficient used in fitting.
Step 4, by the multigroup resonance line width and resonant frequency that are measured under different weak background magnetic fields according to conic section carry out
Fitting obtains spin-exchange time TSE, its fitting formula is：
Wherein c and d is for convenience of the coefficient used in fitting.And then alkali metal atom density is calculated according to below equation：
Wherein, n represents alkali metal atom density, and other parameters are constant or known quantity：σSEIt is that spin exohange collision is cut
Area, KBIt is Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature represented with Kelvin's unit, and M is the average quality of alkali metal atom.
The principle of technical solution of the present invention is：
Apply a turbulence field in the y directions of atom magnetometerWherein, B ' is turbulence field width
Value, ω is concussion frequency.This magnetic field can be decomposed into the rotating excitation field of two backpropagations：
If there is a background magnetic field B in the z directions of magnetometer0, its corresponding resonant frequency is ω0。
Wherein,It is z directions unit vector, γeIt is electronic rotating magnetism ratio, q (P) is nucleon slowing factor, is and alkali metal kind
The relevant constant of class.The response signal of SERF magnetometers is two centre frequencies respectively in ± ω0Lorentz curve sum：
Wherein,It is stable state atomic spin polarizability when being not added with any concussion excitation, Δ ω is magnetic resonance line
It is wide.
Because the magnetic resonance frequency of SERF magnetometers is very low ,-ω0The influence of curve has to consider in fitting.
Based on this, the amplitude-frequency theoretical curve fitting formula of SERF magnetometers response is：
Wherein a and b is for convenience of the coefficient used in fitting.Under hypopolarization rate and weak background magnetic field, magnetic resonance line width and magnetic
Resonance centre frequencies omega0Quadratic power it is linear：
It is so as to obtain fitting formula：
Wherein c and d is for convenience of the coefficient used in fitting, TSEIt it is the spin-exchange time, its inverse is proportional to alkali metal atom
Density：
Wherein, n represents alkali metal atom density, and other parameters are constant or known quantity：σSEIt is that spin exohange collision is cut
Area, KBIt is Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature represented with Kelvin's unit, and M is the average quality of alkali metal atom.
Therefore, the multigroup resonance line width and resonant frequency that are measured under different weak background magnetic fields are intended according to conic section
Close, be available from revolving swap time by secondary term coefficient, and then calculate alkali metal atom density.
The advantage of the present invention compared with prior art is：
(1) present invention realizes alkali metal atom density on-line measurement in air chamber in itself merely with SERF magnetometers.
(2) present invention is measured in the case where maintaining SERF states.
(3) carried out by the multigroup resonance line width and resonant frequency that will be measured under different weak background magnetic fields according to conic section
Fitting, can not only obtain spin swap time, can also obtain the limit line width under zero magnetic field, and this is to assess SERF magnetometers
The important parameter of theoretical sensitivity.
(4) linear FM signal can obtain preferable frequency resolution in low-frequency range (within 1kHz), it is adaptable to SERF magnetic
The low-frequency range swept frequency range of strong meter low-intensity magnetic field requirement.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention system schematic；
Fig. 2 is potassium atom magnetometer in 170 DEG C, the resonant frequency that added background magnetic field is measured when being changed to 46nT from 2nT
With resonance line width and its quadratic fit curve.
Reference lists as follows：1- optically pumped lasers, 2- beam expanders, the 3- polarizers, 4- quarter-wave plates, 5- magnetic is mended
Repay coil, 6- alkali metal air chambers, 7- is without magnetoelectricity heater, the small vacuum chambers of 8-, 9- magnetic shielding barrels, 10- detection lasers, 11-
The polarizer, the wave plates of 12- 1/2nd, 13- polarization splitting prisms, 14- balanced detectors, 15- data collecting cards, 16- speculums,
17- function signal generators.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below by accompanying drawing and embodiment.
As shown in figure 1, the present invention can be achieved in itself merely with atom magnetometer.Wherein, atom magnetometer includes alkali gold
Belong to air chamber 6 and its outer layer without magnetoelectricity heater 7, small vacuum chamber 8, magnetic compensation coil 5 and magnetic shielding barrel 9, no magnetoelectricity heating
Device 7 is used to heat to alkali metal air chamber 6, and small vacuum chamber 8 is used to weaken thermal convection current and heat transfer, and magnetic shielding barrel 9 is used to isolate
The interference of environmental magnetic field, magnetic compensation coil 5 is connected to function signal generator 17, for producing magnetic in tri- vertical direction of xyz
；Atom magnetometer pumping light path in z directions, including optically pumped laser 1, beam expander 2, the polarizer 3 and quarter-wave plate 4,
Effect is to produce circularly polarized light polarization alkali metal atom；Atom magnetometer detects light path in x directions, including detection laser 10,
The polarizer 11,1/2nd wave plates 12, polarization splitting prism 13, speculum 16 and balanced detector 14, effect are detection backgrounds
The light swing angle for the linear polarization detection light plane of polarization that atomic spin precession is produced under magnetic field.The output signal of balanced detector 14 passes through
Data collecting card 15 is gathered.Pumping light is orthogonal to the center of alkali metal air chamber 6 with detection light.
The present invention includes test and data analysis two parts, comprises the following steps that：
Step 1, according to alkali metal species, alkali metal air chamber 6 without magnetoelectricity heater 7 by being heated to 140 DEG C to 200 DEG C
Between, optically pumped laser 1 is opened, beam expander 2 makes pumping light be enough to cover alkali metal air chamber 6, linear polarization is obtained through the polarizer 3
Light, the circular polarization pumping light that linearly polarized light is propagated in the z-direction through quarter-wave plate 4, alkali metal atom is adjusted to by wavelength
D1 lines；To ensure that atomic spin hypopolarization rate regulation pumping light optical power density is no more than 0.2mW/cm2；Open detection laser
Device 10, the linear polarization detection light propagated in the x-direction is obtained through the polarizer 11, by the D2 lines of wavelength tuning to alkali metal atom, then
Off resonance is maximum until the peak-to-peak value of magnetometer response signal, adjusts 1/2nd wave plates 12 so that the polarization spectro in non-pumping
The transmitted light and reflected light optical power density of prism 13 are equal, i.e. the output signal of balanced detector 14 is zero；
Step 2, by magnetic compensation coil 5 compensate magnetic shielding barrel 9 in remanent magnetism, then repeat the steps of：Apply in z directions
50nT is not to be exceeded in background magnetic field, background magnetic field, applies linear FM signal of the frequency sweep time no less than 100s in y directions, its
Frequency range should include the corresponding resonant frequency of z directions background magnetic field, and simultaneous data-collecting card (15) was gathered in the period
Magnetometer response signal；
Step 3, the signal collected to data collecting card 15 carry out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and gained frequency-region signal is fitted
The amplitude-frequency theoretical curve responded to SERF magnetometers obtains multigroup resonant frequency and line width, and fitting formula is：
Wherein a and b is for convenience of the coefficient used in fitting.
Step 4, by the multigroup resonance line width and resonant frequency that are measured under different weak background magnetic fields according to conic section carry out
Fitting obtains spin-exchange time TSE, its fitting formula is：
Wherein c and d is for convenience of the coefficient used in fitting.And then alkali metal atom density is calculated according to below equation：
Wherein, n represents alkali metal atom density, and other parameters are constant or known quantity：σSEIt is that spin exohange collision is cut
Area, KBIt is Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature represented with Kelvin's unit, and M is the average quality of alkali metal atom.
As shown in Fig. 2 for potassium atom magnetometer at 170 DEG C, what added background magnetic field was measured when being changed to 46nT from 2nT is total to
Vibration frequency and resonance line width and its quadratic fit curve.By fitting result, the spin-exchange time is about 2.1 × 10- 5S, corresponding potassium atom density is 3.7 × 1013cm-3。
The content not being described in detail in description of the invention belongs to the known technology of those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. under a kind of SERF states in on-line measurement atom magnetometer air chamber alkali metal density method, it is characterised in that：In atom
Apply weak background magnetic field and horizontal linear FM signal on magnetometer, magnetometer in the frequency sweep time is gathered using data collecting card
Response signal, and analyze the resonance line width and resonant frequency for obtaining magnetic resonance curve in frequency domain；Change background magnetic field, obtain multigroup
Resonance line width and resonant frequency, are fitted processing to multigroup resonance line width and resonant frequency and obtain the spin-exchange time, so that
Draw magnetometer air chamber alkali metal atom density in air chamber at the working temperature.
2. under SERF states according to claim 1 in on-line measurement atom magnetometer air chamber alkali metal atom density side
Method, it is characterised in that：Apply on atom magnetometer weak background magnetic field and the transverse direction within 50nT by active magnetic bucking coil
Linear FM signal.
3. under SERF states according to claim 1 in on-line measurement atom magnetometer air chamber alkali metal atom density side
Method, it is characterised in that：The bandwidth covering resonant frequency of horizontal linear FM signal, and be the corresponding magnetic resonance of added weak background magnetic field
More than 5 times of amplitude frequency curve line width.
4. under SERF states according to claim 1 in on-line measurement atom magnetometer air chamber alkali metal atom density side
Method, it is characterised in that：The response signal of magnetometer in the frequency sweep time is gathered using data collecting card, passes through Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
The time-domain signal that data collecting card is collected is converted into the magnetic resonance curve in frequency domain, and then responded by SERF magnetometers
Amplitude-frequency theoretical curve draws multigroup resonant frequency and line width.
5. under SERF states according to claim 1 in on-line measurement atom magnetometer air chamber alkali metal atom density side
Method, it is characterised in that：Multigroup resonance line width and resonant frequency are fitted according to conic section, secondary term coefficient is proportional to certainly
Swap time is revolved, and then obtains alkali metal atom density.
6. under SERF states according to claim 1 in on-line measurement atom magnetometer air chamber alkali metal atom density side
Method, it is characterised in that：It is within 1kHz in low-frequency range using linear FM signal, the SERF of magnetometer is maintained when measuring density
State.
7. under SERF states according to claim 1 in on-line measurement atom magnetometer air chamber alkali metal atom density side
Method, it is characterised in that：Alkali metal atom density in on-line measurement air chamber is realized, i.e., only realizes measurement in itself with atom magnetometer,
Wherein, the atom magnetometer include alkali metal air chamber (6) and its outer layer without magnetoelectricity heater (7), small vacuum chamber (8),
Magnetic compensation coil (5) and magnetic shielding barrel (9)；It is used to give alkali metal air chamber (6) heating, small vacuum chamber without magnetoelectricity heater (7)
(8) it is used to weaken thermal convection current and heat transfer, magnetic shielding barrel (9) is used for the interference in isolation environment magnetic field, magnetic compensation coil (5) connection
To function signal generator (17), for producing magnetic field in tri- vertical direction of xyz；Atom magnetometer pumping light path in z directions,
Pumping light path includes optically pumped laser (1), beam expander (2), the polarizer (3) and quarter-wave plate (4), and effect is to produce circle partially
Shake Light polarizing alkali metal atom；Atom magnetometer detects light path in x directions, and detection light path includes detection laser (10), is polarized
Device (11), 1/2nd wave plates (12), polarization splitting prism (13), speculum (16) and balanced detector (14), effect are inspections
Survey the light swing angle of the linear polarization detection light plane of polarization that atomic spin precession is produced under background magnetic field；The output of balanced detector (14)
Signal is gathered by data collecting card, and pumping light path is orthogonal to the center of alkali metal air chamber (6) with detection light path.
8. under SERF states according to claim 7 in on-line measurement atom magnetometer air chamber alkali metal atom density side
Method, it is characterised in that：Utilize comprising the following steps that atom magnetometer is measured：
Step 1, according to alkali metal species, alkali metal air chamber by without magnetoelectricity heating devices heat between 140 DEG C to 200 DEG C,
Optically pumped laser is opened, beam expander makes pumping light be enough to cover alkali metal air chamber, linearly polarized light, linearly polarized light are obtained through the polarizer
The circular polarization pumping light propagated in the z-direction through quarter-wave plate, wavelength is adjusted to the D1 lines of alkali metal atom；To ensure
Atomic spin hypopolarization rate, regulation pumping light optical power density is no more than 0.2mW/cm2；Open detection laser, through the polarizer
The linear polarization detection light propagated in the x-direction is obtained, by the D2 lines of wavelength tuning to alkali metal atom, then off resonance is until magnetometer sound
The peak-to-peak value of induction signal is maximum, adjusts 1/2nd wave plates so that the transmitted light of polarization splitting prism and reflection in non-pumping
Light optical power density is equal, i.e., balanced detector output signal is zero；
Step 2, by remanent magnetism in magnetic compensation Coil Compensation magnetic shielding barrel, then repeat the steps of：Apply background magnetic in z directions
, 50nT is not to be exceeded in background magnetic field, applies linear FM signal of the frequency sweep time no less than 100s, its frequency model in y directions
The corresponding resonant frequency of z directions background magnetic field should be included by enclosing, and simultaneous data-collecting card gathers magnetometer in the period and responded
Signal；
Step 3, the signal collected to capture card carry out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and gained frequency-region signal is fitted into SERF magnetic strength
The amplitude-frequency theoretical curve of meter response obtains multigroup resonant frequency and line width, and fitting formula is：
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Wherein a and b is for convenience of the coefficient used in fitting；
Step 4, the multigroup resonance line width and resonant frequency that are measured under different weak background magnetic fields be fitted according to conic section
Obtain spin-exchange time TSE, its fitting formula is：
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Wherein, n represents alkali metal atom density, and other parameters are constant or known quantity：σSEIt is spin exohange collision sectional area,
KBIt is Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature represented with Kelvin's unit, and M is the average quality of alkali metal atom.
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| CN108445428A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-08-24 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of SERF atom magnetometers electronic polarizability measurement method |
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