CN115389988B - Device and method for measuring amplitude of alternating current magnetic field of atomic magnetometer - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring amplitude of alternating current magnetic field of atomic magnetometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN115389988B CN115389988B CN202211341660.7A CN202211341660A CN115389988B CN 115389988 B CN115389988 B CN 115389988B CN 202211341660 A CN202211341660 A CN 202211341660A CN 115389988 B CN115389988 B CN 115389988B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/032—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/007—Environmental aspects, e.g. temperature variations, radiation, stray fields
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring alternating current magnetic field amplitude of an atomic magnetometer, wherein the method utilizes the principle that a first-order resonance component solved by alkali metal atom spin polarizability is influenced by an external alternating current magnetic field, measures the output signal amplitude of the magnetometer by changing the frequency of the alternating current magnetic field generated by a three-axis coil, and measures the residual alternating current magnetic field in a shielding barrel. The device comprises a pumping light path, a detection light path, a magnetic shielding barrel, a three-axis coil, an alkali metal atom air chamber, a coil current source, a signal acquisition and processing unit and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of magnetic field measurement, in particular to an atomic magnetometer alternating current magnetic field amplitude measuring device and method.
Background
Measurement technology of weak magnetic field in geomagnetic navigation, biomedical, aerospace and foundationThe method has wide application in various fields such as physical research and the like. Common weak magnetic sensors include optical pump magnetometers, fluxgate magnetometers and superconducting quantum interferometers, wherein the sensitivity is expected to reach aT/Hz 1/2 The SERF atomic magnetometer without spin exchange relaxation is one of the most sensitive magnetic sensors, and needs to shield the earth magnetic field to work under a very weak magnetic field environment. The permalloy magnetic shielding cylinder adopted at present can attenuate the geomagnetic field to 1nT, if the magnetic field is further attenuated, an active magnetic shielding technology is adopted, and after the residual magnetic field is measured, current is applied to the coil to compensate the residual magnetic field.
The commonly used measurement means comprises the use of a magnetic sensor such as a fluxgate for testing, but the sensor probe needs to be inserted into a magnetic shielding barrel, the work of a light path can be influenced, and the residual magnetism measurement cannot be carried out under the working state of the atomic magnetometer. Other methods for measuring remanence without using a magnetic sensor, for example, a method for calculating remanence by using reverse subtraction of optical frequency shift requires changing the polarization state of pumping light, and a method for stably applying a three-axis decoupling magnetic field by using polarizability requires applying magnetic fields in three directions and cannot directly measure the magnitude of the magnetic field. Therefore, it is necessary to research a simple method for directly measuring the residual ac magnetic field in the magnetic shielding bucket under the working state of the atomic magnetometer, and the size of the ac magnetic field can be measured only by changing the frequency of the magnetic field under the condition that the amplitude of the ac magnetic field cannot be known, so as to provide conditions for improving the magnetic shielding effect and optimizing the sensitivity of the sensor.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical route, the invention provides a device and a method for measuring the amplitude of an alternating current magnetic field of an atomic magnetometer.
1. The invention relates to an alternating-current magnetic field amplitude measuring device of an atomic magnetometer, which comprises a pumping light path, a detection light path, an alkali metal atom air chamber, a signal acquisition and processing unit and a coil current source, wherein a heating mechanism, a three-axis coil and a magnetic shielding barrel are sequentially arranged outside the alkali metal atom air chamber from inside to outside; the detection light path is vertical to the pumping light path, and the output detection light passes through the alkali metal atom gas chamber and is converted into a voltage value to be read by the signal acquisition and processing unit; the signal acquisition processing unit outputs a control signal to the coil current source, the three-axis coil is used for applying an alternating current magnetic field in the direction perpendicular to the pumping light and the detection light plane, and the coil current source is used for controlling the frequency of the three-axis coil for generating the alternating current magnetic field.
Preferably, the pumping light path comprises a pumping light laser and a pumping light path adjusting mechanism, pumping light emitted by the pumping light laser is injected into the alkali metal atom air chamber after being adjusted by the pumping light path adjusting mechanism, and the pumping light path adjusting mechanism comprises at least one lens.
Preferably, the detection light path comprises a detection light laser, a detection light path adjusting mechanism and a photodetector, the detection light emitted by the detection light laser passes through the alkali metal atom gas chamber after being adjusted by the detection light path adjusting mechanism and is received by the photodetector, the photodetector receives the detection light and converts the detection light into a voltage value to be output to the signal acquisition and processing unit, and the detection light path adjusting mechanism comprises at least one lens.
Preferably, the heating mechanism comprises a non-magnetic electric heating oven and a heat insulation material, wherein the non-magnetic electric heating oven is used for heating the alkali metal atom air chamber and is matched with an external heat insulation material cavity for temperature control.
Preferably, the magnetically shielded bucket is used to provide a non-magnetic environment for the device.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the amplitude of the alternating current magnetic field of the atomic magnetometer, which comprises the following steps:
s1: calculating an expression of a first-order component of the polarizability according to a Bloch equation, and deducing a relational expression between the amplitude of the alternating-current magnetic field and the frequency of the modulated alternating-current magnetic field;
s2: starting a pumping laser and a detection laser, adjusting two light paths to enable pumping light and detection light to pass through an alkali metal air chamber in a magnetic shielding barrel in a mutually perpendicular mode, starting a heating mechanism to heat the alkali metal air chamber, increasing the atomic number density and enabling an atomic magnetometer to work;
s3: measuring the amplitude of an output signal of the atomic magnetometer by using a signal acquisition processing unit;
s4: applying an alternating magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the pumping light and the detection light plane by using a three-axis coil; when the amplitude of the output signal does not reach the maximum value, scanning the frequency of the alternating current magnetic field until the output signal reaches the maximum value, and recording the frequency of the magnetic field at the moment;
s5: and calculating the magnitude of the alternating current magnetic field amplitude according to a relational expression between the alternating current magnetic field amplitude and the modulation alternating current magnetic field frequency.
Preferably, the alternating magnetic field is a sine magnetic field or a cosine magnetic field.
The invention utilizes the principle that the first-order resonance component of the solution under the atomic spin polarizability magnetic field in the detection direction has the maximum value, and the maximum value is influenced by the frequency of the alternating-current magnetic field. And changing the frequency of the alternating current magnetic field generated by the three-axis coil, and calculating the alternating current residual magnetic field through the frequency of the magnetic field when the amplitude of the output signal of the magnetometer reaches the maximum. The residual alternating current magnetic field of the magnetic shielding barrel can be directly calculated by measuring an output signal in the working state of the atomic magnetometer without introducing an external magnetic sensor, and a virtual magnetic field caused by optical frequency shift can be simultaneously shielded.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a variation of a first order Bessel function according to the present invention.
FIG. 1 is labeled as follows: 1-pumping light laser, 2-pumping light optical path adjusting mechanism, 3-detecting light laser, 4-detecting light optical path adjusting mechanism, 5-photoelectric detector, 6-signal acquisition and processing unit, 7-coil current source, 8-triaxial coil, 9-heat insulation material cavity, 10-alkali metal atom air chamber, 11-non-electromagnetic heating oven and 12-magnetic shielding barrel.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the accompanying drawings and the detailed description below.
The invention discloses an alternating current magnetic field amplitude measuring device of an atomic magnetometer, which comprises a pumping light path, a detection light path, an alkali metal atom air chamber, a signal acquisition and processing unit and a coil current source, wherein a heating mechanism, a three-axis coil and a magnetic shielding barrel are sequentially arranged outside the alkali metal atom air chamber from inside to outside; the detection light path is vertical to the pumping light path, and the output detection light passes through the alkali metal atom gas chamber and is converted into a voltage value to be read by the signal acquisition and processing unit; the signal acquisition and processing unit outputs a control signal to the coil current source, the three-axis coil is used for applying an alternating current magnetic field in a direction vertical to the pumping light and the detection light plane, and the coil current source is used for controlling the frequency of the alternating current magnetic field generated by the three-axis coil; the pumping light path comprises a pumping light laser and a pumping light path adjusting mechanism, pumping light emitted by the pumping light laser is injected into the alkali metal atom air chamber after being adjusted by the pumping light path adjusting mechanism, and the pumping light path adjusting mechanism comprises at least one lens; the detection light path comprises a detection light laser, a detection light path adjusting mechanism and a photoelectric detector, detection light emitted by the detection light laser passes through the alkali metal atom gas chamber after being adjusted by the detection light path adjusting mechanism and is received by the photoelectric detector, the photoelectric detector receives the detection light and converts the detection light into a voltage value to be output to the signal acquisition and processing unit, and the detection light path adjusting mechanism comprises at least one lens; the heating mechanism comprises a non-magnetic electric heating oven and a heat insulation material, wherein the non-magnetic electric heating oven is used for heating an alkali metal atom air chamber and is matched with an external heat insulation material chamber for temperature control; the magnetic shielding barrel is used for providing a non-magnetic environment for the device.
The invention discloses a method for measuring the amplitude of an alternating current magnetic field of an atomic magnetometer, which comprises the following steps:
s1: calculating an expression of a first-order component of the polarizability according to a Bloch equation, and deducing a relational expression between the amplitude of the alternating-current magnetic field and the frequency of the modulated alternating-current magnetic field;
s2: starting a pumping laser and a detection laser, adjusting two light paths to enable the pumping light and the detection light to be mutually perpendicular and pass through an alkali metal air chamber in a magnetic shielding barrel, starting a heating mechanism to heat the alkali metal air chamber, increasing the atomic number density and enabling an atomic magnetometer to work;
s3: measuring the amplitude of an output signal of the atomic magnetometer by using a signal acquisition processing unit;
s4: applying an alternating magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the pumping light and the detection light plane by using a three-axis coil; when the amplitude of the output signal does not reach the maximum value, scanning the frequency of the alternating current magnetic field until the output signal reaches the maximum value, and recording the frequency of the magnetic field at the moment;
s5: and calculating the magnitude of the alternating current magnetic field amplitude according to a relational expression between the alternating current magnetic field amplitude and the modulation alternating current magnetic field frequency.
The alternating magnetic field is a sine magnetic field or a cosine magnetic field.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the device comprises a pumping laser 1, a pumping optical lens 2, a detection optical laser 3, a detection optical lens 4, a photoelectric detector 5, a signal acquisition and processing unit 6, a coil current source 7, a triaxial coil 8, a heat insulation material cavity 9, an alkali metal atom air chamber 10, a nonmagnetic electric heating oven 11 and a magnetic shielding barrel 12, wherein the pumping laser 1 and the pumping optical lens 2 form a pumping optical path; the detection light laser 3, the detection light lens 4 and the photoelectric detector 5 form a detection light path; the pumping light path and the detection light path are vertical to each other, and the non-magnetic electric heating oven 11 and the heat insulation material cavity 9 form a heating mechanism; the alkali metal atom air chamber 10, the non-magnetic electric heating oven 11, the heat insulation material chamber 9, the three-axis coil 8 and the magnetic shielding barrel 12 are sequentially arranged from inside to outside.
The pumping light laser 1 generates alkali metal D1 line laser, and the alkali metal D1 line laser irradiates an alkali metal air chamber 10 after passing through a pumping light lens 2; the detection optical laser 3 generates D2 line laser which irradiates an alkali metal air chamber 10 after passing through a detection optical lens 4, emergent light is received by a photoelectric detector 5, the emergent light is converted into a voltage signal and then is received by a signal acquisition and processing unit 6, a control signal is output to a coil current source 7 after calculation, the coil current source 7 supplies power to a three-axis coil 8 and controls the frequency of an alternating current magnetic field generated by the three-axis coil 8, the three-axis coil 8 is used for applying the alternating current magnetic field in the direction perpendicular to a pumping light and detection optical plane, the alkali metal air chamber 10 is placed in a nonmagnetic electric heating oven 11 and is insulated by a heat insulation material cavity 12, the nonmagnetic electric heating oven 11 is used for heating the alkali metal air chamber 10, the atomic number density in the alkali metal air chamber 10 is improved, and the magnetic shielding barrel 12 is made of 5 layers of permalloy materials with high magnetic conductivity and used for shielding a geomagnetic field.
As shown in fig. 2, the measurement method is implemented as follows:
s1: and deducing a relational expression between the frequency of the external residual direct current magnetic field and the frequency of the modulated alternating current magnetic field. First, according to the following Bloch equation:
wherein P is polarizability, B is magnetic field,
is the gyromagnetic ratio constant, q is the slowdown factor, s is the spin vector, z is the direction vector,
is the spin relaxation and Rop is the pumping rate. Assuming that the pumping path is in the z-direction, the sensing path is in the x-direction, and the magnetic field direction is in the y-direction perpendicular to the plane of the pumping and sensing paths.
When the external magnetic field has a DC residual magnetic field B1 and an AC modulation magnetic field
After that, it can be written as:
the first order component of solving the polarizability transient solution is:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
,
is the frequency of the alternating magnetic field and,
is a bessel function. Taking out the imaginary part means detecting the polarizability of the light direction as:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
there is a maximum value, the maximum value of the first order Bessel function being taken at
When B1 is fixed, then
Fixed and unknown, change
When is coming into contact with
When the utility model is used, the water is discharged,
taking the maximum value.
And the output signal of the atomic magnetometer
In proportion:
l (v) is a Lorentzian function, vpr is a detected light frequency,
is the oscillation intensity of the D2 line,
the center frequency of the D2 line. So that the magnetometer output signal when measured
When the maximum value is reached, the external magnetic field
S2: the pumping laser is started, the laser is detected, the two light paths are adjusted, the pumping laser and the detection light are perpendicular to each other and pass through an alkali metal air chamber in the magnetic shielding barrel, the heating system is started to heat the air chamber, the atomic number density is increased, and the atomic magnetometer works.
S3: and measuring the amplitude of the output signal of the magnetometer by using the signal acquisition and processing unit.
S4: applying an alternating current magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the pumping light and the detection light plane by using a three-axis coil; when the amplitude of the output signal does not reach the maximum value, the frequency of the alternating magnetic field is scanned until the output signal reaches the maximum value, and the frequency of the magnetic field at the moment is recorded.
S5: and calculating the amplitude of the residual alternating current magnetic field.
Wherein the AC magnetic field is sine magnetic field or cosine magnetic field, and the calculated polarizability in the detection direction
Containing Bessel function terms
The term has the largest value.
As shown in FIG. 3, the first order Bessel function J is
Taking a maximum value, changing the frequency
When it comes to
When the utility model is used, the water is discharged,
a maximum value may be taken.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An atomic magnetometer AC magnetic field amplitude measuring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: calculating an expression of a first-order component of the polarizability according to a Bloch equation, and deducing a relational expression between the amplitude of the alternating current magnetic field and the frequency of the modulated alternating current magnetic field;
s2: starting a pumping laser and a detection laser, adjusting two light paths to enable the pumping light and the detection light to be mutually perpendicular and pass through an alkali metal air chamber in a magnetic shielding barrel, starting a heating mechanism to heat the alkali metal air chamber, increasing the atomic number density and enabling an atomic magnetometer to work;
s3: measuring the amplitude of an output signal of the atomic magnetometer by using a signal acquisition processing unit;
s4: applying an alternating magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the pumping light and the detection light plane by using a three-axis coil; when the amplitude of the output signal does not reach the maximum value, scanning the frequency of the alternating current magnetic field until the output signal reaches the maximum value, and recording the frequency of the magnetic field at the moment;
s5: and calculating the magnitude of the alternating current magnetic field amplitude according to a relational expression between the alternating current magnetic field amplitude and the modulation alternating current magnetic field frequency.
2. The method for measuring the amplitude of the alternating-current magnetic field of the atomic magnetometer as recited in claim 1, wherein: the alternating magnetic field is a sine magnetic field or a cosine magnetic field.
3. An atomic magnetometer AC magnetic field amplitude measuring device, which is used for the atomic magnetometer AC magnetic field amplitude measuring method according to any one of claims 1-2, and comprises a pumping light path, a detection light path, an alkali metal atom gas chamber, a signal acquisition processing unit and a coil current source, and is characterized in that: the heating mechanism, the three-axis coil and the magnetic shielding barrel are sequentially arranged outside the alkali metal atom air chamber from inside to outside, and the pumping light path outputs pumping light to enter the alkali metal atom air chamber and polarize the alkali metal atoms; the detection light path is vertical to the pumping light path, and the output detection light passes through the alkali metal atom gas chamber and is converted into a voltage value to be read by the signal acquisition and processing unit; the signal acquisition processing unit outputs a control signal to the coil current source, the three-axis coil is used for applying an alternating current magnetic field in the direction perpendicular to the pumping light and the detection light plane, and the coil current source is used for controlling the frequency of the three-axis coil for generating the alternating current magnetic field.
4. An atomic magnetometer ac magnetic field amplitude measuring device according to claim 3, wherein: the pumping light path includes pumping light laser and pumping light path guiding mechanism, and the pumping light that the pumping light laser sent jets into the alkali metal atom air chamber after the adjustment of pumping light path guiding mechanism, and pumping light path guiding mechanism includes at least one lens.
5. An atomic magnetometer ac magnetic field amplitude measuring device according to claim 3, wherein: the detection light path comprises a detection light laser, a detection light path adjusting mechanism and a photoelectric detector, the detection light emitted by the detection light laser passes through the alkali metal atom air chamber after being adjusted by the detection light path adjusting mechanism and is received by the photoelectric detector, the photoelectric detector receives the detection light and converts the detection light into a voltage value to be output to the signal acquisition and processing unit, and the detection light path adjusting mechanism comprises at least one lens.
6. An atomic magnetometer ac magnetic field amplitude measuring device according to claim 3, wherein: the heating mechanism comprises a non-magnetic electric heating oven and a heat insulation material, wherein the non-magnetic electric heating oven is used for heating an alkali metal atom air chamber and is matched with an external heat insulation material cavity for temperature control.
7. An atomic magnetometer ac magnetic field amplitude measuring device according to claim 3, wherein: the magnetic shielding barrel is used for providing a non-magnetic environment for the device.
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