CN107192615A - Metal electromagnetism loading system based on Lorentz force - Google Patents

Metal electromagnetism loading system based on Lorentz force Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107192615A
CN107192615A CN201710565260.7A CN201710565260A CN107192615A CN 107192615 A CN107192615 A CN 107192615A CN 201710565260 A CN201710565260 A CN 201710565260A CN 107192615 A CN107192615 A CN 107192615A
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loading
storage capacitor
controllable silicon
lorentz force
permanent magnet
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CN107192615B (en
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张闯
李乘风
刘素贞
杨庆新
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Hebei University of Technology
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Hebei University of Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02Details
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0017Tensile
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/005Electromagnetic means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/006Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
    • G01N2203/0067Fracture or rupture

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to the metal electromagnetism loading system based on Lorentz force, it is characterised in that the system includes adjustable stabilized voltage supply, storage capacitor, controllable silicon, single-chip microcomputer and four loading heads;The output end of the adjustable stabilized voltage supply is connected with storage capacitor, controllable silicon and four loading heads successively, and the control port of controllable silicon is connected with single-chip microcomputer, and controlled silicon conducting is triggered by single-chip microcomputer;Adjustable stabilized voltage supply is used to carrying out rectification and boosting and be storage capacitor charging power frequency supply;Storage capacitor is used to store electric energy, and is discharged to loading head, and controllable silicon is used for the electric discharge for controlling storage capacitor;Four loadings header structure is identical, and two loading heads are one group, every group metallic plate to be loaded is arranged in symmetrical structure up and down upper and lower surface;Each loading head includes excitation coil and permanent magnet, and the output end of the excitation coil and controllable silicon is connected, and a permanent magnet is fixed in the left half of region and/or right half of region on excitation coil top.

Description

Metal electromagnetism loading system based on Lorentz force
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Metal loading systems technology field, and in particular to a kind of metal electromagnetism based on Lorentz force Loading system.
Background technology
Current metal material applies quite varied, the structural behaviour and safety of these metal parts in various engineering structures State directly affects the safe operation of equipment.Metal material is influenceed by factors such as loading stress, temperature stress, residual stress Defect, even crackle and fracture can be produced, serious consequence is caused.In order to study the performance of metal material under stress state, often Need to load metal material (i.e. applying power, including pulling force and pressure).Traditional material testing machine uses motor or liquid Pressure driving, using gear, lead screw transmission, needs workpiece clamp to live in capable stretching when in use, and workpiece is exerted a force from outside, experiment Machine is bulky, expensive, and maintenance cost is high;And test specimen is fixed using chuck for it, inevitably to material Cause damage in material surface.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome, existing machinery loading device is bulky, shortcoming that is directly being contacted with test specimen, and the present invention provides a kind of Electromagnetic force is used among metal specimen stretching by the metal electromagnetism loading system based on Lorentz force, the system, with active force Uniformly, it is swift to operate with workpiece noncontact, portable advantage.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is to provide a kind of metal electromagnetism loading system based on Lorentz force, and it is special Levy and be that the system includes adjustable stabilized voltage supply, storage capacitor, controllable silicon, single-chip microcomputer and four loading heads;The adjustable voltage stabilizing The output end of power supply is connected with storage capacitor, controllable silicon and four loading heads successively, and control port and the single-chip microcomputer of controllable silicon connect Connect, controlled silicon conducting is triggered by single-chip microcomputer;Adjustable stabilized voltage supply is used to carrying out rectification and boosting and be energy storage power frequency supply Electric capacity charges;Storage capacitor is used to store electric energy, and is discharged to loading head, and controllable silicon is used for the electric discharge for controlling storage capacitor;Institute State four loading header structures identical, two loading heads are one group, every group is arranged in metallic plate to be loaded in symmetrical structure up and down Upper and lower surface;Each loading head includes excitation coil and permanent magnet, the output end of the excitation coil and controllable silicon Connection, a permanent magnet is fixed in the left half of region and/or right half of region on excitation coil top.
The characteristics of loading system of the present invention:
1. the present invention uses electromagnetic induction principle, workpiece is not exerted a force from outside, but make workpiece from internal stress so that The distribution of test specimen internal stress is more uniform;
2. fixing workpiece using chuck in mechanical stretching machine, the pressure of chuck and anti-slip veins thereon can be made to workpiece surface Into damage.Loading head of the present invention is not contacted directly with workpiece, but by magnetic fields in workpiece, it is to avoid to workpiece test specimen table The damage in face;
3. system bulk is small lightweight, it is easy to carry, it is easy to loading and unloading, it can be added in the case where test specimen is in service state Carry, facilitate technical staff's execute-in-place.
Traditional stretching-machine is bulky immovable, is intended under need to being dismantled to test specimen progress detection in the part slave unit Come, be then sent to laboratory and studied, process is comparatively laborious.Present system equipment is light can to take open air to, facilitate skill Art personnel on site operates, and overcomes the problem of existing stretching-machine is bulky expensive.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of the metal electromagnetism loading system of the invention based on Lorentz force;
Fig. 2 is the metal electromagnetism loading system loading head main structure diagram of the invention based on Lorentz force;
Fig. 3 is the subjective diagrammatic cross-section of metal electromagnetism loading system loading head of the present invention based on Lorentz force;
Fig. 4 is the installation knot of loading head and metallic plate when the metal electromagnetism loading system of the invention based on Lorentz force is used Structure main structure diagram;
Fig. 5 is the installation knot of loading head and metallic plate when the metal electromagnetism loading system of the invention based on Lorentz force is used Structure overlooking the structure diagram;
Fig. 6 is principle schematic when the metal electromagnetism loading system of the invention based on Lorentz force is used.
Fig. 7 is the loading head of embodiment 2 and the mounting structure main structure diagram of metallic plate.
Fig. 8 is the loading head of embodiment 3 and the mounting structure main structure diagram of metallic plate.
In figure, 1. adjustable stabilized voltage supplies, 2. storage capacitors, 3. controllable silicons, 4. single-chip microcomputers, 5. excitation coils, 6. metallic plates, 7. permanent magnet, 8. exciting currents, 9. inductive loops, 10. magnetostatic fields, 11. electromagnetic forces.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Metal electromagnetism loading system (abbreviation system, referring to Fig. 1,4,5) of the invention based on Lorentz force includes adjustable steady Voltage source 1, storage capacitor 2, controllable silicon 3, single-chip microcomputer 4 and four loading heads;The output end of the adjustable stabilized voltage supply 1 successively with Storage capacitor 2, controllable silicon 3 and four loading head connections, the control port of controllable silicon are connected with single-chip microcomputer 4, touched by single-chip microcomputer 4 Send out controlled silicon conducting;Adjustable stabilized voltage supply 1 is used to carrying out rectification and boosting and be storage capacitor charging power frequency supply, and voltage is defeated Go out scope adjustable for 0~800V;Storage capacitor 2 is used to store electric energy, and is discharged to loading head, and highest pressure voltage is 1200v, is held Measure as 3500uf, controllable silicon 3 is used for the electric discharge for controlling storage capacitor, and highest withstanding voltage is 1400V, and operating current is 800A;
Four loading header structures are identical, and two loading heads are one group, every group be arranged in symmetrical structure up and down it is to be loaded The upper and lower surface of metallic plate;Each loading head includes excitation coil 5 and permanent magnet 7, the excitation coil 5 and controllable silicon 3 output end connection, a permanent magnet is fixed in the left half of region and/or right half of region on excitation coil top.
Further characteristic of the invention is that each loading head includes two permanent magnets 7 and an excitation coil 5, permanent magnetism Body 7 uses neodymium iron boron N52 ferromagnetic materials, is shaped as U-shaped, two opposite polarities of permanent magnet 7 on same loading head, mutually attracted Form E shape structures;Excitation coil 5 uses hollow rectangle skeleton, the sky of the E shape structures of the insertion formation of permanent magnet 7 of excitation coil 5 In gap, loading head is combined into.
Further characteristic of the invention is that the wire on the excitation coil 5 is led using a diameter of 0.5-2mm enamel-covers copper Line, the winding number of turn is 150-300 circles.
It is preferred that the wire on excitation coil 5 uses a diameter of 0.8-1.2mm enamel-covers copper conductor, the winding number of turn is 200-250 Circle.
The operation principle and process of loading system of the present invention be:
Four loading heads are divided into two groups of two ends for being placed on metallic plate 6, every group of two loading heads, two loading heads first The upper and lower surface of metallic plate is arranged in symmetrical structure up and down, as shown in Figure 4.Then using adjustable stabilized voltage supply 1 to energy storage electricity Hold 2 to charge, charging triggers controllable silicon 3 by single-chip microcomputer 4 after finishing and turned on, and four excitation coils 5 of storage capacitor 2 pair discharge, and swash Generation exciting current 8 in coil 5 is encouraged, the sense of current and excitation can be generated by being clipped in the metallic plate 6 in the middle of two excitation coils 5 The opposite inductive loop 9 (referring to Fig. 6) of electric current 8, only two works vertical with force direction of excitation coil 5 are wrapped up with U-shaped permanent magnet 7 With while (when excitation coil has four, wherein only two sides vertical with force direction to produce power have effect, claiming the two While being action edge, only permanent magnet is laid on the two sides), in the case where the magnetostatic field 10 that permanent magnet 7 is produced is acted on, 6 liang of metallic plate The inductive loop 9 at end will be acted on by the opposite Lorentz force 11 in direction, and stretching action is produced to metallic plate 6.Swashed by regulation Encourage direction of current flow in coil 5, it is possible to achieve the conversion of two kinds of loading effects of stretching and compression." ☉ " represents electric current in Fig. 6 Vertical paper inwards,Represent that the vertical paper of electric current is outside.
Loading system of the present invention can be applied to following two fields:
1. the mechanical property research of metal material:The tensile strength of metal material is tested, applied electromagnetic force is gradually stepped up, In much field of loads plastic deformation occurs for observation material, can occur expendable nonplastic shape beyond much field of loads Become, can be broken when reaching what stress limit.
2. the Non-Destructive Testing of metal inside stress:
1. the on-line measurement of metal sonoelastic coefficient can be carried out.
2. the spatial resolution of Non-Destructive Testing is improved:For it is more small, be difficult to the metal stresses that detect, this can be used to be System expands stress, obtains more obvious testing result.When for example using ultrasonic stress mornitoring method, stress present in metal It is smaller, it is necessary to measure 4cm apart from upper ultrasonic propagation time, can just collect obvious velocity of wave change;If using this system Stress is expanded, may be only needed in 2cm distances with regard to obvious sonic velocity change can be collected, this just reduces the sky needed for detection Between, it can more reflect the stress state of certain point, improve the spatial resolution of detection.
Embodiment 1
Metal electromagnetism loading system of the present embodiment based on Lorentz force include adjustable stabilized voltage supply 1, storage capacitor 2, can Control silicon 3, single-chip microcomputer 4 and four loading heads;The output end of the adjustable stabilized voltage supply 1 successively with storage capacitor 2, controllable silicon 3 and Four loading head connections, the control port of controllable silicon is connected with single-chip microcomputer 4, and controlled silicon conducting is triggered by single-chip microcomputer 4;It is adjustable steady Voltage source 1 is used to carrying out rectification and boosting and be storage capacitor charging power frequency supply;Storage capacitor 2 is used to store electric energy, and Discharged to loading head, controllable silicon 3 is used for the electric discharge for controlling storage capacitor;
Four loading header structures are identical, and two loading heads are one group, every group be arranged in symmetrical structure up and down it is to be loaded The upper and lower surface of metallic plate;Each loading head includes two permanent magnets 7 and an excitation coil 5, the excitation coil 5 with can Control the output end connection of silicon 3;The permanent magnet 7 is shaped as U-shaped, two opposite polarities of permanent magnet 7 on same loading head, mutually Adhesive forms E shape structures;Excitation coil 5 uses hollow rectangle skeleton, the E shape structures of the insertion formation of permanent magnet 7 of excitation coil 5 Space in, be combined into loading head.
Wire described in the present embodiment on excitation coil 5 uses a diameter of 0.8mm enamel-covers copper conductor, and the winding number of turn is 200 Circle, the permanent magnet uses neodymium iron boron N52 ferromagnetic materials.The voltage output range of adjustable stabilized voltage supply 1 is that 0~800V is adjustable; The highest pressure voltage of storage capacitor 2 is 1200v, and capacity is 3500uf;The highest withstanding voltage of controllable silicon 3 is 1400V, operating current For 800A.
In order to verify the feasibility of the present embodiment loading system, produced electromagnetic force is entered using ultrasonic stress mornitoring method Row measurement.The metallic plate to be loaded of the present embodiment is fine aluminium test specimen.
Theoretical calculation is obtained, when storage capacitor charges to 600V, and loading system will can produce 2 MPas to fine aluminium test specimen Electromagnetism tension.
When test specimen is in free state, the ultrasonic velocity in measurement test specimen, measurement result is 6458.3m/s;By energy storage Electric capacity charges to 600V, and electromagnetism stretching is carried out to fine aluminium test specimen, and measures ultrasonic velocity simultaneously, and measurement result is 6457.6m/ s.According to stress in fine aluminium plate material and the proportionality coefficient of the velocity of sound, can obtain the corresponding stress of ultrasonic velocity change is 2 MPas, The measurement result is identical with the calculated results, so as to demonstrate the practicality and accuracy of loading system of the present invention.
Embodiment 2
Metal electromagnetism loading system of the present embodiment based on Lorentz force include adjustable stabilized voltage supply 1, storage capacitor 2, can Control silicon 3, single-chip microcomputer 4 and four loading heads;The output end of the adjustable stabilized voltage supply 1 successively with storage capacitor 2, controllable silicon 3 and Four loading head connections, the control port of controllable silicon is connected with single-chip microcomputer 4, and controlled silicon conducting is triggered by single-chip microcomputer 4;It is adjustable steady Voltage source 1 is used to carrying out rectification and boosting and be storage capacitor charging power frequency supply;Storage capacitor 2 is used to store electric energy, and Discharged to loading head, controllable silicon 3 is used for the electric discharge for controlling storage capacitor;Four loadings header structure is identical, two loading heads For one group, every group metallic plate to be loaded is arranged in symmetrical structure up and down upper and lower surface;Each loading head includes One excitation coil 5 and a permanent magnet 7, the excitation coil 5 is connected with the output end of controllable silicon 3, on excitation coil top Right half of region fix a permanent magnet.
The permanent magnet of the present embodiment is rectangle (referring to Fig. 7).Wire on the excitation coil 5 is using a diameter of 0.8mm enamel-cover copper conductors, the winding number of turn is 200 circles, and the permanent magnet uses neodymium iron boron N52 ferromagnetic materials.
Storage capacitor is charged into 600V, electromagnetism stretching is carried out to fine aluminium test specimen, and carry out ultrasonic stress mornitoring, electromagnetic force Testing result is 0.45 MPa.
Embodiment 3
Metal electromagnetism loading system each several part connection be the same as Example 2 of the present embodiment based on Lorentz force, difference exists U-shaped is used in the shape of permanent magnet 7, the right half of region (referring to Fig. 8) on the top of excitation coil 5 is wrapped in.
Storage capacitor is charged into 600V, electromagnetism stretching is carried out to fine aluminium test specimen, and carry out ultrasonic stress mornitoring, electromagnetic force Testing result is 1 MPa.
By the contrast of embodiment 2 and embodiment 3, when other conditions are all identical, the electricity produced using U-shaped permanent magnet Magnetic force illustrates that U-shaped permanent magnetism physical efficiency forms more preferable Distribution of Magnetic Field than more than twice of the effect using rectangular permanent magnet, generation Bigger electromagnetic force.
By the contrast of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, opposite polarity is installed simultaneously in two action edges of excitation coil 5 Permanent magnet when, produced electromagnetic force is only twice in an action edge during installation magnet, and this shows dual permanent-magnet Structure electric energy is more fully utilized, it is to avoid the waste of energy.
Above-mentioned storage capacitor, single-chip microcomputer, controllable silicon are commercially available.
The present invention does not address part and is applied to prior art.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of metal electromagnetism loading system based on Lorentz force, it is characterised in that the system includes adjustable stabilized voltage supply, storage Can electric capacity, controllable silicon, single-chip microcomputer and four loading heads;The output end of the adjustable stabilized voltage supply successively with storage capacitor, controllable Silicon and four loading head connections, the control port of controllable silicon are connected with single-chip microcomputer, and controlled silicon conducting is triggered by single-chip microcomputer;It is adjustable Voltage-stabilized power supply is used to carrying out rectification and boosting and be storage capacitor charging power frequency supply;Storage capacitor is used to store electric energy, and Discharged to loading head, controllable silicon is used for the electric discharge for controlling storage capacitor;Four loadings header structure is identical, and two loading heads are One group, every group is arranged in the upper and lower surface of metallic plate to be loaded in symmetrical structure up and down;Each loading head includes swashing Encourage coil and permanent magnet, the output end connection of the excitation coil and controllable silicon, excitation coil top left half of region and/ Or a permanent magnet is fixed in right half of region.
2. the metal electromagnetism loading system according to claim 1 based on Lorentz force, it is characterised in that each loading head Include two permanent magnet polarities on two permanent magnets, same loading head on the contrary, mutual attracted formation E shape structures, excitation line In the space of the E shape structures of the embedded permanent magnet formation of circle.
3. the metal electromagnetism loading system according to claim 1 based on Lorentz force, it is characterised in that the permanent magnet It is shaped as U-shaped.
4. the metal electromagnetism loading system according to claim 1 based on Lorentz force, it is characterised in that the permanent magnet Using neodymium iron boron N52 ferromagnetic materials.
5. the metal electromagnetism loading system according to claim 1 based on Lorentz force, it is characterised in that excitation coil is adopted With hollow rectangle skeleton.
6. the metal electromagnetism loading system according to claim 1 based on Lorentz force, it is characterised in that the excitation line Wire on circle uses a diameter of 0.5-2mm enamel-covers copper conductor, and the winding number of turn is 150-300 circles.
7. the metal electromagnetism loading system according to claim 1 based on Lorentz force, it is characterised in that the excitation line Wire on circle uses a diameter of 0.8-1.2mm enamel-covers copper conductor, and the winding number of turn is 200-250 circles.
8. the metal electromagnetism loading system according to claim 1 based on Lorentz force, it is characterised in that adjustable voltage stabilizing electricity The voltage output range in source is that 0~800V is adjustable;The highest pressure voltage of storage capacitor is 1200v, and capacity is 3500uf;Controllable silicon Highest withstanding voltage is 1400V, and operating current is 800A.
CN201710565260.7A 2017-07-12 2017-07-12 Lorentz force-based metal electromagnetic loading system Active CN107192615B (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108645296A (en) * 2018-06-06 2018-10-12 南京理工大学 A kind of jet flow forming device of strong Magnetic driving
CN108894757A (en) * 2018-06-06 2018-11-27 南京理工大学 A kind of electromagnetic drive petroleum perforation charge device
CN110095334A (en) * 2019-04-09 2019-08-06 三峡大学 A kind of experimental provision and method using Ampere force simulation rock stress condition
CN110887746A (en) * 2019-11-18 2020-03-17 宁波大学 Lorentz force-based tangential loading method for shear test of oversized rock mass structural plane

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN202382713U (en) * 2011-12-26 2012-08-15 华中科技大学 Electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor for measuring wall thickness of test piece
CN104897486A (en) * 2015-05-20 2015-09-09 西北工业大学 Electromagnetic torsional split-Hopkinson bar loading device
CN206990351U (en) * 2017-07-12 2018-02-09 河北工业大学 Metal electromagnetism loading system based on lorentz force

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN202382713U (en) * 2011-12-26 2012-08-15 华中科技大学 Electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor for measuring wall thickness of test piece
CN104897486A (en) * 2015-05-20 2015-09-09 西北工业大学 Electromagnetic torsional split-Hopkinson bar loading device
CN206990351U (en) * 2017-07-12 2018-02-09 河北工业大学 Metal electromagnetism loading system based on lorentz force

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108645296A (en) * 2018-06-06 2018-10-12 南京理工大学 A kind of jet flow forming device of strong Magnetic driving
CN108894757A (en) * 2018-06-06 2018-11-27 南京理工大学 A kind of electromagnetic drive petroleum perforation charge device
CN108645296B (en) * 2018-06-06 2019-11-15 南京理工大学 A kind of jet flow forming device of strong Magnetic driving
CN108894757B (en) * 2018-06-06 2020-04-28 南京理工大学 Electromagnetic drive petroleum perforating bullet device
CN110095334A (en) * 2019-04-09 2019-08-06 三峡大学 A kind of experimental provision and method using Ampere force simulation rock stress condition
CN110095334B (en) * 2019-04-09 2022-02-01 三峡大学 Experimental device and method for simulating rock stress condition by adopting ampere force
CN110887746A (en) * 2019-11-18 2020-03-17 宁波大学 Lorentz force-based tangential loading method for shear test of oversized rock mass structural plane
CN110887746B (en) * 2019-11-18 2022-05-03 宁波大学 Lorentz force-based tangential loading method for shear test of oversized rock mass structural plane

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