CN110887746A - Lorentz force-based tangential loading method for shear test of oversized rock mass structural plane - Google Patents
Lorentz force-based tangential loading method for shear test of oversized rock mass structural plane Download PDFInfo
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- CN110887746A CN110887746A CN201911124533.XA CN201911124533A CN110887746A CN 110887746 A CN110887746 A CN 110887746A CN 201911124533 A CN201911124533 A CN 201911124533A CN 110887746 A CN110887746 A CN 110887746A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/005—Electromagnetic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0298—Manufacturing or preparing specimens
Abstract
A tangential loading method of a shear test of an oversized rock mass structural plane based on Lorentz force is characterized in that according to shear instability data of the oversized rock mass structural plane, physical mechanical parameters of wall rocks and structural planes of the oversized rock mass structural plane shear test are determined after statistical analysis, a cuboid steel mold is adopted to pour a lower concrete sample of the oversized rock mass structural plane, and a sample is poured according to the same method; arranging high-frequency current coils around the upper and lower samples, and adjusting the magnitude and direction of Lorentz force by changing the magnitude and direction of current in the coils; inputting the determined data of the current in the high-frequency coil into an intelligent computer, and controlling the magnitude and the direction of the current in the high-frequency coil through a current branch controller; in the test process, the optical fiber current sensor is deformed under the action of pressure under the tangential load, and data are transmitted to the intelligent computer through the optical fiber channel to correct the tangential load of the shear test. The invention improves the accuracy and the scientificity of the test result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tangential loading method for a shear test of an oversized rock mass structural plane based on Lorentz force, and belongs to the technical field of indoor physical mechanical tests.
Background
With the rapid development of economy, the investment of China on large-scale infrastructure in the middle and western parts is larger and larger, such as large-scale projects of large-scale hydropower engineering, high-speed railways, deep resource exploitation, strategic oil reserves, nuclear power engineering and the like, the construction of the projects improves the living standard of people, promotes the further development of economy, and simultaneously brings more engineering geological disaster problems, such as landslide, debris flow, rock burst, earthquake and the like, so that the stability and catastrophe problems of rock masses in engineering areas are quite prominent, and the life and property safety of people are seriously threatened. Through investigation and research, most of the engineering geological instability phenomena are related to shear instability of the structural plane in the coal rock mass, and whether the shear instability of the structural plane occurs is determined by the shear strength of the structural plane. However, for a large open-air side slope, the size of the key structural plane of the overall side slope and the combined step side slope reaches tens of meters or even hundreds of meters, and due to the existence of the structural plane shear strength size effect, the structural plane shear strength index error obtained by the traditional small indoor shear test is large, so that the shear test of the structural plane of the rock mass with the super-large size is very necessary. However, there are the following problems: (1) the tangential load required by the shear test of the oversized rock mass structural plane is very large, the oil pressure loaded by the oil cylinder is very large, and potential safety hazards exist; (2) the tangential loading at the end part of the sample can cause local stress concentration, so that the tangential load is unevenly distributed, and the end part of the sample is damaged before the structural surface; (3) brackets are arranged on two sides, tangential loading can be realized by using a multi-oil-cylinder pushing method, but steel plates in the brackets need to penetrate through a test sample, the integrity of the test sample is greatly damaged, stress distribution in a rock mass is seriously influenced, and the obtained data has large errors; (4) considering the security problem, test operating personnel need keep away from test equipment enough distance, need longer wire transmission control signal, utilize the cable transmission signal can cause the damage of signal, and waterproof nature, shock resistance, interference killing feature are not strong. Therefore, the Lorentz force is used for providing uniform tangential load for a sample, the stability of signal transmission of the optical fiber channel and the shielding characteristic of electromagnetic interference of the electromagnetic shielding lead to an electromagnetic field, and the tangential loading method for the shear test of the oversized rock mass structural plane based on the Lorentz force is very necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a tangential loading method for a shear test of an oversized rock mass structural plane based on a Lorentz force, which can avoid the problem of local crushing caused by the tangential loading of the shear test of the oversized rock mass structural plane, so that a shear sample is subjected to more uniform tangential load, an optical fiber channel can ensure the safety of experimenters and reduce the attenuation of signals, an electromagnetic shielding wire can shield the interference of an electromagnetic field, the electric signals controlled by current are stably transmitted, and a scientific basis is provided for the design of the shear test of the oversized rock mass anchoring structural plane.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a tangential loading method for a shear test of an oversized rock mass structural plane based on Lorentz force comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the shear instability data of the large rock mass structural plane, determining the test requirements of the shear test of the oversized rock mass structural plane after statistical analysis, wherein the test requirements comprise the density, the size, the elastic modulus, the Poisson ratio and the strength of wall rocks, the size and morphological characteristics of the structural plane, the normal force, the shear force and the shear rate;
(2) according to the physical and mechanical parameters of the wall rock and the structural surface determined in the step (1), pouring a concrete lower sample of the structural surface of the oversized rock by adopting a cuboid steel mould according to concrete structure design specification GB 50010-2015;
(3) before pouring the sample on the structural surface concrete of the oversized rock mass, arranging the reinforcement cage in a cuboid steel mould, and then pouring the sample according to the same method in the step (2);
(4) arranging designed high-frequency current coils around the upper and lower samples, generating high-frequency electromagnetic fields through the high-frequency current, generating high-frequency eddy currents on the surface of the reinforcement cage, and enabling the reinforcement cage to be subjected to Lorentz force through interaction with the magnetic fields, and adjusting the magnitude and direction of the Lorentz force by changing the magnitude and direction of the current in the coils according to the stress environment determined in the step (1), so that the tangential loading requirement of a shear test is met;
(5) through programming, inputting the data of the current in the high-frequency coil determined in the step (4) into an intelligent computer, generating a current control signal, and transmitting the current control signal to a current master controller through an optical fiber switch and a photoelectric signal converter in sequence;
(6) the signal generated by the current master controller is stably transmitted to the current branch controllers through electromagnetic shielding wires, and the magnitude and direction of the current in the high-frequency coil are intelligently controlled through the current branch controllers;
(7) in the test process, under the action of a tangential load, the optical fiber current sensor is deformed under the action of pressure, the data of shearing force and shearing displacement of the structural plane are generated through the change of the internal current of the optical fiber current sensor, the data are transmitted to the intelligent computer through the optical fiber channel, and then the tangential load of the shearing test is corrected.
Further, in the step (2), the size of the cast shear sample is larger than 5m in length, larger than 2m in width and larger than 1m in height.
Furthermore, in the step (3), the metal material adopted by the steel reinforcement cage has superconducting characteristics, and Lorentz force can be generated under the action of a high-frequency electromagnetic field.
In the step (4), the magnitudes of the high-frequency current and the lorentz force are determined according to the following formula:
F＝qvB+qE
where F is the lorentz force, q is the charge amount of the charged particles, E is the electric field intensity, v is the velocity of the charged particles, and B is the magnetic induction intensity.
In the step (4), the high-frequency current coils are designed to be arranged in a three-dimensional space and surround the whole shear sample.
In the step (5), the electrical signal output by the intelligent calculator is firstly transmitted to the optical fiber switch through a cable, generates an optical signal through photoelectric conversion, is then transmitted to the photoelectric signal converter through an optical fiber channel, generates an electrical signal through photoelectric conversion, and is finally transmitted to the current master controller through the electromagnetic shielding wire.
The electromagnetic shielding wire in fig. 1 can shield the interference of electromagnetic field and stably transmit the electric signal of current control; the optical fiber channel can be prolonged according to requirements, the safety of experimenters can be guaranteed, the stability, the waterproofness, the heat resistance and the shock resistance of the optical fiber channel are high, the anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong, and the signal attenuation is reduced.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the problem of local crushing caused by tangential loading of an oversized rock mass structural plane shear test can be solved, so that a shear sample is subjected to more uniform tangential load, the safety of experimenters can be ensured by the optical fiber channel, the attenuation of signals is reduced, the electromagnetic shielding wire can shield the interference of an electromagnetic field, the electric signal controlled by current is stably transmitted, the accuracy and the scientificity of test results are improved, and a scientific basis is provided for the design of the oversized rock mass structural plane shear test; the method has important significance for reducing investment of large-scale open-pit mines, reducing production cost, ensuring mining safety and guaranteeing safety of engineering construction projects such as large-scale water conservancy and hydropower.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a tangential loading method of a shear test of an oversized rock mass structural plane.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below in connection with the following description.
Referring to fig. 1, a tangential loading method for a shear test of a oversized rock mass structural plane based on lorentz force comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the shear instability data of the large rock mass structural plane, determining the test requirements of the shear test of the oversized rock mass structural plane after statistical analysis, wherein the test requirements comprise physical mechanical parameters such as density, size, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio and strength of wall rocks, physical mechanical parameters such as size and morphological characteristics of the structural plane, normal force, shear rate and other stress environments;
(2) according to the physical and mechanical parameters of the wall rock and the structural surface determined in the step (1), pouring a concrete lower sample of the structural surface of the oversized rock by adopting a cuboid steel mould according to concrete structure design specification GB 50010-2015;
(3) before pouring the sample on the structural surface concrete of the oversized rock mass, arranging the reinforcement cage in a cuboid steel mould, and then pouring the sample according to the same method in the step (2);
(4) arranging designed high-frequency current coils around the upper and lower samples, generating high-frequency electromagnetic fields through the high-frequency current, generating high-frequency eddy currents on the surface of the reinforcement cage, and enabling the reinforcement cage to be subjected to Lorentz force through interaction with the magnetic fields, and adjusting the magnitude and direction of the Lorentz force by changing the magnitude and direction of the current in the coils according to the stress environment determined in the step (1), so that the tangential loading requirement of a shear test is met;
(5) through programming, inputting the data of the current in the high-frequency coil determined in the step (4) into an intelligent computer, generating a current control signal, and transmitting the current control signal to a current master controller through an optical fiber switch and a photoelectric signal converter in sequence;
(6) the signal generated by the current master controller is stably transmitted to the current branch controllers through electromagnetic shielding wires, and the magnitude and direction of the current in the high-frequency coil are intelligently controlled through the current branch controllers;
(7) in the test process, under the action of a tangential load, the optical fiber current sensor is deformed under the action of pressure, the data of shearing force and shearing displacement of the structural plane are generated through the change of the internal current of the optical fiber current sensor, the data are transmitted to the intelligent computer through the optical fiber channel, and then the tangential load of the shearing test is corrected.
Further, in the step (2), the size of the cast shear sample is larger than 5m in length, larger than 2m in width and larger than 1m in height.
Furthermore, in the step (3), the metal material adopted by the steel reinforcement cage has superconducting characteristics, and Lorentz force can be generated under the action of a high-frequency electromagnetic field.
In the step (4), the magnitudes of the high-frequency current and the lorentz force are determined according to the following formula:
F＝qvB+qE
where F is the lorentz force, q is the charge amount of the charged particles, E is the electric field intensity, v is the velocity of the charged particles, and B is the magnetic induction intensity.
In the step (4), the high-frequency current coils are designed to be arranged in a three-dimensional space and surround the whole shear sample;
in the step (5), the electrical signal output by the intelligent calculator is firstly transmitted to the optical fiber switch through a cable, generates an optical signal through photoelectric conversion, is then transmitted to the photoelectric signal converter through an optical fiber channel, generates an electrical signal through photoelectric conversion, and is finally transmitted to the current master controller through an electromagnetic shielding wire;
the electromagnetic shielding wire in fig. 1 can shield the interference of electromagnetic field and stably transmit the electric signal of current control; the optical fiber channel can be prolonged according to requirements, the safety of experimenters can be guaranteed, the stability, the waterproofness, the heat resistance and the shock resistance of the optical fiber channel are high, the anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong, and the signal attenuation is reduced.
The method of the embodiment can avoid the problem of local crushing caused by tangential loading of the shear test of the oversized rock mass structural plane, so that a shear sample is subjected to more uniform tangential load, the optical fiber channel can ensure the safety of experimenters and reduce the attenuation of signals, the electromagnetic shielding wire can shield the interference of an electromagnetic field and stably transmit electric signals controlled by current, the accuracy and the scientificity of test results are improved, and a scientific basis is provided for the design of the oversized rock mass structural plane shear test; the method has important significance for reducing investment of large-scale open-pit mines, reducing production cost, ensuring mining safety and guaranteeing safety of engineering construction projects such as large-scale water conservancy and hydropower.
Claims (6)
1. A tangential loading method for a shear test of an oversized rock mass structural plane based on Lorentz force is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) according to the shear instability data of the large rock mass structural plane, determining the test requirements of the shear test of the oversized rock mass structural plane after statistical analysis, wherein the test requirements comprise the density, the size, the elastic modulus, the Poisson ratio and the strength of wall rocks, the size and morphological characteristics of the structural plane, the normal force, the shear force and the shear rate;
(2) according to the physical and mechanical parameters of the wall rock and the structural surface determined in the step (1), pouring a concrete lower sample of the structural surface of the oversized rock body by adopting a cuboid steel die according to concrete structure design specification GB 50010-2015;
(3) before pouring the sample on the structural surface concrete of the oversized rock mass, arranging the reinforcement cage in a cuboid steel mould, and then pouring the sample according to the same method in the step (2);
(4) arranging designed high-frequency current coils around the upper and lower samples, generating high-frequency electromagnetic fields through the high-frequency current, generating high-frequency eddy currents on the surface of the reinforcement cage, and enabling the reinforcement cage to be subjected to Lorentz force through interaction with the magnetic fields, and adjusting the magnitude and direction of the Lorentz force by changing the magnitude and direction of the current in the coils according to the stress environment determined in the step (1), so that the tangential loading requirement of a shear test is met;
(5) through programming, inputting the data of the current in the high-frequency coil determined in the step (4) into an intelligent computer, generating a current control signal, and transmitting the current control signal to a current master controller through an optical fiber switch and a photoelectric signal converter in sequence;
(6) the signal generated by the current master controller is stably transmitted to the current branch controllers through electromagnetic shielding wires, and the magnitude and direction of the current in the high-frequency coil are intelligently controlled through the current branch controllers;
(7) in the test process, under the action of a tangential load, the optical fiber current sensor is deformed under the action of pressure, the data of shearing force and shearing displacement of the structural plane are generated through the change of the internal current of the optical fiber current sensor, the data are transmitted to the intelligent computer through the optical fiber channel, and then the tangential load of the shearing test is corrected.
2. The tangential loading method for the Lorentz force-based shear test of the structural plane of the oversized rock mass is characterized in that in the step (2), the size of the poured shear sample is larger than 5m in length, larger than 2m in width and larger than 1m in height.
3. The tangential loading method for the lorentz force-based oversized rock mass structural plane shear test is characterized in that in the step (3), the metal material adopted by the reinforcement cage has superconducting characteristics, and the lorentz force can be generated under the action of a high-frequency electromagnetic field.
4. The tangential loading method for the shear test of the oversized rock mass structural plane based on the Lorentz force as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (4), the magnitudes of the high-frequency current and the Lorentz force are determined according to the following formula:
F＝qvB+qE
where F is the lorentz force, q is the charge amount of the charged particles, E is the electric field intensity, v is the velocity of the charged particles, and B is the magnetic induction intensity.
5. The tangential loading method for the lorentz force-based oversized rock mass structural plane shear test is characterized in that in the step (4), the high-frequency current coils are designed to be arranged in a three-dimensional space and surround the whole shear sample.
6. The tangential loading method for the lorentz force-based shear test of the oversized rock mass structural plane is characterized in that in the step (5), the electric signals output by the intelligent calculator are firstly transmitted to the optical fiber switch through a cable, are subjected to photoelectric conversion to generate optical signals, are then transmitted to the photoelectric signal converter through an optical fiber channel, are subjected to photoelectric conversion to generate electric signals, and are finally transmitted to the current master controller through the electromagnetic shielding wires.
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