CN107188505A - 一种纤维增强无机复合保温板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种纤维增强无机复合保温板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种纤维增强无机保温板,由以下重量百分比的原料制成:混杂纤维35%~40%、无机复合粘结剂20%~30%、多孔矿物35%~45%、外加剂0.08‰~0.1‰。该板材制备方法包括原料称取、原料制备、纤维增强无机保温板制备等步骤,本发明的纤维增强无机保温板制导热系数低,抗压、抗拉强度高,吸水率小,综合性能优,应用性能稳定,且生产过程绿色环保,是一种性能优良、安全环保的新型无机复合材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纤维增强无机复合保温板及其制备方法,主要用于建筑内外墙保温及防火等级为A级的工业保温、隔热,属于无机复合材料领域。
背景技术
保温材料是指导热系数≤0.2W/m·K,对热流具有显著阻抗性的材料和材料复合体,其保温性能的好坏是由材料导热系数的大小所决定。我国现有建筑保温材料多为有机保温材料,如EPS板、XPS板及PU板等,有机保温板材保温性能优异,但存在致命缺陷,即防火性能差,近几年来在国内发生过多起因有机保温材料引起的大型火灾,造成了多死多伤的惨案。国家针对这一情况,出台了禁止用易燃的保温材料作建筑保温层的文件,对建筑保温材料的防火等级给出了明确要求。
现有无机保温材料虽具有较好的阻燃性、耐久性,但其保温性能较差,吸水率较高,施工性能较差,同样也限制了在建筑墙体外保温中的应用。市场现有的无机保温材料有多种,但在产品性能及实际应用方面都存在各种问题。如岩棉保温板是以天然矿石等为主要原料,熔化后,采用离心制棉工艺,制成单纤维直径为4~7μm的定长岩棉纤维,再在岩棉纤维中加入一定量的粘结剂(有机)、防尘油、憎水剂,经沉降、固化、切割等工艺制成岩棉保温板,与有机保温板相比吸水率较大,生产成本较高,施工性能较差。膨胀珍珠岩保温板是以膨胀珍珠岩散料为骨料,加入防水剂、粘结剂(水泥或硅酸钠)进行配制、筛选、加压成型、烘干等工序制成的保温材料,其吸水率相对较高,产品保温性能差、在使用中易开裂空鼓,应用性能较差。泡沫混凝土是通过化学或物理的方式根据应用需要将空气或氮气、二氧化碳、氧气等气体引入混凝土浆体中,经过合理养护成型,而形成的含有大量细小的封闭气孔,并具有相当强度的混凝土制品,其存在强度低、保温差、开裂、吸水等缺陷。
发明内容
本发明的目的针对现有无机保温材料保温性能差、强度低、吸水率高、施工性能差等缺陷,提供一种性能优化的纤维增强无机复合保温板以满足建筑外墙外保温的使用要求。
本发明的另一目的在于提供纤维增强无机复合保温板的制备方法,该方法操作简单、制备方便、生产率高、适用于工业化大规模生产。
本发明整体思路是:采用经过表面改性的混杂纤维为骨架增强材料,以多孔矿物为保温主体,并引入外加剂对保温主体材料进行憎水处理,通过无机复合粘结剂将上述材料胶结,最后采用抽滤-模压工艺成型。
本发明通过以下技术方案来实现:一种纤维增强无机复合保温板,由以下重量百分比的原料制成:混杂纤维35%~40%、无机复合粘结剂20%~30%、多孔矿物35%~45%、外加剂0.08‰~0.1‰;
其中,基于混杂纤维的总质量,所述混杂纤维包括:80质量%的,矿物纤维、20质量%的玻璃纤维短切丝;
基于无机复合粘结剂的总质量,所述无机复合粘结剂包括:30质量%的硅酸钠、55质量%的氧化镁、12质量%的磷酸二氢铵、2质量%的硼砂、1质量%的粉煤灰;
基于多孔矿物的总质量,所述多孔矿物包括:85质量%的膨胀珍珠岩、15质量%的膨胀蛭石;
基于外加剂的总质量,所述外加剂包括:10质量%的减水剂、90质量%的疏水剂。
基于上述技术方案,进一步的改进在于,所述混杂纤维中矿物纤维,纤维长度1~3mm。
基于上述技术方案,进一步的改进在于,所述混杂纤维中玻璃纤维短切丝,纤维长度3~5mm。
基于上述技术方案,进一步的改进在于,所述外加剂中减水剂为聚羟酸。
基于上述技术方案,进一步的改进在于,所述外加剂中疏水剂为有机硅。
其具有以下特点:混杂纤维的增强作用可提高保温板的强度和施工性能,同时也能优化材料内的孔隙结构和数量,无机复合粘结剂解决了单纯硅酸钠做粘结剂的析碱、性能不稳定问题及有机粘结剂的老化失效问题,引入外加剂对保温主体材料进行憎水处理可使材料保持较高性能稳定性。
一种纤维增强无机复合保温板的制备方法,它包括以下步骤:
(1)原料称取:按上述技术方案原料的重量百分比称取各原料,备用;
(2)原料制备:①混杂纤维的制备:所述混杂纤维中的矿物纤维和玻璃纤维短切丝按步骤(1)比例称取,将矿物纤维在2倍混杂纤维重量的水中分散均匀,然后加入玻璃纤维短切丝,搅拌制浆;②无机复合粘结剂制备:所述无机复合粘结剂是氧化镁、磷酸二氢铵、硼砂、粉煤灰按步骤(1)比例称取,分别预处理至200目通过率达到100%,然后加入搅拌器混合均匀,最后加入已称好的硅酸钠,并搅拌均匀;
③多孔矿物配制:所述多孔矿物是膨胀珍珠岩、膨化蛭石按步骤(1)比例称取,机械搅拌混合均匀;
④外加剂配制:所述外加剂减水剂和疏水剂按步骤(1)比例称取,并加入水中稀释至要求浓度,外加剂与水体积比为1:1000;
(3)纤维增强无机保温板制备:首先将步骤④制得的外加剂与步骤③制得的多孔矿物混合均匀,制得的混合物与步骤①制得的混杂纤维混合均匀,然后加入步骤②制得的无机复合粘结剂,混合均匀后加入抽滤模压无机板材成型机,最后经抽滤、模压制得纤维增强无机保温板。
本发明相比现有技术具有如下优点:该纤维增强无机复合保温板导热系数低,保温性能好;抗压、抗拉强度高,施工性能优;A级阻燃,具有很好的防火性能;憎水率高,材料应用性能稳定,与现有无机保温材料相比,各项性能均有较大优化,且该材料无毒、无气味,生产过程绿色环保,是一种环保型的新型功能材料。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的描述,本发明的保护范围不局限于以下所述。
本发明提供一种纤维增强无机复合保温板,由以下重量百分比的原料制成:混杂纤维35%~40%、无机复合粘结剂20%~30%、多孔矿物35%~45%、外加剂0.08‰~0.1‰;
其中,基于混杂纤维的总质量,所述混杂纤维包括:80质量%的,矿物纤维、20质量%的玻璃纤维短切丝;
基于无机复合粘结剂的总质量,所述无机复合粘结剂包括:30质量%的硅酸钠、55质量%的氧化镁、12质量%的磷酸二氢铵、2质量%的硼砂、1质量%的粉煤灰;
基于多孔矿物的总质量,所述多孔矿物包括:85质量%的膨胀珍珠岩、15质量%的膨胀蛭石;
基于外加剂的总质量,所述外加剂包括:10质量%的减水剂、90质量%的疏水剂。
基于上述技术方案,所述混杂纤维中矿物纤维,纤维长度1~3mm。
基于上述技术方案,所述混杂纤维中玻璃纤维短切丝,纤维长度3~5mm。
基于上述技术方案,所述外加剂中减水剂为聚羟酸。
基于上述技术方案,所述外加剂中疏水剂为有机硅。
并提供一种纤维增强无机复合保温板的制备方法,它包括以下步骤:
(1)原料称取:按上述技术方案原料的重量百分比称取各原料,备用;
(2)原料制备:①混杂纤维的制备:所述混杂纤维中的矿物纤维和玻璃纤维短切丝按步骤(1)比例称取,将矿物纤维在2倍混杂纤维重量的水中分散均匀,然后加入玻璃纤维短切丝,搅拌制浆;②无机复合粘结剂制备:所述无机复合粘结剂是氧化镁、磷酸二氢铵、硼砂、粉煤灰按步骤(1)比例称取,分别预处理至200目通过率达到100%,然后加入搅拌器混合均匀,最后加入已称好的硅酸钠,并搅拌均匀;
③多孔矿物配制:所述多孔矿物是膨胀珍珠岩、膨化蛭石按步骤(1)比例称取,机械搅拌混合均匀;
④外加剂配制:所述外加剂减水剂和疏水剂按步骤(1)比例称取,并加入水中稀释至要求浓度,外加剂与水体积比为1:1000;
(3)纤维增强无机保温板制备:首先将步骤④制得的外加剂与步骤③制得的多孔矿物混合均匀,制得的混合物与步骤①制得的混杂纤维混合均匀,然后加入步骤②制得的无机复合粘结剂,混合均匀后加入抽滤模压无机板材成型机,最后经抽滤、模压制得纤维增强无机保温板。
按照上述技术方案制得的纤维增强无机保温板,容重≤200kg/m3,导热系数≤0.045W/m.k,憎水率≥98.5%,抗拉强度≥0.15MPa,抗压强度≥0. 52MPa,阻燃性能达到A级。
实施例1
一种纤维增强无机复合保温板,称取下列重量份的原料:
1)混杂纤维35kg:长度为1mm矿物纤维28kg,长度为3mm玻璃纤维短切纱7kg;
2)无机复合粘结剂25kg:硅酸钠7.5kg,氧化镁13.75kg,磷酸二氢铵3.0kg,硼砂0.5kg,粉煤灰0.25kg;
3)多孔矿物39.9kg:膨胀蛭石33.915kg,膨胀蛭石5.985kg;
4)外加剂9g:减水剂聚羟酸0.9g,疏水剂有机硅8.1g。
其中,用上述实施例重量份称取各原料的纤维增强无机复合保温板的制备方法包括以下步骤:①混杂纤维的制备:所述混杂纤维中的矿物纤维和玻璃纤维短切丝按所给重量称取,将矿物纤维在2倍混杂纤维重量的水中分散均匀,然后加入玻璃纤维短切丝,搅拌制浆;②无机复合粘结剂制备:所述无机复合粘结剂是氧化镁、磷酸二氢铵、硼砂、粉煤灰按给出重量称取,分别预处理至200目通过率达到100%,然后加入搅拌器混合均匀,最后加入已称好的硅酸钠,并搅拌均匀;
③多孔矿物配制:所述多孔矿物是膨胀珍珠岩、膨化蛭石按给出重量称取,机械搅拌混合均匀;
④外加剂配制:所述外加剂是由减水剂和疏水剂按给出重量称取,并加入水中稀释至要求浓度,外加剂与水体积比为1:1000;
纤维增强无机保温板制备:首先将步骤④制得的外加剂与步骤③制得的多孔矿物混合均匀,制得的混合物与步骤①制得的混杂纤维混合均匀,然后加入步骤②制得的无机复合粘结剂,混合均匀后加入抽滤模压无机板材成型机,最后经抽滤、模压制得纤维增强无机保温板。
按照实施例1制得纤维增强无机保温板主要性能指标为:容重198.1kg/m3,导热系数0.043W/m.k,憎水率99.7%,抗拉强度0.17MPa,抗压强度0. 55MPa,阻燃性能达到A级。
实施例2
一种纤维增强无机复合保温板,称取下列重量份的原料:1)混杂纤维39kg:长度1.5mm矿物纤维31.2kg,长度4mm玻璃纤维短切纱7.8kg;
2)无机复合粘结剂24kg:硅酸钠7.2kg,氧化镁13.2kg,磷酸二氢铵2.88kg,硼砂0.48kg,粉煤灰0.24kg;
3)多孔矿物36.9kg:膨胀蛭石31.365kg,膨胀蛭石5.535kg;
4)外加剂9g:减水剂0.9g,疏水剂8.1g;
其中,用上述实施例重量份称取各原料的纤维增强无机复合保温板的制备方法包括以下步骤:①混杂纤维的制备:所述混杂纤维中的矿物纤维和玻璃纤维短切丝按所给重量称取,将矿物纤维在2倍混杂纤维重量的水中分散均匀,然后加入玻璃纤维短切丝,搅拌制浆;②无机复合粘结剂制备:所述无机复合粘结剂是氧化镁、磷酸二氢铵、硼砂、粉煤灰按给出重量称取,分别预处理至200目通过率达到100%,然后加入搅拌器混合均匀,最后加入已称好的硅酸钠,并搅拌均匀;
③多孔矿物配制:所述多孔矿物是膨胀珍珠岩、膨化蛭石按给出重量称取,机械搅拌混合均匀;
④外加剂配制:所述外加剂是由减水剂和疏水剂按给出重量称取,并加入水中稀释至要求浓度,外加剂与水体积比为1:1000;
纤维增强无机保温板制备:首先将步骤④制得的外加剂与步骤③制得的多孔矿物混合均匀,制得的混合物与步骤①制得的混杂纤维混合均匀,然后加入步骤②制得的无机复合粘结剂,混合均匀后加入抽滤模压无机板材成型机,最后经抽滤、模压制得纤维增强无机保温板。
按照实施例2制得纤维增强无机保温板主要性能指标为:容重198.8kg/m3,导热系数0.044W/m.k,憎水率99.5%,抗拉强度0.18MPa,抗压强度0. 56MPa,阻燃性能达到A级。
实施例3
一种纤维增强无机复合保温板,称取下列重量份的原料:1)混杂纤维37kg:长度3mm矿物纤维29.6kg,长度5mm玻璃纤维短切纱7.4kg;
2)无机复合粘结剂25kg:硅酸钠7.5kg,氧化镁13.75kg,磷酸二氢铵3kg,硼砂0.5kg,粉煤灰0.25kg;
3)多孔矿物37.9kg:膨胀蛭石32.215kg,膨胀蛭石5.685kg;
4)外加剂9g:减水剂0.9g,疏水剂8.1g;
其中,用上述实施例重量份称取各原料的纤维增强无机复合保温板的制备方法包括以下步骤:①混杂纤维的制备:所述混杂纤维中的矿物纤维和玻璃纤维短切丝按所给重量称取,将矿物纤维在2倍混杂纤维重量的水中分散均匀,然后加入玻璃纤维短切丝,搅拌制浆;②无机复合粘结剂制备:所述无机复合粘结剂是氧化镁、磷酸二氢铵、硼砂、粉煤灰按给出重量称取,分别预处理至200目通过率达到100%,然后加入搅拌器混合均匀,最后加入已称好的硅酸钠,并搅拌均匀;
③多孔矿物配制:所述多孔矿物是膨胀珍珠岩、膨化蛭石按给出重量称取,机械搅拌混合均匀;
④外加剂配制:所述外加剂是由减水剂和疏水剂按给出重量称取,并加入水中稀释至要求浓度,外加剂与水体积比为1:1000;
纤维增强无机保温板制备:首先将步骤④制得的外加剂与步骤③制得的多孔矿物混合均匀,制得的混合物与步骤①制得的混杂纤维混合均匀,然后加入步骤②制得的无机复合粘结剂,混合均匀后加入抽滤模压无机板材成型机,最后经抽滤、模压制得纤维增强无机保温板。
按照实施例3制得纤维增强无机保温板主要性能指标为:容重197.9kg/m3,导热系数0.042W/m.k,憎水率99.8%,抗拉强度0.17MPa,抗压强度0. 54MPa,阻燃性能达到A级。
以上实施例中,水的重量未计算在内,只是用于帮助理解本发明的核心思想。对于本领域的一般技术人员,依据本发明的思想,在具体实施方式配比范围上均会有改变之处。
Claims (6)
1.一种纤维增强无机复合保温板,其特征在于,由以下重量百分比的原料制成:混杂纤维35%~40%、无机复合粘结剂20%~30%、多孔矿物35%~45%、外加剂0.08‰~0.1‰;
其中,基于混杂纤维的总质量,所述混杂纤维包括:80质量%的,矿物纤维、20质量%的玻璃纤维短切丝;
基于无机复合粘结剂的总质量,所述无机复合粘结剂包括:30质量%的硅酸钠、55质量%的氧化镁、12质量%的磷酸二氢铵、2质量%的硼砂、1质量%的粉煤灰;
基于多孔矿物的总质量,所述多孔矿物包括:85质量%的膨胀珍珠岩、15质量%的膨胀蛭石;
基于外加剂的总质量,所述外加剂包括:10质量%的减水剂、90质量%的疏水剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种纤维增强无机复合保温板,其特征在于,所述混杂纤维中矿物纤维,纤维长度1~3mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种纤维增强无机复合保温板,其特征在于,所述混杂纤维中玻璃纤维短切丝,纤维长度3~5mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种纤维增强无机复合保温板,其特征在于,所述外加剂中减水剂为聚羟酸。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种纤维增强无机复合保温板,其特征在于,所述外加剂中疏水剂为有机硅。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种纤维增强无机复合保温板的制备方法,其特征在于,它包括以下步骤:
(1)原料称取:按照权利要求1~5任意一项权利要求所述的原料重量百分比称取各原料,备用;
(2)原料制备:混杂纤维的制备:所述混杂纤维中的矿物纤维和玻璃纤维短切丝按步
骤(1)比例称取,将矿物纤维在2倍混杂纤维重量的水中分散均匀,然后加入玻璃纤维短切
丝,搅拌制浆;无机复合粘结剂制备:所述无机复合粘结剂是氧化镁、磷酸二氢铵、硼砂、
粉煤灰按步骤(1)比例称取,分别预处理至200目通过率达到100%,然后加入搅拌器混合均
匀,最后加入已称好的硅酸钠,并搅拌均匀;
③多孔矿物配制:所述多孔矿物是膨胀珍珠岩、膨化蛭石按步骤(1)比例称取,机械搅拌混合均匀;
外加剂配制:所述外加剂减水剂和疏水剂按步骤(1)比例称取,并加入水中稀释至要
求浓度,外加剂与水体积比为1:1000;
(3)纤维增强无机保温板制备:首先将步骤制得的外加剂与步骤制得的多孔矿物
混合均匀,制得的混合物与步骤制得的混杂纤维混合均匀,然后加入步骤制得的无机
复合粘结剂,混合均匀后加入抽滤模压无机板材成型机,最后经抽滤、模压制得纤维增强无
机保温板。 1
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