CN107188218B - 一种钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒材料及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒材料及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 203
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 229960001296 zinc oxide Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002073 nanorod Substances 0.000 abstract description 33
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 22
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- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910014142 Na—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021478 group 5 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003760 hair shine Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 have: I race Li Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000103 photoluminescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明属于半导体材料的技术领域,公开了一种钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒材料及其制备方法与应用。所述方法为(1)将氧化锌、石墨与焦磷酸钠混匀放入舟中,备用;(2)将衬底进行表面预处理,采用磁控溅射法在衬底的表面溅射一层氧化锌缓冲层;(3)将舟和衬底放置在反应装置中,装有混合料的舟放置在载流气体上风向的位置,衬底放置在载流气体下风向的位置,通过高温化学气相沉积法在衬底上制备钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒材料。本发明实现了钠掺杂于p型氧化锌,所制备的p型氧化锌纳米棒重复性好、空穴浓度高、可用于制备氧化锌基光电器件;本发明的方法简单,成本经济。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于半导体纳米材料生长以及P型掺杂技术领域,涉及一种钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒材料及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
氧化锌是一种Ⅱ-Ⅵ族直接带隙宽禁带化合物半导体材料,室温禁带宽度为3.37eV,激子结合能为60eV,在紫外、蓝、绿光发光二极管、激光器和紫外探测器方面显示了巨大的应用潜力
由于氧化锌材料本身存在大量缺陷以及非故意掺杂,使得材料本底载流子浓度较高,易形成n型氧化锌而较难实现p型氧化锌。近年来,理论计算和实验结果表明Ⅴ族元素和Ⅰ族元素都可作为p型氧化锌的受主掺杂,主要有:I族Li,Na掺杂,V族N,P,Sb等掺杂,以及其他共掺杂。但是,实现稳定、高载流子浓度的p型材料仍然存在困难。
随着纳米科学与技术的发展,光电子器件逐渐向轻量化、微型化、集成化等方向迈进,使得以半导体纳米材料为结构单元的光电子器件具有广泛的应用前景。人们对低维纳米材料的电学、光学、磁学、热学和力学性能与维度和量子限制效应相关性等方面进行了广泛而深入的研究。低维p型纳米材料组分和结构的可控合成一直是纳米技术发展过程中的一大挑战。
综上所述,实现稳定、高载流子浓度的低维p型氧化锌掺杂将能实现以氧化锌纳米材料为结构单元的光电子器件。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服钠掺杂p型氧化锌稳定性较差,空穴浓度较低的问题,提供一种钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒材料的制备方法。本发明通过化学气相沉积法,制备出钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒。该方法操作工艺简单,制备出的氧化锌纳米棒结晶性能良好,产量高,且具有较高空穴浓度,为其在光电器件方向应用奠定基础。
本发明的另一目的在于提供由上述制备方法得到的钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒材料。
本发明的再一目的在于提供上述钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒材料的应用。所述钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒材料用于制备光电器件。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒材料的制备方法,包括以下具体步骤:
(1)将氧化锌、石墨与焦磷酸钠混匀放入舟中,备用;所述舟为石英舟;
(2)将衬底进行表面预处理,采用磁控溅射法在衬底的表面溅射一层氧化锌缓冲层;
(3)将步骤(1)中装有混合料的舟和步骤(2)中表面溅射有氧化锌缓冲层的衬底放置在反应装置中,装有混合料的舟放置在载流气体上风向的位置,衬底放置在载流气体下风向的位置,通过高温化学气相沉积法在衬底上制备钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒材料。所述衬底放置在反应装置中时,溅射有氧化锌缓冲层的一面朝上。
步骤(1)中所述氧化锌与石墨的混合物与焦磷酸钠的质量比为0.2:(0.025~0.2),优选为0.2:(0.04~0.08),更优选为0.2:0.05。
步骤(1)中所述氧化锌与石墨的摩尔比为(1~5):7,优选为3:7。
步骤(1)中所述混匀优选指先将氧化锌和石墨进行混合,研磨,然后与焦磷酸钠混合均匀。所述研磨的时间为30~60min。
在进行钠掺杂时,只能采用焦磷酸钠,其他钠盐几乎没有钠掺杂。
步骤(2)中所述表面预处理是指将衬底分别用酒精、去离子水进行超声清洗,然后吹干备用。
步骤(2)中所述磁控溅射的条件为以ZnO陶瓷作为靶材,溅射功率为80W,氩气的流速为12sccm,溅射气压约0.3Pa。
步骤(2)中所述氧化锌缓冲层的厚度为20~80nm。
步骤(3)中所述装有混合料的舟处于恒温区,表面溅射有氧化锌缓冲层的衬底未处于恒温区。
步骤(3)中所述高温化学气相沉积法的具体步骤为:(a)将装有混合料的舟和表面溅射有氧化锌缓冲层的衬底放置在真空管式炉中,装有混合料的舟放置在载流气体上风向的位置并且处于恒温区,衬底放置在载流气体下风向的位置且未处于恒温区,衬底中溅射有氧化锌缓冲层的一面朝上;(b)抽真空,通入惰性气体和氧气,升温反应,随炉冷却。所述升温反应是指以不高于10℃/min的升温速率从室温升到300℃,再以不高于7℃/min的升温速率升至1000~1050℃,在1000~1050℃保持至少30min。
所述惰性气体的流量为100sccm,氧气的流量为5sccm,反应时的气压为1200Pa。所述惰性气体为氮气和/或氩气。
步骤(1)中所述石墨纯度为99.9995%,焦磷酸钠纯度为99%,氧化锌粉末纯度为99.99%,粒径为40-100nm,氧气纯度为99.999%,氮气载气纯度为99.999%。
步骤(2)中所述衬底材料为硅、蓝宝石或氮化镓。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点及有益效果:
(1)本发明采用纳米氧化锌粉体为原料,石墨粉体为还原剂,焦磷酸钠为掺杂源,通过高温化学气相沉积反应,制备出钠掺杂的p型氧化锌纳米棒,实现钠掺杂,产物的晶体的质量高;
(2)Na掺杂P型氧化锌纳米棒在氧气氛中生长,有效降低了氧化锌中施主型点缺陷浓度,有利于Na相关的受主产生,实现较好的P型导电性能;
(3)本发明提供的制备方法设备经济,操作简单,制备周期短,且原料易得;
(4)本发明制备的氧化锌纳米棒结晶性能良好,产量高,且具有较高空穴浓度。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中高温化学气相沉积法所用的装置的示意图;
图2为实施例1制备的钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒的扫描电镜图;
图3为实施例1制备的钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒的X射线衍射图;
图4为实施例1制备的钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒的TEM图;其中a、b、c为不同放大倍数的TEM图,b为a中纳米棒的高分辨图,c为纳米棒的更高分辨图,d为缺陷区域(即c中白色框对应的放大图)的放大图;
图5为实施例1制备的钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒的XPS图,其中a为全谱,b为氧谱,c为锌谱,d为钠谱;
图6为实施例1制备的钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒光致发光谱谱图(PL图);
图7为实施例1利用钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒构建的氧化锌pn同质结的I-V曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例中高温化学气相沉积法所采用的装置示意图如图1所示。所采用的装置包括管式气氛炉,气氛炉的一端设有进气口,另一端设有出气口,出气口与真空泵连接,管式气氛炉的外侧的中部设有加热装置,管式气氛炉中放置有两端开口的石英管,该石英管一部分处于加热区(即恒温区)。实施例中所采用的装置为天津中环1200℃气氛炉,型号:SK906123K。
实施例1:硅衬底上钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米材料的制备:
(1)原料准备:将摩尔比为3:7的氧化锌和石墨粉(2~15微米)混匀,研磨30min,取0.2g的混合物,加入0.05g的焦磷酸钠混合均匀,放入石英舟中;
(2)氧化锌缓冲层溅射:用磁控溅射法在洗净的硅衬底(分别用酒精、去离子水进行超声清洗,然后吹干)制备氧化锌薄膜,靶材为氧化锌陶瓷靶,腔体通12sccm氩气,溅射功率为80W,溅射时间160s,此时缓冲层厚度约为80nm;
(3)Na掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒的制备:将装有混合料的石英舟和溅射有薄氧化锌缓冲层的硅片放入两端开口的小石英管内(石英舟中混合料与硅片间的距离为16~19cm),装有混合料的石英舟位于上风方向,硅片处于下风方向;再将小石英管放入单温区管式气氛炉中(石英舟中的混合料处于恒温区,硅片未处于恒温区),放置方式如图1所示;将气氛炉抽真空到200Pa,通入5sccm的氧气和100sccm的氮气,以10℃/min的升温速率从室温升到300℃,再以7℃/min的升温速率升至1000℃,在1000℃保持30分钟,然后随炉冷却,衬底表面制备出Na掺杂P型氧化锌纳米棒。本实施例制备的Na掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒放置6个月后依然为p型导电,稳定性好。
本实施例制备的Na掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒的SEM图如图2所示。图中可以看出规则的正六边形;样品面积约为1×3cm2。
本实施例制备的Na掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒X射线衍射图如图3所示。图中最强衍射峰对应于六方纤锌矿结构ZnO的(002)晶面。
本实施例制备的Na掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒的不同放大倍数的透射电子显微镜图(TEM图)如图4所示,a、b、c、d分别为不同放大倍数的TEM图。从图4c中0.263nm的晶面间距表明纳米棒沿[002]晶向生长。
本实施例制备的Na掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒X射线光电子能谱图(XPS图)如图5,其中a为全谱,b为氧谱,c为锌谱,d为钠谱。从图5a的全谱可以得知样品中含Zn、O、Na元素;Na 1s的结合能位于1071.3eV处,对应于Na-O键,表明Na掺进氧化锌中取代了Zn的位置。
本实施例制备的Na掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒的光致发光图(PL图)如图6。从图中可知氧化锌的近紫外(380nm)发光强度明显强于缺陷(550nm)发光。Hall测试结果表明所制备的氧化锌纳米棒的空穴浓度为1.03×1017cm-3,载流子迁移率为6.78cm2/Vs。样品放置6个月后测试,其导电类型依然为p型导电,但空穴浓度下降至4.8×1016cm-3,迁移率提升为18cm2/Vs。
图7为利用本实施例制备的钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒构建的氧化锌pn同质结的I-V曲线图。同质结的构建:在实施案例1中所制备的p型氧化锌纳米棒表面溅射一层厚度约为300nm的n型氧化锌(AZO),铟(In)为p型和n型氧化锌电极。用Keithley 2450进行测试I-V测试。结果表明同质氧化锌pn结有良好的反向截止特性,正向开启电压约为2.5V,进一步证明了钠掺杂制备的氧化锌纳米棒为p型导电。
实施例2:蓝宝石衬底上钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米材料的制备:
(1)原料准备:将摩尔比为3:7的氧化锌和石墨粉(2~15微米)混匀,研磨30min,取0.2g的混合物,加入0.025g的焦磷酸钠混合均匀,放入石英舟中;
(2)氧化锌缓冲层溅射:用磁控溅射法在洗净的蓝宝石衬底(分别用酒精、去离子水进行超声清洗,然后吹干)制备氧化锌薄膜,靶材为氧化锌陶瓷靶,腔体通12sccm氩气,溅射功率为80W,溅射时间120s,此时缓冲层厚度约为60nm;
(3)Na掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒的制备:将石英舟和溅射有薄氧化锌缓冲层的蓝宝石片放入两端开口的小石英管内,装有混合料的石英舟位于上风方向,蓝宝石片处于下风方向;再将小石英管放入单温区管式气氛炉中(石英舟中的混合料处于恒温区,蓝宝石片未处于恒温区放置方式如图1所示;将气氛炉抽真空到200Pa,通入5sccm的氧气和100sccm的氮气;以10℃/min的升温速率从室温升到300℃,再以7℃/min的升温速率升至1000℃,在1000℃保持30分钟,然后随炉冷却,衬底表面制备出Na掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒。对本实施例制备的Na掺杂P型氧化锌纳米棒的进行霍尔测试,结果表明Na掺杂的ZnO纳米棒为p型氧化锌纳米棒,空穴浓度为8.1×1016cm-3,载流子迁移率为2.3cm2/Vs。
实施例3:蓝宝石衬底上钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米材料的制备:
(1)原料准备:将摩尔比为3:7的氧化锌和石墨粉共0.2g,加入0.1g的焦磷酸钠混合均匀,放入石英舟中;
(2)氧化锌缓冲层溅射:用磁控溅射法在洗净的蓝宝石衬底制备氧化锌薄膜,靶材为氧化锌陶瓷靶,腔体通12sccm氩气,溅射功率为80W,溅射时间120s,此时缓冲层厚度约为60nm;
(3)Na掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒的制备:将石英舟和溅射有薄氧化锌缓冲层的蓝宝石片放入两端开口的小石英管内,装有混合料的石英舟位于上风方向,蓝宝石片处于下风方向;再将小石英管放入单温区管式气氛炉中(石英舟中的混合料处于恒温区,蓝宝石片未处于恒温区),放置方式如图1所示;将气氛炉抽真空到200Pa,通入5sccm的氧气和100sccm的氮气;以10℃/min的升温速率从室温升到300℃,再以7℃/min的升温速率升至1000℃,在1000℃保持30分钟,然后随炉冷却。
对本实施例制备的Na掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒的进行霍尔测试,结果表明Na掺杂的ZnO纳米棒为p型氧化锌纳米棒,空穴浓度为6.1×1016cm-3,载流子迁移率为5.7cm2/Vs。
本发明提出了一种制备垂直性能良好、空穴浓度高的P型氧化锌纳米棒材料。本方法可实现氧化锌纳米棒的定向生长。所制备的材料空穴浓度高、结晶性能良好、近紫外发光峰强,有望在LED、紫外探测器件等领域实现应用。
Claims (9)
1.一种钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下具体步骤:
(1)将氧化锌、石墨与焦磷酸钠混匀放入舟中,备用;
(2)将衬底进行表面预处理,采用磁控溅射法在衬底的表面溅射一层氧化锌缓冲层;
(3)将步骤(1)中装有混合料的舟和步骤(2)中表面溅射有氧化锌缓冲层的衬底放置在反应装置中,装有混合料的舟放置在载流气体上风向的位置,衬底放置在载流气体下风向的位置,通过高温化学气相沉积法在衬底上制备钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒材料;所述衬底放置在反应装置中时,溅射有氧化锌缓冲层的一面朝上;
步骤(3)中所述高温化学气相沉积法的具体步骤为:(a)将装有混合料的舟和表面溅射有氧化锌缓冲层的衬底放置在真空管式炉中,装有混合料的舟放置在载流气体上风向的位置并且处于恒温区,衬底放置在载流气体下风向的位置且未处于恒温区,衬底中溅射有氧化锌缓冲层的一面朝上;(b)抽真空,通入惰性气体和氧气,升温反应,随炉冷却;
所述升温反应是指以不高于10℃/min的升温速率从室温升到300℃,再以不高于7℃/min的升温速率升至1000~1050 ℃,在1000~1050 ℃保持至少30min。
2.根据权利要求1所述钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中所述装有混合料的舟处于恒温区,表面溅射有氧化锌缓冲层的衬底未处于恒温区;
步骤(1)中所述氧化锌与石墨的混合物与焦磷酸钠的质量比为0.2:(0.025~0.2)。
3.根据权利要求2所述钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述氧化锌与石墨的混合物与焦磷酸钠的质量比为0.2:(0.04~0.08)。
4.根据权利要求1所述钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中所述载流气体为惰性气体和氧气;
步骤(1)中所述氧化锌与石墨的摩尔比为(1~5):7。
5.根据权利要求4所述钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述惰性气体为氮气和/或氩气;步骤(1)中所述氧化锌与石墨的摩尔比为3:7。
6.根据权利要求1所述钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述氧化锌缓冲层的厚度为20~80 nm。
7.根据权利要求1所述钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述氧化锌粉末的粒径为40-100nm;
步骤(2)中所述衬底材料为硅、蓝宝石或氮化镓。
8.一种由权利要求1~7任一项所述制备方法得到的钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒材料。
9.根据权利要求8所述钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒材料的应用,其特征在于:所述钠掺杂p型氧化锌纳米棒材料用于制备光电器件。
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