CN107179450B - A kind of microwave electric field strength measurement method and measuring device - Google Patents
A kind of microwave electric field strength measurement method and measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN107179450B CN107179450B CN201710400038.1A CN201710400038A CN107179450B CN 107179450 B CN107179450 B CN 107179450B CN 201710400038 A CN201710400038 A CN 201710400038A CN 107179450 B CN107179450 B CN 107179450B
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- G01R29/12—Measuring electrostatic fields or voltage-potential
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of microwave electric field strength measurement method and measuring devices, the measurement method includes the following steps: that the detection light for generating first laser device is divided into two bundles identical detection light, wherein a branch of detection light enters rubidium bubble, and another beam detection light enters vacuum equipment；Second laser generate coupling light enter rubidium bubble, coupling light and detect light by rubidium steep in hot atom from ground state coherent excitation to Rydberg states, and in atomic vapour room realize electromagnetically induced it is transparent；The microwave electric field that microwave source generates is applied on hot atom, another neighbouring Rydberg states are coupled on three-level EIT system, a four-level system is formed；It separately detects and determines the time difference of two-way transmitted light by analyzing the dispersion relation of two-way transmitted light from the two-way transmitted light that rubidium bubble and vacuum equipment are emitted, can be obtained microwave electric field intensity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of microwave electric field strength measurement method and measuring devices.
Background technique
2012, the Pfau study group of the Shaffer study group and Stuttgart university, Germany of Oklahoma university, the U.S.
Using Rydberg atom EIT, (Electromagnetically Induced Transparency, electromagnetism are inducted for the first time for cooperation
It is bright) and AT (Autler-Townes) division, optical frequency measurement is converted by the measurement of microwave electric field intensity, is experimentally realized
Microwave electric field measurement, the field minimum intensity measured are 8 μ Vcm-1, sensitivity is 30 μ Vcm-1Hz-1/2, it is much better than conventional dipole
Antenna microwave electric field meter.And then in 2013, they realize the survey in polarized microwave direction on original experiment basis again
Amount, polarimetry accuracy are 0.5 °.2014, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) experimentally realize from
The High-precision Microwave electric field measurement of 15GHz to 105GHz and the imaging of high-resolution sub-wavelength microwave electric field.
But according to current experiment measurement and theoretical analysis shows that, based on the microwave electric field Detection Techniques of AT division,
In the case that microwave electric field is weaker, detection light transmission peak is only in fine pits and not yet cleaves, at this time to microwave electric field
There are difficulty for detection；Detect simultaneously the width of light transparent window then by laser linewidth, cross jump broadening, shot noise and Reed
The influence of the factors such as fort atom decoherence can not realize accurate measurement to extremely weak microwave electric field.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies of the above existing technologies, purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of microwave electric field ionization meters
Method and measuring device, with the measurement for the time difference propagated by selection to detection optical dispersion and in different media, realization pair
The accurate measurement of fainter microwave electric field, structure is simple and convenient to operate, measures that accurate, feasibility is strong, and is easy to practical
Change.
In view of the above and other objects, the present invention proposes a kind of microwave electric field strength measurement method, include the following steps:
The detection light that first laser device generates is divided into two bundles identical detection light, wherein a branch of detection light enters rubidium bubble,
Another beam detection light enters vacuum equipment；
The coupling light that second laser generates enters rubidium bubble, coupling light and detect light by rubidium steep in hot atom from ground state phase
It is dry to be energized into Rydberg states, and realize that electromagnetically induced is transparent in atomic vapour room；
The microwave electric field that microwave source generates is applied on hot atom, another neighbouring Rydberg states are coupled to three-level
On EIT system, a four-level system is formed；
The two-way transmitted light being emitted from rubidium bubble and vacuum equipment is separately detected, the dispersion by analyzing two-way transmitted light is closed
System, determines the time difference of two-way transmitted light, can be obtained microwave electric field intensity.
Further, the calculation formula of microwave electric field intensity E is as follows:
Wherein, τ is the time difference of two-way transmitted light, and OD is the optical thickness of medium, and γ is spontaneous emission rate, ΩcFor
Couple the Rabi frequency of light.
Further, the hot atom is rubidium atom.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides a kind of microwave electric field strength meters, including the first photodetection
Device, rubidium bubble, first laser device, second laser, beam splitter, dichroic mirror, vacuum equipment, microwave source, shows the second photodetector
Wave device；
The direction of the launch of first laser device, second laser and microwave source is steeped towards rubidium；Microwave source is for generating microwave
Electric field；Rubidium bubble is used for the preparation of hot atom gas；Vacuum equipment is for generating vacuum environment；Beam splitter is arranged in first laser device
Between rubidium bubble, dichroic mirror setting is between second laser, the first photodetector and rubidium bubble；
The detection light that first laser device generates generates the identical Gaussian detection light of two beams after beam splitter, and two-way detects light
Pass through rubidium bubble and vacuum equipment respectively；Second laser generates coupling light and enters rubidium bubble after dichroic mirror reflects, for steeping rubidium
In hot atom from ground state coherent excitation to Rydberg states；First photodetector, for detecting by after rubidium bubble and from double-colored
The Gaussian of mirror transmission detects light；Second photodetector detects light for detecting the Gaussian after passing through vacuum equipment；Oscillography
Device, the dispersion relation measured for analyzing the first photodetector of light and the second photodetector, determine two-way transmitted light when
Between it is poor, can be obtained microwave electric field intensity.
Further, first photodetector and the second photodetector are all made of photomultiplier tube.
Further, the rubidium bubble is glass evacuated chamber, and the hot atom is rubidium atom.
Further, a length of 479nm-488nm of coupling light wave that the second laser generates.
Further, a length of 780nm of detection light wave that the first laser device generates.
Compared with prior art, a kind of microwave electric field strength measurement method of the present invention and measuring device are based on hot Rydberg
Atom and EIT slow light effect, the dispersion relation of medium when detecting application microwave electric field by crossing, measurement light pulse pass through EIT and are situated between
The time difference of matter and reference path realizes the measurement of microwave electric field intensity.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the system architecture diagram of microwave electric field strength meter of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the level structure schematic diagram of hot atom；
Fig. 3 is the step flow chart of microwave electric field strength measurement method of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below by way of specific specific example and embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the drawings, those skilled in the art can
Understand further advantage and effect of the invention easily by content disclosed in the present specification.The present invention can also pass through other differences
Specific example implemented or applied, details in this specification can also be based on different perspectives and applications, without departing substantially from
Various modifications and change are carried out under spirit of the invention.
Fig. 1 is the system architecture diagram of microwave electric field strength meter of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, a kind of microwave of the present invention
Electric field intensity measuring device, comprising: the first photodetector 1, the second photodetector 9, rubidium steep 2, first laser device 4, second
Laser 6, beam splitter 7, dichroic mirror 8, vacuum equipment 10, microwave source 5, oscillograph.
Wherein, the direction of the launch of first laser device 4, second laser 6 and microwave source 5 is towards rubidium bubble 2；Microwave source 5 is used
In generation microwave electric field；Rubidium bubble 2 is used for the preparation of hot atom gas 3；Vacuum equipment 10 is for generating vacuum environment；Beam splitter 7
Between first laser device 4 and rubidium bubble 2, the setting of dichroic mirror 8 steeps 2 in second laser 6, the first photodetector 1 and rubidium for setting
Between.
First laser device 4, the detection light for being 780nm for generation wavelength, the wavelength are the detection light of 780nm through beam splitter
The identical Gaussian detection light of two beams is generated after 7, two-way detects light respectively by rubidium bubble 2 and vacuum equipment 10；Second laser 6,
Generation wavelength is the coupling light of 480nm, and rubidium bubble 2 is entered after the reflection of dichroic mirror 8, for rubidium to be steeped to the hot atom in 2 from ground state
Coherent excitation is to Rydberg states；First photodetector 1, for detecting the Gaussian by transmiting after rubidium bubble 2 and from dichroic mirror 8
Detect light；Second photodetector 9 detects light for detecting the Gaussian after passing through vacuum equipment 10；Oscillograph, for analyzing
The dispersion relation that light the first photodetector 1 and the second photodetector 9 measure, determines the time difference of two-way transmitted light
Obtain microwave electric field intensity.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, rubidium bubble 2 be glass evacuated chamber, it is glass evacuated it is intracavitary be high vacuum, with reduce make an uproar
The influence of sound, and improve the accuracy of measurement.The hot atom gas 3 is transparent for realizing electromagnetically induced, makes by therein
Detection light group velocity slows down.In the specific embodiment of the invention, hot atom gas is rubidium (Rb) steam, preferably, rubidium bubble 2 passes through
Using the temperature of heating temperature control device control rubidium bubble, rubidium steam is heated to increase its optical thickness.
Preferably, the first photodetector 1 and the second photodetector 9 are all made of photomultiplier tube, and precision may be implemented
Measurement.
When measurement, rubidium is steeped the intermediate state of hot atom in 2 and inner by the close coupling light that generates first with second laser 6
Moral fort state is coupled into two dressed states, and hot atom does generation quantum cancellation between the channel of two dressed state energy level transitions
It relates to, results in the anti-absorption peak at atomic resonance frequency, realize that the electromagnetically induced of rubidium bubble 2 endogenous pyrogens is transparent.Hot atom provides
Normal dispersion, group's refraction coefficient ng>=1, vg≤ c, i.e. pulse propagation velocity slow down.Heat when applying microwave electric field by detection in this way
The dispersion relation of atom, measurement light pulse pass through the time difference of hot atom and reference path, microwave electric field intensity can be completed
Measurement.
Fig. 2 is the level structure schematic diagram of hot atom.In the specific embodiment of the invention, the spy of the generation of first laser device 4
Survey light is Gaussian beam, and for the coupling light that second laser 6 generates for coupling intermediate state and Rydberg states, microwave electric field will be another
Neighbouring Rydberg states are coupled on three-level EIT system, form a four-level system, which includes ground state level
5S1/2, intermediate state 5P3/2With two neighbour's Rydberg states.In Fig. 2,11 (| 0 >=5S1/2) be hot atom in state ground state, 12 (| 1
>=5P3/2) and 13 (| 2 >=53D5/2) be respectively state in hot atom intermediate state and Rydberg states, pass through the relevant of close coupling light
Intermediate state and ground state, can be coupled into two dressed states, to realize that electromagnetically induced is transparent by operation.4 ' be the detection of wavelength 780nm
Light, 6 ' be the coupling light of wavelength 480nm, and the effect for coupling light is that hot atom is energized into Rydberg states and realizes that electromagnetically induced is saturating
It is bright；14 (| 3 >=54P3/2) it is an auxiliary Rydberg states (neighbouring with Rydberg states 13)；15 be to act on 13 He of Rydberg states
The microwave electric field between Rydberg states 14 is assisted, above-mentioned S, P and D indicate that orbital angular momentum is respectively 0,1,2 intratomic state.
Fig. 3 is a kind of step flow chart of microwave electric field strength measurement method of the present invention.Microwave electric field intensity of the present invention is surveyed
The main thought of amount method is the measurement for converting the measurement of microwave electric field intensity to from the measurement of frequency dispersion relation, specific to wrap
Include following steps:
Step 401, by first laser device generate detection light be divided into two bundles identical detection light, wherein a branch of detection light into
Enter rubidium bubble, another beam detection light enters vacuum equipment；
Step 402, second laser generate coupling light enter rubidium bubble, coupling light and detect light by rubidium steep in hot atom
Realize that electromagnetically induced is transparent from ground state coherent excitation to Rydberg states, and in atomic vapour room；
Step 403, the microwave electric field that microwave source generates is applied on hot atom, another neighbouring Rydberg states is coupled to
On three-level EIT system, a four-level system is formed；
Step 404, the two-way transmitted light being emitted from rubidium bubble and vacuum equipment is separately detected, analysis two-way transmitted light is passed through
Dispersion relation determines the time difference of two-way transmitted light, can be obtained microwave electric field intensity.
Specifically, the time difference of two-way transmitted light can be provided by the group velocity of light pulse in both media.Light arteries and veins
The group velocity of punching depends on the polarization coefficient of medium, and then depends on the stiffness of coupling of microwave field and energy level, i.e. Rabi frequency
Ωc, by measuring time difference Δ t, microwave electric field intensity to be measured, the pass of microwave electric field intensity E and delay time T can be found out
System:
Wherein OD is the optical thickness of medium, and γ is spontaneous emission rate, ΩcFor the Rabi frequency for coupling light.
In conclusion microwave electric field strength measurement method of the present invention and measuring device are based on hot Rydberg atom and EIT
Slow light effect, the dispersion relation of medium when applying microwave electric field by detection, measurement light pulse pass through EIT medium and reference path
Time difference, realize the measurement of microwave electric field intensity.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1, microwave electric field measurement accuracy can be improved three to four by the measurement to transmission optical pulse dispersion relationship by the present invention
Times, so that the accurate measurement research for microwave electric field provides new technical foundation；Meanwhile it not yet being sent out completely at detection light transmission peak
It is estranged when splitting, still electric field can effectively be measured, so that making up current EIT and AT spectral measurement methods can not achieve more
The defect of small electric field measurement.
2, the present invention is suitable for pyrogen subsystem, and method is easy, it is easy to accomplish.
3, the present invention is according to characteristic possessed by Rydberg atom state itself, as the natural width of spectral line is relatively narrow, the energy level longevity
Life is long, small from High Rydberg state spontaneous transition to the probability of relatively low state, still has biggish eelctric dipole in weak electric field
Square etc. can generate stronger interaction under weaker electric field, improve microwave electric field measurement accuracy.
4, the present invention has automatic calibration function, treats the physics ruler that micrometer wave electric jamming is smaller, independent of probe
The advantages such as very little have broad application prospects and scientific research value for the epoch of current device miniaturization.
Anyone skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, repair above-described embodiment
Decorations and change.Therefore, the scope of the present invention, should be as listed in the claims.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of microwave electric field strength measurement method, which comprises the steps of:
The detection light that first laser device generates is divided into two bundles identical detection light, wherein a branch of detection light enters rubidium bubble, it is another
Beam detection light enters vacuum equipment；
The coupling light that second laser generates enters rubidium bubble, coupling light and detect light by rubidium steep in hot atom swash from ground state is relevant
Rydberg states are dealt into, and realize that electromagnetically induced is transparent in atomic vapour room；
The microwave electric field that microwave source generates is applied on hot atom, another neighbouring Rydberg states are coupled to three-level EIT system
On system, a four-level system is formed；
The two-way transmitted light being emitted from rubidium bubble and vacuum equipment is separately detected, by analyzing the dispersion relation of two-way transmitted light, really
The time difference for determining two-way transmitted light can be obtained microwave electric field intensity.
2. microwave electric field strength measurement method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the calculating of microwave electric field intensity E is public
Formula is as follows:
Wherein, τ is the time difference of two-way transmitted light, and OD is the optical thickness of medium, and γ is spontaneous emission rate, ΩcTo couple light
Rabi frequency.
3. a kind of microwave electric field strength meter, it is characterised in that: including the first photodetector, the second photodetector,
Rubidium bubble, first laser device, second laser, beam splitter, dichroic mirror, vacuum equipment, microwave source, oscillograph；
The direction of the launch of first laser device, second laser and microwave source is steeped towards rubidium；Microwave source is for generating microwave electric field；
Rubidium bubble is used for the preparation of hot atom gas；Vacuum equipment is for generating vacuum environment；Beam splitter is arranged in first laser device and rubidium
Between bubble, dichroic mirror setting is between second laser, the first photodetector and rubidium bubble；
The detection light that first laser device generates generates the identical Gaussian detection light of two beams after beam splitter, and two-way detects light difference
Pass through rubidium bubble and vacuum equipment；Second laser generates coupling light and enters rubidium bubble after dichroic mirror reflects, used in steeping rubidium
Hot atom is from ground state coherent excitation to Rydberg states；First photodetector, it is after being steeped for detection by rubidium and saturating from dichroic mirror
The Gaussian detection light penetrated；Second photodetector detects light for detecting the Gaussian after passing through vacuum equipment；Oscillograph,
The dispersion relation measured for analyzing the first photodetector and the second photodetector, determines the time difference of two-way transmitted light,
It can be obtained microwave electric field intensity.
4. microwave electric field strength meter as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: first photodetector and
Two photodetectors are all made of photomultiplier tube.
5. microwave electric field strength meter as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: the coupling that the second laser generates
Light combination wavelength is 479nm-488nm.
6. microwave electric field strength meter as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: the spy that the first laser device generates
Survey a length of 780nm of light wave.
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| CN109001137B (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2021-01-05 | 山东科技大学 | Broadband light absorption method using microwave-assisted rydberg atoms |
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| CN111637833B (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2021-07-27 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Angle measuring system and method based on electromagnetic induction transparent effect of rydberg atoms |
| GB2597260B (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2022-12-07 | British Telecomm | Electromagnetic field receiver |
| CN112098736B (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2023-09-29 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Method for measuring phase of microwave electric field |
| CN112098737B (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2023-09-29 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Method and device for measuring intensity of microwave electric field |
| CN112285444B (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2024-08-30 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Terahertz electric field measurement method, system and device |
| CN112532320B (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2022-04-01 | 湖北科技学院 | Method for generating weak light low-speed stable light solitons |
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| CN113376449B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2022-02-11 | 合肥衡元量子技术有限公司 | Low-frequency microwave electric field sensor based on rydberg atoms and detection method |
| CN114942663B (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2023-10-20 | 华南师范大学 | Current source feedback circuit based on atomic magnetometer |
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