CN107177722B - A kind of preparation facilities of high-strength high hard metal material surface gradient nano structure - Google Patents
A kind of preparation facilities of high-strength high hard metal material surface gradient nano structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN107177722B CN107177722B CN201710355200.2A CN201710355200A CN107177722B CN 107177722 B CN107177722 B CN 107177722B CN 201710355200 A CN201710355200 A CN 201710355200A CN 107177722 B CN107177722 B CN 107177722B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/04—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering with simultaneous application of supersonic waves, magnetic or electric fields
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation facilities of high-strength high hard metal material surface gradient nano structure, the workpiece (9) that high-strength high hard metal material makes is mounted on workbench (10), workbench (10) can be moved in lathe X-axis and Y direction, and then workpiece (9) is driven to be moved in lathe X-axis and Y direction, tool heads (11) and workpiece (9) are connected with the anode and cathode of high instantaneous energy density pulse power supply (1) respectively, tool heads (11) are connected to ultrasonic transducer (12) output end, tool heads (11) do ultrasonic vibration under the action of ultrasonic generator (2) along Z axis；TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE and ultrasonic wave micromechanical the impact compound action that electric pulse is formed can be such that the local microplasticity at the high-strength high hard metal material processing point such as nickel base superalloy, mould steel greatly increases, make to generate strong plastic deformation at process points, to carry out effective nanosizing to workpiece surface, surface microstructure average-size can be at 30 nanometers or less.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of material surface treatment, more particularly to a kind of high-strength high hard metal material surface gradient nano
The preparation facilities of structure.
Background technology
The crystallite dimension of metal material surface reaches nanoscale (crystallite dimension<After 100nm) can have excellent physics and
Chemical property can significantly improve synthesis performance and the service life of its parts.
Common Nanolizing method for metal material surface mainly has at laser shock method and surface machinery both at home and abroad at present
Logos.Laser shock method is the mechanics effect using high instantaneous energy density laser shock wave, is formed on metal material surface layer
Big numerical value residual compressive stress and microstructure variation, so as to obtain nanocrystal on its surface.But this method generate receive
Rice crystal layer is relatively thin, and nano-crystalline layers are usually less than 1 micron, affects the follow-up performance of material, and need in processed material
Surface increases absorbed layer and restraint layer, and the process is more complicated.Surface mechanical treatment process includes mainly high-energy shot, supersonic microparticle
Bombardment, surface mechanical attrition treatment, surface distortion, ultrasonic burnishing, mantle friction etc., these methods make material by plus load
Material surface generates strong plastic deformation and a large amount of defect, to make metal surface crystal grain refinement to nanoscale, forms one
There is layer the superficial layer of gradient nano structure, the thickness of nano-crystalline layers to improve the same of metallicity usually up to some tens of pm
When, it can avoid the difficulty for preparing bulk metal nano crystal material.Since such method is fairly simple, processing cost is low, cause
The most attention of scholars.However, existing surface mechanical processing method be mainly used for pure iron, fine copper, pure nickel, pure titanium,
The hardness such as stainless steel, magnesium alloy, aluminium alloy, titanium alloy relatively low (hardness is less than HV300), the preferable metal material surface of plasticity are received
It is prepared by rice layer.
The metal material for nickel base superalloy, mould steel etc. with higher-strength and higher hardness, only passes through surface
It is very difficult that mechanism, which makes its surface generate intense plastic strain to prepare nano-layer structure,.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a kind of high-strength high hard metal material in view of the deficiencies of the prior art
The preparation facilities of surface graded nanostructure.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of preparation facilities of high-strength high hard metal material surface gradient nano structure, including tool heads (11), height are instantaneous
The energy density pulse power (1), ultrasonic generator (2), cylinder (3), supporting rack (4), nozzle (8), rail plate (5), guide rail
Seat (7), ultrasonic transducer (12), workbench (10)；The workpiece (9) that high-strength high hard metal material makes is mounted on workbench (10)
On, workbench (10) can be moved in lathe X-axis and Y direction, and then workpiece (9) is driven to be moved in lathe X-axis and Y direction
Dynamic, tool heads (11) and workpiece (9) are connected with the anode and cathode of high instantaneous energy density pulse power supply (1) respectively, tool
Head (11) is connected to ultrasonic transducer (12) output end, and tool heads (11) do ultrasound under the action of ultrasonic generator (2) along Z axis
Vibration；Ultrasonic transducer (12) is connected on rail plate (5), and rail plate (5) is connected with the output end of cylinder (3),
Ultrasonic transducer (12) is moved with tool heads (11) along Z axis under the action of cylinder (3), and cylinder (3) exports during the work time
Air pressure can ensure that tool heads (11) are well contacted with workpiece (9).
The preparation facilities, cylinder (3) are connected with guide (6) on track base (7), track base
(7) it is bolted on supporting rack (4), supporting rack (4) is bolted on machine tool chief axis.
The preparation facilities, the nozzle (8) connect with the container equipped with coolant liquid, are used for tool heads (11) and work
Spray cooling liquid at part (9) contact point.
Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the advantages that：
1, the TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE and ultrasonic wave micromechanical impact compound action that electric pulse is formed can make nickel base superalloy, mould
Local microplasticity at the high-strength high hard metal material processing points such as tool steel greatly increases, and makes to generate strong plasticity change at process points
Shape, to carry out effective nanosizing to workpiece surface, surface microstructure average-size can be at 30 nanometers or less.
2, the synergy of electric pulse is formed TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE and the impact of ultrasonic wave micromechanical makes high-strength high hard metal table
Face plastic deformation layer's depth greatly increases, and so that the thickness of nanometer layer is increased, can reach 40 microns or more.
3, it can be completed to carry out gradient nano to metal parts complicated shape curved surface by means of numerically-controlled machine tool using this method
The preparation of structure.
4, this method is simple and reliable, and processing cost is low.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is schematic device prepared by high-strength high hard metal material surface gradient nano structure；1, high instantaneous energy is close
Spend the pulse power, 2, ultrasonic generator, 3, cylinder, 4, supporting rack, 5, rail plate, 6, guide, 7, track base, 8, nozzle,
9, workpiece, 10, workbench, 11, tool heads, 12, ultrasonic transducer；
Fig. 2 is the TEM testing result figures after nickel base superalloy surface treatment under three kinds of distinct methods；A indicates only ultrasonic
Vibration, b indicate that only Electric Pulse Treatment, c indicate high instantaneous energy density electric pulse and ultrasonic wave combined processing；
Fig. 3 is the grain size distribution figure after nickel base superalloy surface treatment under three kinds of distinct methods；A indicates only super
Acoustic vibration, b indicate that only Electric Pulse Treatment, c indicate high instantaneous energy density electric pulse and ultrasonic wave combined processing；
Fig. 4 be the crystal grain figure that obtains apart from 70 μm of places of workpiece surface after the only ultrasonic vibration treatment of nickel base superalloy with
Grain size distribution figure (distance that picture top edge to workpiece handles surface is 70 μm)；Crystalline substances of a apart from 70 μm of workpiece surface
Grain figure；Grain size distribution figures of the b apart from 70 μm of workpiece surface；
Fig. 5 is crystal grain figure and crystalline substance of the nickel base superalloy apart from 70 μm of place's acquisitions of workpiece surface after the only Electric Pulse Treatment
Particle size distribution map (distance that picture top edge to workpiece handles surface is 70 μm)；Crystal grain of a apart from 70 μm of workpiece surface
Figure；Grain size distribution figures of the b apart from 70 μm of workpiece surface；
Fig. 6 is for nickel base superalloy apart from workpiece table after high instantaneous energy density electric pulse and ultrasonic wave combined processing
The crystal grain figure and grain size distribution figure obtained at 70 μm of face (distance that picture top edge to workpiece handles surface is 70 μm)；a
Apart from 70 μm of crystal grain figure of workpiece surface；Grain size distribution figures of the b apart from 70 μm of workpiece surface；
Fig. 7 is the crystal grain figure and grain size distribution figure of untreated workpiece；A crystal grain figures；B grain size distribution figures；
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
With reference to figure 1, the preparation facilities of high-strength high hard metal material surface gradient nano structure, including tool heads 11, high wink
When the energy density pulse power 1, ultrasonic generator 2, cylinder 3, supporting rack 4, nozzle 8, rail plate 5, track base 7, ultrasound change
It can device 12, workbench 10；The workpiece 9 that high-strength high hard metal material makes is mounted on workbench 10, and workbench 10 can be in machine
Bed X-axis and Y direction movement, and then workpiece 9 is driven to be moved in lathe X-axis and Y direction, tool heads 11 and workpiece 9 respectively with
The anode of high instantaneous energy density pulse power supply 1 is connected with cathode, and tool heads 11 are threadedly attached in ultrasonic transducer 12
Output end, tool heads 11 do ultrasonic vibration under the action of ultrasonic generator 2 along Z axis.Ultrasonic transducer 12 is bolted
On rail plate 5, rail plate 5 is connected with the output end of cylinder 3, ultrasonic transducer 12 and work under the action of cylinder 3
Tool head 11 is moved along Z axis, and the air pressure that cylinder 3 exports during the work time can ensure tool heads 11 and workpiece 9 is good connects
It touches.
Cylinder 3 is connected with guide 6 on track base 7, and track base 7 is bolted in supporting rack
On 4, supporting rack 4 is bolted on machine tool chief axis.
The nozzle 8 is connect with the container equipped with coolant liquid (such as water), is used for at tool heads 11 and 9 contact point of workpiece
Spray cooling liquid.
The device utilizes the microcosmic thermal shock of high instantaneous energy density pulse power supply and cooperateing with for ultrasonic micromechanical impact
Effect, can efficiently prepare gradient nano structure in high-strength high hard metal material surface.
The work step of the device is as follows：
Step 1：High-strength high hard metal material is mounted on workbench 10, tool heads are installed, by tool heads 11 and work
Part 9 is connected with the anode and cathode of high instantaneous energy density pulse power supply 1 respectively, and tool heads 11 are threadedly attached in
12 output end of ultrasonic transducer；
Step 2：Adjusting cylinder output pressure is 500-700N, keeps tool heads 11 and workpiece 9 is good contacts, and opens height
Instantaneous energy density pulse power supply 1, ultrasonic generator 2 and nozzle 8, tool heads 11 are under the action of ultrasonic generator 2 along Z axis
(vertical direction) does ultrasonic vibration, starts to carry out high instantaneous energy density electric pulse and ultrasonic wave combined processing to workpiece surface,
Nozzle 8 is constantly to spray cooling liquid at tool heads 11 and 9 contact point of workpiece；At the same time, workpiece 9 is under the drive of workbench 10
It is moved in X-axis, tool heads 11 and workpiece 9 generate relative displacement；
Step 3：After tool heads 11 are moved to material processing boundary position, workbench 10 is repeated along Y-axis stepping certain distance
Step 2 is until whole processing terminate.
In the step 2, high instantaneous energy density pulse power supply 1 forms electric current at tool heads 11 and 9 contact point of workpiece
Density is more than 230A/mm2High instantaneous energy density pulse electric current, workpiece material surface shape of the pulse current at contact point
At instantaneous microcosmic great change high temperature, workpiece material is made to generate microcosmic momentary strong thermoplasticity dilatancy, when end-of-pulsing is being rushed
Microcosmic contraction distortion is generated under the cooling of the non-heating part metal of coolant liquid and workpiece of note, is acted on by multiple electric pulse, just
It can make surface grain refinement；The ultrasonic vibration micromechanical impact of tool heads further promotes the plastic deformation at contact point
Speed and deflection, make crystal grain be further refined, to form nano surface crystal grain layer.
Preferably, above-mentioned ultrasonic vibration frequency is 24-28KHz, and ultrasonic amplitude is 6-10 μm, and tool heads are diameter 6mm's
MG18 hard alloy, workpiece 9 are 10-15m/min along the movement velocity of X-axis, and the step-length along Y-direction is 0.1-0.3mm, reciprocal to locate
Manage 10-15 passages, electric pulse peak point current 800-1000A, electrical impulse frequency 800-1000Hz.
Fig. 2 is the TEM testing result figures after nickel base superalloy surface treatment under three kinds of distinct methods, Fig. 3 be three kinds not
With under method, the grain size distribution figure after nickel base superalloy surface treatment；The only ultrasonic vibration it can be seen from Fig. 2 and Fig. 3
Surface microstructure after processing is larger and uneven, and crystallite dimension is mainly distributed between 100-160nm, and average value is
150.5nm；The crystal grain of workpiece surface is reduced after only high instantaneous energy density Electric Pulse Treatment, and grain shape is irregular,
Crystallite dimension is mainly distributed between 50-110nm, average value 87.9nm；And high instantaneous energy density electric pulse ultrasonic wave is multiple
The crystal grain of workpiece surface is small and more uniform after conjunction processing, and crystallite dimension is mainly distributed between 15-35nm, and average value is
25.8nm。
Fig. 4 is that nickel base superalloy handles the crystal grain obtained at 70 μm of surface after only ultrasonic vibration treatment apart from workpiece
Figure and grain size distribution figure；Fig. 5 is that nickel base superalloy is handled apart from workpiece at 70 μm of surface after only Electric Pulse Treatment
The crystal grain figure and grain size distribution figure of acquisition；Fig. 6 is nickel base superalloy in high instantaneous energy density electric pulse and ultrasonic wave
The crystal grain figure and grain size distribution figure obtained at 70 μm of surface of workpiece processing after combined processing；A, b respectively represent away from
From workpiece handle 70 μm of surface crystal grain figure, with a distance from workpiece handle 70 μm of surface grain size distribution figure；A figure upper limbs are apart from work
Part handles 70 μm of surface, and every width figure is 90um or so in the size of vertical direction, it can be seen that every width picture is from upper limb to lower edge
Crystallite dimension changes in gradient；Fig. 7 is the crystal grain figure and grain size distribution figure of untreated nickel base superalloy.By above-mentioned
For Fig. 4-7 as can be seen that untreated nickel base superalloy crystallite dimension is larger, average value is 8.1 μm, only ultrasonic vibration treatment
Average grain size afterwards is 3.4 μm, and only the average grain size after Electric Pulse Treatment is 4.9 μm, high instantaneous energy density electricity
Synergistic effect, high instantaneous energy density electric pulse and crystal grain after ultrasonic wave combined processing are generated after pulse and ultrasonic wave combined processing
Average-size is minimum, is 0.71 μm, it can be seen that high instantaneous energy density electric pulse is produced with ultrasonic wave combined processing to be cooperateed with
Effect.
In addition, apart from workpiece processing 70 μm of upper surface same depth at, only high instantaneous energy density Electric Pulse Treatment it
Average grain size afterwards is more than the average grain size after only ultrasonic vibration treatment, the only high instantaneous energy density electricity of this explanation
The influence layer thickness that pulse processing generates is smaller than the influence layer thickness that only ultrasonic vibration treatment generates, and this further illustrates height
Instantaneous energy density electric pulse can integrate high instantaneous energy density Electric Pulse Treatment and ultrasound with ultrasonic wave compounding method
The advantages of processing, not only so that surface microstructure further refines, also so that the depth of crystal grain refinement layer further increases.
It should be understood that for those of ordinary skills, it can be modified or changed according to the above description,
And all these modifications and variations should all belong to the protection domain of appended claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of preparation facilities of high-strength high hard metal material surface gradient nano structure, which is characterized in that including tool heads
(11), high instantaneous energy density pulse power supply (1), ultrasonic generator (2), cylinder (3), supporting rack (4), nozzle (8), sliding are led
Rail (5), track base (7), ultrasonic transducer (12), workbench (10)；The workpiece (9) that high-strength high hard metal material makes is mounted on
On workbench (10), workbench (10) can be moved in lathe X-axis and Y direction, and then drive workpiece (9) in lathe X-axis and Y
Axis direction moves, and tool heads (11) and workpiece (9) are connected with the anode and cathode of high instantaneous energy density pulse power supply (1) respectively
It connects, tool heads (11) are connected to ultrasonic transducer (12) output end, and tool heads (11) are under the action of ultrasonic generator (2) along Z
Axis does ultrasonic vibration；Ultrasonic transducer (12) is connected on rail plate (5), the output end phase of rail plate (5) and cylinder (3)
Connection, ultrasonic transducer (12) is moved with tool heads (11) along Z axis under the action of cylinder (3), and cylinder during the work time
(3) air pressure exported can ensure that tool heads (11) are well contacted with workpiece (9)；The nozzle (8) and the appearance that coolant liquid is housed
Device connects, and is used for continuous spray cooling liquid at tool heads (11) and workpiece (9) contact point.
2. preparation facilities according to claim 1, which is characterized in that cylinder (3) is connected with peace with guide (6)
On track base (7), track base (7) is bolted on supporting rack (4), and installation is bolted in supporting rack (4)
On machine tool chief axis.
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| CN107699662B (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2019-03-29 | 宁波埃利特模具制造有限公司 | A method of improving die casting molded surface hardness |
| CN109719459A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-05-07 | 江苏福吉特管业有限公司 | A kind of surface rolling intensifying device and the method with its processing high pressure forging reducing pipe |
| CN111979511B (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2022-10-28 | 燕山大学 | Two-sided opposite vertex panel surface gradient warp device |
| CN112355138A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-02-12 | 江苏福吉特管业有限公司 | Pressure sensing feedback type ultrasonic electric pulse composite rolling processing device |
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| CN2256790Y (en) * | 1995-03-29 | 1997-06-25 | 山东工业大学 | Ultrasonic vibration-pulse discharging composite working machine |
| CN101967536A (en) * | 2010-11-01 | 2011-02-09 | 山东大学 | Process for intensifying ultrasonic vibration assisted electric spark pulse discharging surface |
| CN103008802A (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2013-04-03 | 中国石油大学(华东) | High-instantaneous-energy-density electric spark high-speed milling method |
| EP2787089B1 (en) * | 2013-04-04 | 2018-10-31 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Method and device for processing components |
| CN104531980A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-22 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | Method for improving mechanical performance and corrosion resistance of weld zone by ultrasonic and electric pulse coupling |
| CN104531979A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-22 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | Technology for refining metal surface crystal grains by electric pulse and ultrasonic coupling |
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