CN105033016A - Magnesium alloy sheet electroplastic incremental forming method - Google Patents
Magnesium alloy sheet electroplastic incremental forming method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a magnesium alloy sheet electroplastic incremental forming method and belongs to the field of metal processing. A magnesium alloy sheet is incrementally formed through a machine tool and connected with a pulse power source. The output voltage of the pulse power source is narrow-tip impact triangular wave pulse. The width of the narrow-tip impact triangular wave pulse is 60-80 microseconds. The output voltage of the pulse power source is larger than or equal to 70 V. The output frequency of the pulse power source is larger than or equal to 200 Hz. The effective value of the density of current flowing through the magnetism alloy sheet is larger than or equal to 95 A/mm<2>. When the effective value of the density of the current is larger than or equal to 95 A/mm<2>, the aluminum alloy sheet has the better forming performance, the forming limit is high, and the forming precision and quality are good. According to the magnesium alloy sheet electroplastic incremental forming method, the recrystallization temperature of the aluminum alloy sheet is lowered, and the joule heat generated by the pulse power source is little. Compared with the prior art, the magnesium alloy sheet is high in forming limit and good in forming precision and quality, and parts with the good quality can be obtained at low temperature.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal processing sectors, refer to a kind of magnesium alloy sheet Electroplastic progressive molding method especially.
Background technology
Electro plastic effect be material under the effect (comprising the electro photoluminescence such as electron irradiation, electric field, current impulse) of electricity, resistance of deformation reduce, plasticity increase a kind of phenomenon.Utilize electro plasticity effect, not only can reduce flow stress, improve the plasticity of material, improve the structure property of goods to a certain extent, heating and heat treated many deficiencies can be avoided simultaneously, reduce equipment cost.Electro plastic effect is the coefficient results of several physical such as joule heating effect, magnetic compression effect, kelvin effect and pure electro plasticity effect.The high density moving electron and the material internal atom that flow through flow of metal cross section collide, and add atom kinetic energy, thus increase material dislocation activation energy, promote dynamic recrystallization, suppress the generation of fracture hole, improve material plasticity deformability.
Plate Metal CNC Incremental Forming technology is a kind of Flexible Manufacturing Technology risen in the world soon, relate to the multi-disciplinary advanced intelligent manufacturing technologies such as mechanics, plastic forming technology, Numeric Control Technology, CAD/CAM, it is one of the study frontier in current plastic working field, processing Theory research also has great importance, obtains the concern of plastic working scholar in world wide.Plate progressive molding technology is that the luxuriant husband in Japanese scholars Songyuan City proposed in early 1990s, that a kind of computer numerical control based on " Layered manufacturing " thought is without mould process technology, by workpiece 3D shape discretization, highlight the buildup of increments forming technique of layer as machining cell.This technology eliminates the demand to particular mold, meet low cost Suresh Kumar fast rapid-result sample that is customized or new product and debug production requirement, easily be automated processing, compared with being shaped with traditional once drawing, the profiled member that curved surface is more complicated, percentage elongation is higher can be processed, machining accuracy and surface quality are all better, and development prospect is boundless.
Electro plastic effect combines with plate Metal CNC Incremental Forming technology by people gradually, there is plate Electroplastic progressive molding method, as publication number be CN102527830A patent document discloses a kind of sheet material Electroplastic progressive molding device and manufacturing process thereof.But the method has just been done some and has been improved in the lathe using method of routine, parameters in sheet forming (as electric current etc.) is not studied, due to electro plastic effect and electric current closely related, when electric current is incorrect, the forming property of plate is poor, cause that Sheet Metal Forming Limit is low, forming accuracy and forming quality poor.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of magnesium alloy sheet Electroplastic progressive molding method, the method make that the forming magnesium alloy plate material limit is high, forming accuracy and forming quality good, and the part of good quality can be obtained at a lower temperature.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides technical scheme as follows:
A kind of magnesium alloy sheet Electroplastic progressive molding method, described magnesium alloy sheet is by lathe progressive molding, described magnesium alloy sheet is connected with the pulse power, the output voltage of the described pulse power is that narrow point impacts triangular pulse, it is 60-80 μ s that described narrow point impacts triangular pulse width, the output voltage of the described pulse power is more than or equal to 70V, and the output frequency of the described pulse power is more than or equal to 200Hz, and the current density virtual value flowing through described magnesium alloy sheet is more than or equal to 95A/mm
2.
Further, the current density virtual value flowing through described magnesium alloy sheet is 95-115A/mm
2.
Further, the output voltage of the described pulse power is 70-90V, and frequency is 200-350Hz.
Further, the density peak value flowing through described magnesium alloy sheet is 950-1100A/mm
2.
Further, the output voltage of the described pulse power is 90V, and frequency is 200-250Hz.
Further, the upper surface of described magnesium alloy sheet is coated with the molybdenum disulfide powder coating of lubricate, and the thickness of described molybdenum disulfide powder coating is 0.08-0.12mm.
Further, by molybdenum disulfide powder and acetone soln according to 1g:5ml mixing and stirring, form lubricant, by the upper surface of described lubricant uniform application at described magnesium alloy sheet, described magnesium alloy sheet is placed in more than 30 minutes, ventilation, acetone soln is evaporated dry, molybdenum disulfide powder coating can be obtained.
Further, the order number of described molybdenum disulfide powder is more than or equal to 800 orders, and described acetone soln purity is more than 95%.
Further, described magnesium alloy sheet is AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet, and the thickness of described magnesium alloy sheet is 0.8-1.2mm.
Further, the speed of mainshaft of described lathe is 120-200r/min, and the tool heads diameter of described lathe is 7-9mm, and every layer of volume under pressure of described tool heads is 0.1-0.2mm, the shaping feed rate of described tool heads is 1000-1800mm/min, and single forming limit angle is less than or equal to 65 °; The described pulse power is high energy pulse power supply, and its output frequency is at 100-900Hz continuously adjustabe, and output voltage is at 30-140V continuously adjustabe.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
Compared with prior art, in magnesium alloy sheet Electroplastic progressive molding method of the present invention, when current density virtual value is more than or equal to 95A/mm
2time, the forming property of magnesium alloy sheet increases considerably, therefore can by 95A/mm
2as the threshold value of current density virtual value, after exceeding this threshold value, magnesium alloy sheet has good forming property.Therefore high, the forming accuracy of the forming magnesium alloy plate material limit and forming quality good.Present invention reduces the recrystallization temperature (225 DEG C from routine have been reduced to less than 180 DEG C) of magnesium alloy sheet, the part (part formed after magnesium alloy sheet processing) of good quality can be obtained at a lower temperature; And the output voltage of the pulse power of the present invention is width is that the narrow point of 60-80 μ s impacts triangular pulse, compared to other power supplys (dc source or the other forms of pulse power, as square-wave pulse power source etc.), the Joule heat that the pulse power of the present invention produces is few, avoid magnesium alloy sheet temperature too high after oxidation and the growing up of microcosmic crystal grain, further improve forming magnesium alloy plate material quality.Therefore magnesium alloy sheet Electroplastic progressive molding method of the present invention makes that the forming magnesium alloy plate material limit is high, forming accuracy and forming quality good, and the part of good quality can be obtained at a lower temperature.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the trend graph that the forming property of magnesium alloy sheet in magnesium alloy sheet Electroplastic progressive molding method of the present invention changes with current density virtual value;
Fig. 2 is that the metallographic structure of magnesium alloy sheet in magnesium alloy sheet Electroplastic progressive molding method of the present invention develops schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is tool heads and magnesium alloy sheet contact area schematic diagram in magnesium alloy sheet Electroplastic progressive molding method of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of magnesium alloy sheet Electroplastic progressive molding device in magnesium alloy sheet Electroplastic progressive molding method of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the output voltage waveforms schematic diagram of the pulse power in magnesium alloy sheet Electroplastic progressive molding method of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly, be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
The invention provides a kind of magnesium alloy sheet Electroplastic progressive molding method, this magnesium alloy sheet is by lathe progressive molding, and magnesium alloy sheet is connected with the pulse power, and the output voltage of the pulse power is that narrow point impacts triangular pulse, as shown in Figure 5, narrow point impacts triangular pulse width (t
i) be 60-80 μ s (preferably 70 μ s), the output voltage of the pulse power is more than or equal to 70V, and the output frequency of the pulse power is more than or equal to 200Hz, and the current density virtual value flowing through magnesium alloy sheet is more than or equal to 95A/mm
2.
Magnesium alloy sheet Electroplastic progressive molding method comprises:
1, modeling programming: utilize CAD software to set up the three-dimensional digital model of target part, then the model adopting CAM software to be set up by CAD software is discrete along short transverse, produces the machining locus in each contour aspect;
2, lubricant is smeared at the upper surface of magnesium alloy sheet;
3, arrange lathe and Pulse Electric source condition, the output voltage of the adjustment pulse power is not less than 70V; Frequency is not less than as 200Hz, makes the current density virtual value flowing through magnesium alloy sheet be more than or equal to 95A/mm
2; The value of voltage and frequency must make current density virtual value be more than or equal to 95A/mm
2, as voltage get 70V time, frequency should be greater than 250Hz, and when voltage gets 90V or more, frequency only need be greater than 200Hz;
Current density virtual value is determined jointly by the contact area of the output voltage of the pulse power, frequency and tool heads and magnesium alloy sheet, output voltage and frequency determine current effective value, and current effective value is current density virtual value divided by the contact area of tool heads and magnesium alloy sheet.Progressive molding microsecond delay, small size contact, thus make current density virtual value more easily reach threshold value.
The computational methods of current density virtual value are as follows:
Because electric current is comparatively large, use transformer to measure electric current, I=V X 80/0.1, wherein, I is the current value virtual value flowing through magnesium alloy sheet, and V is the induced voltage of oscilloscope display, and 80 is the mutual inductance of transformer, and 0.1 is transformer outer meeting resistance.
The contact area of tool heads and magnesium alloy sheet is estimated as A=π r Δ h, and wherein A is tool heads and magnesium alloy sheet contact area, and r is tool heads radius, and Δ h is the tool heads interlayer amount of feeding, as shown in Figure 3.
Current density virtual value is estimated as J=I/A, and wherein J is the current density flowing through magnesium alloy sheet, and I is the current value flowing through magnesium alloy sheet, and A is the contact area of tool heads and magnesium alloy sheet.That is, J=I/ π r Δ h.
4, start lathe, starting impulse power supply, start progressive molding; During formed machining, first ensure that tool heads completes first interlayer volume under pressure, after contacting with magnesium alloy sheet is stable, restart pulse power supply, avoids because loose contact produces electric spark;
5, after shaping terminates, lathe and the pulse power is closed; After process finishing, out of service the while of the pulse power and lathe, too early power-off should be avoided to cause magnesium alloy sheet to break, slow power-off also will be avoided to cause magnesium alloy sheet calcination.
Electro plastic effect is the coefficient results of several physical such as joule heating effect, magnetic compression effect, kelvin effect and pure electro plasticity effect, these effects are all relevant with current density, current density is more large more, and electro plastic effect is more remarkable, and the forming property of magnesium alloy sheet is better.Because power supply uses the pulse power, therefore current density uses current density virtual value (the current density root mean square in one-period, RootMeanSquare, RMS) represent, the forming property (electro plastic effect of magnesium alloy sheet) of magnesium alloy sheet uses cracking depth (FractureDepth) and forming limit angle (FormingLimitAngle) to represent in addition, cracking depth and forming limit angle larger, the forming property of magnesium alloy sheet is better.Fig. 1 gives cracking depth under different current density virtual value and forming limit angle.
By Fig. 1 (J in Fig. 1
prepresent density peak value) known, when current density virtual value is more than or equal to 95A/mm
2time, the forming property of magnesium alloy sheet increases considerably, therefore can by 95A/mm
2as the threshold value of current density virtual value, after exceeding this threshold value, magnesium alloy sheet has good forming property.Therefore high, the forming accuracy of the forming magnesium alloy plate material limit and forming quality good.Present invention reduces the recrystallization temperature (225 DEG C from routine have been reduced to less than 180 DEG C) of magnesium alloy sheet, the part (part formed after magnesium alloy sheet processing) of good quality can be obtained at a lower temperature; And the output voltage of the pulse power of the present invention is width is that the narrow point of 60-80 μ s impacts triangular pulse, compared to other power supplys (dc source or the other forms of pulse power, as square-wave pulse power source etc.), the Joule heat that the pulse power of the present invention produces is few, avoid magnesium alloy sheet temperature too high after oxidation and the growing up of microcosmic crystal grain, further improve forming magnesium alloy plate material quality.Therefore magnesium alloy sheet Electroplastic progressive molding method of the present invention makes that the forming magnesium alloy plate material limit is high, forming accuracy and forming quality good, and the part of good quality can be obtained at a lower temperature.
As a modification of the present invention, the current density virtual value flowing through magnesium alloy sheet is 95-115A/mm
2.When the current density virtual value flowing through magnesium alloy sheet is more than or equal to 95A/mm
2time, magnesium alloy sheet has good forming property, but, be limited to the power output of power supply, current density virtual value can not be infinitely great, and after forming magnesium alloy plate material performance acquires a certain degree, the requirement of processing can be met, do not need unlimited increase, in order to avoid cause energy waste.Inventor finds, when current density virtual value is 95-115A/mm
2time, can either make that the forming magnesium alloy plate material limit is high, forming accuracy and forming quality good, turn avoid energy waste.
In the present invention, be 95-115A/mm for making current density virtual value
2, the output voltage can getting the pulse power is 70-90V; Frequency is 200-350Hz.Now, the density peak value flowing through magnesium alloy sheet (is J in Fig. 1
p) be 950-1100A/mm
2.Table 1 gives the relation of output voltage, frequency, current density virtual value and density peak value.
Table 1
Preferably, output voltage is 90V, and frequency is 200-250Hz.
Inventor finds, under same current density virtual value, high voltage low frequency relative low voltage high-frequency, electro plastic effect is more obvious, and such as output voltage is 90V, and frequency is 200-250Hz and output voltage is 70V, current density virtual value when frequency is 250-350Hz is substantially equal, but the former forming magnesium alloy plate material performance is better than the latter, therefore preferably output voltage is 90V, and frequency is 200-250Hz.
At work, the metallographic structure evolution process of magnesium alloy sheet as shown in Figure 2, with 96A/mm
2under current density virtual value, drip molding carries out cutting and gets a little, sample position as shown in (a) in Fig. 2, can observe that progressive molding process starts to be shaped, starts to power up, centre, Bao district, end zone Microstructure evolution process.
In Fig. 2, (b) is the original metallographic structure of magnesium alloy sheet, is made up of the equi-axed crystal of size inequality, and mean grain size (averagegrainsize) is at about 13um; As shown in (c) in Fig. 2, for whole magnesium alloy sheet from be formed into terminate different parts sampling metallographic structure figure, representative be the process that in whole forming process, deformation temperature, strain rate and deformation extent increase gradually.Wherein:
(c1) for test specimen starts the tissue of processing part, this Some tools head starts formed machining, but do not power up, for low temperature progressive molding, work hardening and Recovery Process are greater than dynamic recrystallization and softening process, the crystal grain rotation caused due to local plastic deformation creates a large amount of deformation texture, and the slippage of basal plane and the twin of the conical surface are the main deformation mechanism of alloy cold deformation, therefore produce a large amount of twin;
(c2) tissue of electric machining part is rushed for test specimen starts to promote blood circulation, now temperature is below 180 DEG C, part original grain affects by temperature rise and starts to grow up, simultaneously, first tiny dynamic recrystallization crystal grain start to increase at grain boundaries, the twin, dislocation and the machining stress that are formed due to partial mold distortion and surface mechanical enhancement progressively disappear, but still have part twin and coarse-grain to exist;
(c3) temperature rises to about 250 DEG C, and due to the rising of temperature and the increase of deformation extent, twin disappears substantially, dynamic recrystallization crystal grain showed increased, but dynamic recrystallization is still incomplete, and crystal grain individual size gap is larger;
(c4) temperature rises to about 300 DEG C, shaping Bao district, deformation temperature is higher, deformation extent is very large, forming magnesium alloy plate material corner connection proximal pole limit value, magnesium alloy sheet deflection and section Reducing thickness also reach maximum, and dynamic recrystallization more easily carries out, obtain uniform ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructure, the crystallite dimension of more than 90% is at below 5um;
(c5) temperature remains on about 300 DEG C, and for finally shaping the tissue of part, electric pulse action time is shorter, and sheet metal deformation degree is relatively little, and dynamic recrystallization is incomplete, and therefore, relative Bao district, this part exists comparatively large grain size.
(c6) be the non-crushed element of magnesium alloy sheet near shaping end zone, all the time do not contact with tool heads, microstructure does not have great changes relative to the original metallographic of magnesium alloy sheet, crystallite dimension change is little, but create a little twin, illustrate that this region affects by contiguous deformed area and there occurs small deformation, illustrate that the heat affected area that electric pulse assists progressive molding process is very little simultaneously, this, surrounding magnesium alloy sheet rapid heat dissipation little with region, thermal center (-tre) should have relation.
When magnesium alloy sheet progressive molding, tool heads contacts with magnesium alloy sheet upper surface, need to lubricate, usually at magnesium alloy sheet upper surface coating lubricating oil, lubricating grease and equadag coating etc., but lubricating oil, lubricating grease easily produce barrier film between magnesium alloy sheet and tool heads, impact conduction; Equadag coating is poor at magnesium alloy sheet surface-clinging ability, easily causes electric arc, does not have lubrication.The present invention smears molybdenum disulfide powder coating at the upper surface of magnesium alloy sheet, and the thickness of molybdenum disulfide powder coating is 0.08-0.12mm.Operationally, press contacts magnesium alloy sheet under tool heads, the molybdenum disulfide powder coating near tool for destroying head, forms molybdenum disulfide powder, is deposited near tool heads, plays lubrication; And after molybdenum disulfide powder coating is destroyed, tool heads contact magnesium alloy sheet, can conduct electricity.Lubricant of the present invention both can not affect conduction, can play good lubricant effect again.
Molybdenum disulfide powder coating can have multiple method to obtain, preferably, by molybdenum disulfide powder and acetone soln according to 1g:5ml mixing and stirring, form lubricant, by the upper surface of lubricant uniform application at magnesium alloy sheet, magnesium alloy sheet is placed in ventilation more than 30 minutes, acetone soln is evaporated and dries, molybdenum disulfide powder coating can be obtained.In order to obtain lubricant effect better, the order number of molybdenum disulfide powder is more than or equal to 800 orders, and acetone soln purity is more than 95%.
Magnesium alloy sheet is preferably AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet, and the thickness of magnesium alloy sheet is 0.8-1.2mm.
In the present invention, the condition of work of lathe is: the speed of mainshaft of lathe is 120-200r/min, and the tool heads diameter of lathe is 7-9mm, and every layer of volume under pressure of tool heads is 0.1-0.2mm, the shaping feed rate of tool heads is 1000-1800mm/min, and single forming limit angle is less than or equal to 65 °; The pulse power is high energy pulse power supply, and its output frequency is at 100-900Hz continuously adjustabe, and output voltage is at 30-140V continuously adjustabe.
The present invention is applicable to various magnesium alloy sheet Electroplastic progressive molding device, be particularly useful for magnesium alloy sheet Electroplastic progressive molding device as shown in Figure 4, the pulse power 2, brush 4, tool heads 13, magnesium alloy sheet 17 and push-down head 19 form galvanic circle, and the part of magnesium alloy sheet near tool heads has electric current to flow through.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from principle of the present invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a magnesium alloy sheet Electroplastic progressive molding method, it is characterized in that, described magnesium alloy sheet is by lathe progressive molding, described magnesium alloy sheet is connected with the pulse power, the output voltage of the described pulse power is that narrow point impacts triangular pulse, it is 60-80 μ s that described narrow point impacts triangular pulse width, the output voltage of the described pulse power is more than or equal to 70V, the output frequency of the described pulse power is more than or equal to 200Hz, and the current density virtual value flowing through described magnesium alloy sheet is more than or equal to 95A/mm
2.
2. magnesium alloy sheet Electroplastic progressive molding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the current density virtual value flowing through described magnesium alloy sheet is 95-115A/mm
2.
3. magnesium alloy sheet Electroplastic progressive molding method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the output voltage of the described pulse power is 70-90V, and frequency is 200-350Hz.
4. magnesium alloy sheet Electroplastic progressive molding method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the density peak value flowing through described magnesium alloy sheet is 950-1100A/mm
2.
5. magnesium alloy sheet Electroplastic progressive molding method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the output voltage of the described pulse power is 90V, and frequency is 200-250Hz.
6. according to the arbitrary described magnesium alloy sheet Electroplastic progressive molding method of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that, the upper surface of described magnesium alloy sheet is coated with the molybdenum disulfide powder coating of lubricate, and the thickness of described molybdenum disulfide powder coating is 0.08-0.12mm.
7. magnesium alloy sheet Electroplastic progressive molding method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, by molybdenum disulfide powder and acetone soln according to 1g:5ml mixing and stirring, form lubricant, by the upper surface of described lubricant uniform application at described magnesium alloy sheet, described magnesium alloy sheet is placed in more than 30 minutes, ventilation, acetone soln is evaporated and dries, molybdenum disulfide powder coating can be obtained.
8. magnesium alloy sheet Electroplastic progressive molding method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, the order number of described molybdenum disulfide powder is more than or equal to 800 orders, and described acetone soln purity is more than 95%.
9. magnesium alloy sheet Electroplastic progressive molding method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described magnesium alloy sheet is AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet, and the thickness of described magnesium alloy sheet is 0.8-1.2mm.
10. magnesium alloy sheet Electroplastic progressive molding method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the speed of mainshaft of described lathe is 120-200r/min, the tool heads diameter of described lathe is 7-9mm, every layer of volume under pressure of described tool heads is 0.1-0.2mm, the shaping feed rate of described tool heads is 1000-1800mm/min, and single forming limit angle is less than or equal to 65 °; The described pulse power is high energy pulse power supply, and its output frequency is at 100-900Hz continuously adjustabe, and output voltage is at 30-140V continuously adjustabe.
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| CN106623577A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-05-10 | 贺州学院 | Wave mode hydraulic loading method |
| CN106734498A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-05-31 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of device and method that pipe is prepared with hardly possible deformation high-strength alloy sheet material |
| CN112439834A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-03-05 | 南京航空航天大学苏州研究院 | Self-resistance electric heating intelligent incremental forming method |
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