CN104775118A - Laser cladding powder presetting method - Google Patents
Laser cladding powder presetting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104775118A CN104775118A CN201510221507.4A CN201510221507A CN104775118A CN 104775118 A CN104775118 A CN 104775118A CN 201510221507 A CN201510221507 A CN 201510221507A CN 104775118 A CN104775118 A CN 104775118A
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- cladding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
Abstract
The invention discloses a laser cladding powder presetting method, and belongs to the technical field of laser cladding. The method comprises the following steps that 1, pretreatment is carried out on the surface of a workpiece to be cladded, and dust, oil dirt and corrosion on the surface of the workpiece are cleaned away; 2, the back face of the workpiece to be cladded is made to act on an even magnetic field, cladding power is evenly sprayed to the surface of the workpiece to be cladded through an electric spray gun, the cladding powder is adsorbed to the surface of the workpiece to be cladded under the action of the magnetic field, and laser cladding powder presetting is achieved. The laser cladding powder presetting method is simple, convenient to operate and suitable for non-horizontally-arranged workpieces in complex shapes, and a formed powder presetting layer is even.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of laser cladding powder pre-setting method, belong to laser melting and coating technique field.
Background technology
Laser melting and coating technique develops nearly half a century, and what early start utilized laser melting and coating technique is the U.S., and AVCO company has carried out testing first and obtaining successfully to easy-abrasion part.Britain Rolls.Royce company utilized laser melting and coating technique cladding one deck Co base alloy protecting coating on engine blade afterwards, by test cladding layer hardness and wear resistance, improved the surface property of cladding layer well.Laser melting and coating technique produces huge economic benefit.Therefore, in a lot of production field, laser cladding technology enjoys great popularity, and development potentiality is very large.
Laser melting and coating technique is the technology of material surface being carried out to modification, has been widely used in piece surface microtexture and composition improvement, to improve the performances such as its wear resistance, erosion resistance, oxidation-resistance.As one of technology most important in laser surface modification field, laser cladding technology does not restrict by body material, the cost-effective means of one of improved materials surface property, it utilizes the high-energy of LASER Light Source, given powdered alloy and matrix surface are formed complicated physical and chemical process and rapid solidification, formed at matrix surface and combine fine and close metallurgical coating.With traditional surface-coating technology, as the technology such as thermospray, plasma cladding is compared, it is little that laser melting coating has heat affected zone, and pattern of fever variable is little, cladding layer and substrate be combined into the advantages such as metallurgical binding.Laser melting and coating technique can prepare high performance top coat to save the materials such as a large amount of precious alloys, rare metal on low cost matrix, significantly reduces cost of manufacture, and this technology consumptive material is few, it is little to pollute, and belongs to green processing technologies.The industrial application such as automobile, aviation, die rolls can be widely used in, there is significant economic benefit and development potentiality.
Laser melting and coating technique has following process characteristic: 1. top layer, local is very little to the heat affecting of matrix, mainly because lasing, cladding powder and the rapid cladding of matrix.Easy realization cladding among a small circle, and workpiece is not yielding, cladding yield rate is higher.2. the distribution of cladding layer crystal grain tiny and even dispersion in the base, and cladding layer hardness is very high, and the performance such as wear-resisting and corrosion-resistant is strong.Thus greatly improve the various performances of material surface.3. time of acting on matrix of high energy laser beam is very short and cladding layer thinning ratio is low, and therefore base material fusing amount is little.If the thinning ratio of cladding layer is dropped to minimum, material surface of good performance can be obtained. thus reach the effect of low-material-consumption high yield.4. select the powder spectrum as cladding layer extensive, laser melting and coating technique is specially adapted to low melting point metal surface cladding high-meltiing alloy.5. laser melting and coating technique easily realizes automatization, and clad layer surface stable performance, cladding layer composition and thickness are all at controlled range.Just because of these features, just make laser melting and coating technique receive in material surface modifying over nearly 10 years and pay close attention to widely.
Laser melting coating probably can be divided into two large class, i.e. preset laser cladding and synchronous mode laser melting coatings by the supply mode of cladding material, wherein conventional with preset laser cladding.Preset laser cladding is cladding position cladding material being placed in advance substrate surface, and then adopt laser beam irradiation scanning fusing, cladding material adds with the form of powder, silk or plate, wherein conventional in the form of a powder.---preset cladding material---preheating---laser fusion---postheat treatment that the technical process of preset laser cladding is: base material cladding surface preparation.
In powder melting material initialization process, powder spreads often through machinery or artificial mode the surface applied at workpiece, this powder preset mode is only applicable to simple shape and the workpiece of horizontal positioned, and powder initialization layer is also uneven, directly cause laser cladding coating microtexture subsequently uneven.Therefore, be badly in need of exploitation one and be applicable to complex-shaped workpieces and preset uniform powder pre-setting method.
Summary of the invention
Simple shape is only applicable to and the workpiece of horizontal positioned for existing laser cladding powder pre-setting method, and the problem that powder initialization layer is also uneven, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of laser cladding powder pre-setting method.Described laser cladding powder pre-setting method is simple, easy to operate, and be applicable to complicated shape and the workpiece of non-horizontal placement, the powder initialization layer formed is even.
Object of the present invention is realized by following technical scheme:
A kind of laser cladding powder pre-setting method, described method steps is as follows:
(1) pre-treatment is carried out on the surface for the treatment of cladding workpiece, cleans out the dust of workpiece surface, grease and corrosion;
(2) make to treat that the back side of cladding workpiece acts on uniform magnetic field, utilize electric spray gun to treating that cladding workpiece surface evenly sprays cladding powder, cladding powder is adsorbed to and treats cladding workpiece surface under the action of a magnetic field, namely realizes laser cladding powder preset;
Step (2) described cladding powder is iron-based, Ni-based or Co-based alloy powder, and purity is greater than 99%, and size range is 200 ~ 400 orders, preferably 400 orders; The described uniform magnetic field of step (2) adopts electro-magnet or magnetic field generator to realize, and the magneticstrength scope sent is 0.95 ~ 24.0mT;
The described electric spray gun of step (2) uses voltage to be 220V, and frequency is 50Hz, and power is 450W, electric spray gun rotating speed is 3000r/min, and maximum capacity is 800mL, and maximum airflow is 180 ~ 380mL/min, jet length is 100 ~ 500mm, and electric spray gun rate travel is 10 ~ 100mm/s.
Beneficial effect
Using iron-based, Ni-based or Co-based alloy powder as cladding powder in the method for the invention, these cladding powder are magneticsubstance, can be attracted to matrix surface under the effect of externally-applied magnetic field (as magnet).The present invention adopts the preset problem that can solve the matrix cladding powder vertically placed in this way, thus makes up the deficiency that laser melting coating can only be applied to level levelling matrix, and the powder initialization layer formed is even.Present invention process is simple, cost is low and efficiency is high.Therefore, the method for the invention is with a wide range of applications aerospace and automobile etc. are industrial.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is powder initialization process schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments in detail the present invention is described in detail, but is not limited thereto.
The surface preparation mode of cladding workpiece for the treatment of used in following examples is: first, utilizes sand paper or gauze polishing to treat cladding workpiece surface, to remove oxide skin or the rust staining of workpiece surface; Then, use alcohol washes to treat cladding workpiece surface, to remove surperficial dust and grease etc.After above two-step method, clean, clean workpiece surface can be obtained.
The thickness of cladding powder initialization layer obtains by calculating, and method of calculation are as follows: the quality first calculating the cladding powder obtained within unit time and unit surface initialization layer; Then, utilize quality divided by the density of known powder, thus obtain the thickness of this powder initialization layer.
In embodiment, laser cladding powder initialization process schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1.
In embodiment, the purity of cladding powder used is greater than 99%.
Embodiment 1
First, treat cladding workpiece surface and carry out pre-treatment, obtain clean and clean workpiece surface; Then, be fixed on by workpiece on specimen mounting, apply uniform magnetic field in back of work, magneticstrength is 0.95mT; Finally, be that (powdered ingredients is 400 object iron(-)base powders: Fe 70wt.% by granularity, Mo 2wt.%, B 5wt.%, Cr 4wt.%, W 8wt.%, Ni 3wt.%, Si 5wt.%, Mn 3wt.%) load in electric spray gun, electric spray gun uses voltage to be 220V, and frequency is 50Hz, power is 450W, electric spray gun rotating speed is 3000r/min, and maximum capacity is 800mL, and maximum airflow is 180mL/min, electric spray gun distance workpiece surface is 100mm, and the rate travel of electric spray gun is 10mm/s.The iron-based powder initialization layer obtained is very even, and thickness is 40 μm/cm
2/ s.
Embodiment 2
First, treat cladding workpiece surface and carry out pre-treatment, obtain clean and clean workpiece surface; Then, be fixed on by workpiece on specimen mounting, apply uniform magnetic field in back of work, magneticstrength is 24.0mT; Finally, be that (powdered ingredients is 400 object Co-based alloy powders: Co 38.5wt.%, Ni 32wt.% by granularity, Cr21wt.%, Al 8wt.%, Y 0.5wt.%) load in electric spray gun, electric spray gun uses voltage to be 220V, frequency is 50Hz, and power is 450W, and electric spray gun rotating speed is 3000r/min, maximum capacity is 800mL, maximum airflow is 380mL/min, and electric spray gun distance workpiece surface is 500mm, and the rate travel of electric spray gun is 100mm/s.The Co-based alloy powder initialization layer obtained is very even, and thickness is 40 μm/cm
2/ s.
Embodiment 3
First, treat cladding workpiece surface and carry out pre-treatment, obtain clean and clean workpiece surface; Then, be fixed on by workpiece on specimen mounting, apply uniform magnetic field in back of work, magneticstrength is 17.4mT; Finally, be that (powdered ingredients is 400 object Co-based alloy powders: Ni 69.8wt.%, Cr 24.8wt.% by granularity, Al4.9wt.%, Y 0.5wt.%) load in electric spray gun, electric spray gun uses voltage to be 220V, and frequency is 50Hz, power is 450W, electric spray gun rotating speed is 3000r/min, and maximum capacity is 800mL, and maximum airflow is 300mL/min, electric spray gun distance workpiece surface is 300mm, and the rate travel of electric spray gun is 60mm/s.The Co-based alloy powder initialization layer obtained is very even, and thickness is 40 μm/cm
2/ s.
Embodiment 4
First, treat cladding workpiece surface and carry out pre-treatment, obtain clean and clean workpiece surface; Then, be fixed on by workpiece on specimen mounting, apply uniform magnetic field in back of work, magneticstrength is 17.4mT; Finally, be that (powdered ingredients is 200 object iron(-)base powders: Fe 70wt.%, Mo 2wt.% by granularity, B 5wt.%, Cr 4wt.%, W 8wt.%, Ni 3wt.%, Si 5wt.%, Mn 3wt.%) load in electric spray gun, electric spray gun uses voltage to be 220V, and frequency is 50Hz, and power is 450W, electric spray gun rotating speed is 3000r/min, and maximum capacity is 800mL, and maximum airflow is 300mL/min, electric spray gun distance workpiece is 300mm, and the rate travel of electric spray gun is 60mm/s.The iron(-)base powder initialization layer obtained is very even, and thickness is 80 μm/cm
2/ s.
Embodiment 5
First, treat cladding workpiece surface and carry out pre-treatment, obtain clean and clean workpiece surface; Then, be fixed on by workpiece on specimen mounting, apply uniform magnetic field in back of work, magneticstrength is 17.4mT; Finally, be that (powdered ingredients is 300 object iron(-)base powders: Fe 70wt.%, Mo 2wt.% by granularity, B 5wt.%, Cr 4wt.%, W 8wt.%, Ni 3wt.%, Si 5wt.%, Mn 3wt.%) load in electric spray gun, electric spray gun uses voltage to be 220V, and frequency is 50Hz, and power is 450W, electric spray gun rotating speed is 3000r/min, and maximum capacity is 800mL, and maximum airflow is 300mL/min, electric spray gun distance workpiece is 300mm, and the rate travel of electric spray gun is 60mm/s.The iron(-)base powder initialization layer obtained is very even, and thickness is 50 μm/cm
2/ s.
The present invention includes but be not limited to above embodiment, every any equivalent replacement of carrying out under the principle of spirit of the present invention or local improvement, all will be considered as within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a laser cladding powder pre-setting method, is characterized in that, described method steps is as follows:
(1) pre-treatment is carried out on the surface for the treatment of cladding workpiece, cleans out the dust of workpiece surface, grease and corrosion;
(2) make to treat that the back side of cladding workpiece acts on uniform magnetic field, utilize electric spray gun to treating that cladding workpiece surface evenly sprays cladding powder, cladding powder is adsorbed to and treats cladding workpiece surface under the action of a magnetic field, namely realizes laser cladding powder preset;
Step (2) described cladding powder is iron-based, Ni-based or Co-based alloy powder, and purity is greater than 99%, and size range is 200 ~ 400 orders.
2. a kind of laser cladding powder pre-setting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described cladding powder size of step (2) is 400 orders.
3. a kind of laser cladding powder pre-setting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described uniform magnetic field of step (2) adopts electro-magnet or magnetic field generator to realize, and the magneticstrength scope sent is 0.95 ~ 24.0mT.
4. a kind of laser cladding powder pre-setting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described electric spray gun of step (2) uses voltage to be 220V, frequency is 50Hz, and power is 450W, and electric spray gun rotating speed is 3000r/min, maximum capacity is 800mL, maximum airflow is 180 ~ 380mL/min, and jet length is 100 ~ 500mm, and electric spray gun rate travel is 10 ~ 100mm/s.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN105970212A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-09-28 | 贵州高峰石油机械股份有限公司 | Method and magnetizing device for assisting in laser cladding on rotating workpiece |
| CN107460479A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-12-12 | 福建工程学院 | Utilize preparation method of the laser melting coating thermal insulation composite ceramic material on silencer |
| CN108914116A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-30 | 山东大学 | A kind of method that laser melting coating assists electric jet stream deposition technique progress powder preset |
| CN110438495A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2019-11-12 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of powdering method and device for laser melting coating |
| CN112064010A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-12-11 | 张国华 | Preparation process of channel-like metal surface cladding layer |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105970212A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-09-28 | 贵州高峰石油机械股份有限公司 | Method and magnetizing device for assisting in laser cladding on rotating workpiece |
| CN107460479A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-12-12 | 福建工程学院 | Utilize preparation method of the laser melting coating thermal insulation composite ceramic material on silencer |
| CN108914116A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-30 | 山东大学 | A kind of method that laser melting coating assists electric jet stream deposition technique progress powder preset |
| CN110438495A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2019-11-12 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of powdering method and device for laser melting coating |
| CN112064010A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-12-11 | 张国华 | Preparation process of channel-like metal surface cladding layer |
| CN112064010B (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2022-07-19 | 安徽恒意硬面工程股份有限公司 | Preparation process of channel-like metal surface cladding layer |
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