CN107167920B - High-brightness holographic waveguide display device - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B27/0103—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/32—Holograms used as optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/1226—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths involving surface plasmon interaction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B27/0103—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements
- G02B2027/0105—Holograms with particular structures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0132—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising binocular systems
- G02B2027/0134—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising binocular systems of stereoscopic type
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0174—Head mounted characterised by optical features holographic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
- G03H1/2202—Reconstruction geometries or arrangements
- G03H2001/2223—Particular relationship between light source, hologram and observer
- G03H2001/2226—Edge lit holograms
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-brightness holographic waveguide display device, which comprises a micro display, a collimating mirror, a waveguide, an in-coupler and an out-coupler holographic grating, wherein the micro display is arranged on the micro display; the input coupler comprises a top layer volume holographic grating and a bottom layer volume holographic grating, and the top layer volume holographic grating and the output coupling volume holographic grating are closely connected to two ends of the first surface of the waveguide; the bottom layer body holographic grating is closely connected to the second surface of the waveguide and is positioned below the top layer body holographic grating; the top layer volume holographic grating and the bottom layer volume holographic grating both perform Bragg diffraction on incident beams, enter the waveguide, and propagate in the waveguide in a total reflection mode until being diffracted and output by the out-coupling volume holographic grating. Compared with the prior art, the invention can ensure that the spectral bandwidth is increased and the display brightness of the holographic waveguide display device is improved on the premise of not reducing the peak diffraction efficiency of the volume holographic grating.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to waveguide display devices, and more particularly, to a high-brightness holographic waveguide display device.
Background
A holographic waveguide display device belongs to the technical field of head-wearing enhancement, and the key technology of the device is that a holographic optical element replaces a traditional optical element to serve as a waveguide coupler to form a wearable imaging system with high integration level.
In the prior art, a piece of holographic grating is used as a holographic waveguide structure of an out-coupler and an in-coupler respectively, so that the exit pupil brightness of holographic waveguide display equipment is too low due to the angle selectivity and wavelength selectivity of the piece of holographic grating, and the requirement of an augmented reality system on the virtual image brightness cannot be met.
In addition, a structure that the incoupling end is a double-sided volume holographic grating is also proposed, and the scheme is to increase the display brightness by adding a deviation angle to the inclination angle of the incoupling end volume holographic grating, but this way will cause more stray light, and when the deviation angle is larger, the color crosstalk problem is more serious for color display, and at the same time, the gain for brightness is smaller, and the requirement of the augmented reality system for the virtual image brightness cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: to solve the disadvantages of the prior art, a high-brightness holographic waveguide display device is provided, which can enlarge the spectral bandwidth and increase the display brightness without reducing the peak efficiency of the volume holographic grating.
The technical scheme is as follows: a high-brightness holographic waveguide display device comprises a micro display, a collimating mirror, a waveguide, an in-coupler and an out-coupling volume holographic grating, wherein the in-coupler and the out-coupling volume holographic grating are respectively and closely connected to two ends of the surface of the waveguide, and the waveguide comprises a first surface and a second surface; the micro display loads an image and emits divergent light carrying image information outwards, the divergent light is changed into parallel light after passing through the collimating mirror, and the parallel light is vertically incident on the input coupler, is diffracted by the input coupler and enters the waveguide; in the waveguide, the light propagates in a total reflection mode until being diffracted and output by the out-coupling body holographic grating; the in-coupler comprises a top layer volume holographic grating and a bottom layer volume holographic grating; the top layer holographic grating and the outcoupling body holographic grating are closely connected to two ends of the first surface S1 of the waveguide, and the bottom layer holographic grating is closely connected to the second surface S2 of the waveguide and is positioned below the top layer holographic grating;
the Bragg wavelength of the top layer volume holographic grating is lambda + △ lambda1The Bragg wavelength of the bottom layer volume holographic grating is lambda + △ lambda2The Bragg wavelength of the out-coupling volume holographic grating is lambda, wherein lambda is the wavelength of incident light, and △ lambda1×△λ2≤0，|△λ1-△λ2The value range of | is 0 nm-20 nm.
The bottom holographic grating enables the vertically incident parallel light to generate Bragg diffraction, and a part of diffraction light enters the waveguide and is transmitted in the waveguide in a total reflection mode; and a part of the diffracted light is vertically incident to the top layer body holographic grating through the waveguide and is Bragg-diffracted by the top layer body holographic grating, wherein a part of the diffracted light enters the waveguide and propagates in the waveguide in a total reflection mode.
Wherein, the top layer body holographic grating is a reflection type body holographic grating, and the thickness of the top layer body holographic grating is 3 um-15 um. The bottom body holographic grating is a reflection type body holographic grating, and the thickness of the bottom body holographic grating is 3-10 um. The out-coupling body holographic grating is a reflection type body holographic grating, and the thickness of the out-coupling body holographic grating is 3 um-15 um.
The top layer holographic grating, the bottom layer holographic grating and the outcoupling body holographic grating are monochromatic body holographic gratings. The top layer holographic grating, the bottom layer holographic grating and the outcoupling body holographic grating are multiplexing body holographic gratings. The top layer volume holographic grating, the bottom layer volume holographic grating and the outcoupling volume holographic grating are multilayer volume holographic gratings.
Wherein, the grating inclination angle of the top layer holographic grating
Equal to the grating tilt angle of the underlying volume holographic grating
And the grating inclination angle of the out-coupling volume holographic grating
Satisfy the requirement of
And is
The range of 22 degrees to 30 degrees.
Wherein, the waveguide can be a flat waveguide or a free-form surface waveguide.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention ensures that incident parallel light is firstly diffracted by the bottom layer holographic grating, the rest light is diffracted by the top layer holographic grating again, two beams of light obtained by diffraction enter the waveguide and are propagated to the outcoupling end in a total reflection mode, so that the waveguide system can increase the spectral bandwidth of the incoupling end and improve the display brightness of the outcoupling end while ensuring that the peak diffraction efficiency corresponding to the incident light (the central wavelength is lambda) is not reduced, and the problem of insufficient display brightness of the conventional common holographic waveguide structure is solved
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art holographic waveguide display;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a simplified enlarged view at A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a simulation of FEM at the incoupling end of the inventive structure;
fig. 5 is a graph of wavelength versus diffraction efficiency of an in-coupler for a prior art structure and a structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a prior art holographic waveguide display device includes a microdisplay 101, a collimating mirror 102, a waveguide 103, an in-coupler holographic grating 104, and an out-coupler holographic grating 105. A micro display 101 of the device emits divergent light carrying image information, the divergent light is converted into parallel light after passing through a collimating mirror 102, the parallel light is vertically incident on an in-coupling body holographic grating through a waveguide, diffracted light formed by diffraction of the in-coupling body holographic grating enters the waveguide 103, and the diffracted light is propagated in the waveguide in a total reflection mode until being diffracted by an out-coupling body holographic grating to output parallel light which enters human eyes 106. Since the diffraction efficiency of the volume holographic grating is higher and the diffraction bandwidth is narrower, the peak efficiency of the volume holographic grating is improved, and the diffraction bandwidth is narrower, so that the image display brightness of the out-coupling end light is insufficient, and the observation of human eyes is affected.
As shown in fig. 2, a high brightness holographic waveguide display device of the present invention includes a micro-display 201, a collimating mirror 202, a bottom volume holographic grating 203, a waveguide 204, a top volume holographic grating 205, and an outcoupling volume holographic grating 206. Wherein the waveguide comprises a first surface S1 and a second surface S2; the top layer holographic grating and the out-coupling body holographic grating are respectively in close contact with two ends of the first surface S1 of the waveguide; the bottom layer holographic grating is closely connected to the second surface S2 of the waveguide and is located below the top layer holographic grating. The bottom layer volume holographic grating 203 and the top layer volume holographic grating 205 constitute an incoupler. The micro display is positioned at the focal length of the collimating mirror, and the central line of the micro display is coaxial with the central lines of the collimating mirror, the bottom layer body holographic grating and the top layer body holographic grating.
Wherein the Bragg wavelength of the top layer volume holographic grating is lambda + △ lambda1The Bragg wave of the bottom layer volume holographic grating is lambda + △ lambda2The Bragg wavelength of the outcoupling volume holographic grating is λ, where λ is the wavelength of the incident light, and △ λ1×△λ2≤0，|△λ1-△λ2The value range of | is 0 nm-20 nm. The top layer holographic grating, the bottom layer holographic grating and the outcoupling body holographic grating can be reflection type body holographic gratings, and the thicknesses of the reflection type body holographic gratings are respectively 3 um-15 um, 3 um-10 um and 3 um-15 um.
In addition, the top layer volume holographic grating, the bottom layer volume holographic grating and the outcoupling volume holographic grating can be monochromatic volume holographic gratings, multiplexed volume holographic gratings or multilayer volume holographic gratings.
The diffraction principle of the device is as follows:
the micro-display loads an image, emits diverging light L20 carrying image information outwards, the diverging light L20 becomes parallel light L21 after passing through a collimating mirror, the parallel light L21 is vertically incident on the underlying holographic grating 203 and is Bragg-diffracted by the underlying holographic grating to output diffracted light, wherein a part of the diffracted light L22 enters the waveguide 204 and propagates in the waveguide in a form of total reflection until being diffracted and output by the out-coupling holographic grating 206; part of the rest diffracted light is vertically incident on the top layer holographic grating 205 through the waveguide, is diffracted by the top layer volume holographic grating to output diffracted light L23, and the diffracted light L23 enters the waveguide, propagates in the waveguide in a total reflection mode until being diffracted and output by the outcoupling volume holographic grating. The parallel light L24 diffracted out by the outcoupling volume holographic grating enters the human eye 207.
Fig. 3 is a simplified enlarged view at a in fig. 2. As shown in fig. 3, the divergent light carrying the image information passes through the collimating mirror to form parallel light, and the parallel light is perpendicularly incident to the substrate bodyAn information grating for diffracting parallel light by the substrate holographic grating to obtain-1 st order diffraction light T-1Entering the waveguide; its 0 th order diffraction light T0Vertically incident on the top holographic grating through the waveguide, the top holographic grating pair T0Light is diffracted, and-1 st order diffraction light R of the light is-1Entering the waveguide; bottom layer holographic grating-1 st order diffraction light T-1And top layer volume holographic grating-1 st order diffraction light R-1Propagating in the waveguide in the form of total reflection.
As shown in fig. 4, a FEM simulation result diagram of the incoupling end of the structure of the present invention shows that: parallel light vertically enters the bottom layer holographic grating and is Bragg-diffracted by the bottom layer holographic grating to output diffracted light, wherein a part of the diffracted light enters the waveguide; and the other part of the diffracted light vertically enters the top layer body holographic grating through the waveguide, is diffracted by the top layer body holographic grating, and outputs the diffracted light to enter the waveguide to be transmitted in the waveguide in a total reflection mode. The simulation results are consistent with the theoretical results of fig. 3.
In this example: the thickness of the top layer holographic grating is 5um, the bragg wavelength is 532nm +6nm, the grating tilt angle is 22.5 °, and the top layer holographic grating is tightly attached to the waveguide as shown in fig. 2.
The thickness of the substrate holographic grating is 5um, the Bragg wavelength is 532nm-6nm, the tilt angle of the grating is 22.5 degrees, and the grating is closely connected with the lower part of the waveguide, as shown in figure 2.
The thickness of the out-coupling volume holographic grating is 5um, the Bragg wavelength is 532nm, the tilt angle of the grating is-22.5 degrees, and the grating is tightly connected above the waveguide, as shown in FIG. 2.
The center wavelength of the incident light was 532 nm.
The waveguide is a slab waveguide, the thickness of the slab waveguide can be 1 mm-5 mm, the material is optical glass or optical plastic or other materials, and the invention is not limited.
The diffraction efficiency function D (λ) of the in-coupler is:
D(λ)＝DT,-1(λ)+DT,0(λ)×DR,-1(λ)
wherein D isT,-1(lambda) is the-1 st order diffracted light T of the underlying volume holographic grating-1Diffraction efficiency function of DT,0(λ) is the 0 th order diffraction light T of the underlayer volume holographic grating0Diffraction efficiency function of DR,-1(lambda) is the top layer reflective volume holographic grating-1 st order diffracted light R-1As a function of the diffraction efficiency of (c).
The system relative in-coupling luminance is defined as:
where I (λ) is the luminance function of the display and D (λ) is the diffraction efficiency function of the in-coupler.
As can be seen from the wavelength and diffraction dependence plots for the prior art and inventive examples of the in-coupler shown in fig. 5, the spectral bandwidth increased from 20nm to 35nm without a corresponding decrease in peak efficiency.
Through calculation, the relative in-coupling brightness of the structure is improved by 72.27% on the basis of the prior structure shown in FIG. 1; in combination with the outcoupling end consideration, the total coupling brightness of the system is improved by 22.6% over the prior art structure shown in fig. 1.
Claims (8)
1. A high-brightness holographic waveguide display device comprises a micro display, a collimating mirror, a waveguide, an in-coupler and an out-coupling volume holographic grating, wherein the in-coupler and the out-coupling volume holographic grating are respectively and closely connected to two ends of the surface of the waveguide, and the waveguide comprises a first surface and a second surface; the micro display loads an image and emits divergent light carrying image information outwards, the divergent light is changed into parallel light after passing through the collimating mirror, and the parallel light is vertically incident on the input coupler, is diffracted by the input coupler and enters the waveguide; in the waveguide, the light propagates in a total reflection mode until being diffracted and output by the out-coupling body holographic grating; the method is characterized in that: the in-coupler comprises a top layer volume holographic grating and a bottom layer volume holographic grating; the top layer holographic grating and the outcoupling body holographic grating are closely connected to two ends of the first surface S1 of the waveguide, and the bottom layer holographic grating is closely connected to the second surface S2 of the waveguide and is positioned below the top layer holographic grating;
the Bragg wavelength of the top layer volume holographic grating is lambda + delta lambda1The Bragg wavelength of the bottom layer volume holographic grating is lambda + delta lambda2The Bragg wavelength of the out-coupling volume holographic grating is lambda, wherein lambda is the wavelength of incident light, and delta lambda is1×Δλ2≤0，|Δλ1-Δλ2The value range of | is 0 nm-20 nm; the grating inclination angle of the top layer volume holographic grating
Equal to the grating tilt angle of the underlying volume holographic grating
And the grating inclination angle of the out-coupling volume holographic grating
Satisfy the requirement of
And is
The range of (A) is 22-30 degrees;
the bottom holographic grating enables the vertically incident parallel light to generate Bragg diffraction, and a part of diffraction light enters the waveguide and is transmitted in the waveguide in a total reflection mode; part of the diffracted light vertically enters the top layer body holographic grating through the waveguide and is Bragg-diffracted by the top layer body holographic grating, and part of the diffracted light enters the waveguide and is transmitted in the waveguide in a total reflection mode;
the diffraction efficiency function D (λ) of the in-coupler is:
D(λ)＝DT,-1(λ)+DT,0(λ)×DR,-1(λ)
wherein D isT,-1(lambda) is the-1 st order diffracted light T of the underlying volume holographic grating-1Diffraction efficiency function of DT,0(λ) is the 0 th order diffraction light T of the underlayer volume holographic grating0Diffraction efficiency function of DR,-1(lambda) is the top layer reflective volume holographic grating-1 st order diffracted light R-1As a function of the diffraction efficiency of (c).
2. A high brightness holographic waveguide display of claim 1, in which: the top layer body holographic grating is a reflection type body holographic grating, and the thickness of the top layer body holographic grating is 3-15 um.
3. A high brightness holographic waveguide display of claim 1, in which: the bottom body holographic grating is a reflection type body holographic grating, and the thickness of the bottom body holographic grating is 3-10 um.
4. A high brightness holographic waveguide display of claim 1, in which: the out-coupling body holographic grating is a reflection type body holographic grating, and the thickness of the out-coupling body holographic grating is 3 um-15 um.
5. A high brightness holographic waveguide display of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the top layer holographic grating, the bottom layer holographic grating and the outcoupling body holographic grating are monochromatic body holographic gratings.
6. A high brightness holographic waveguide display of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the top layer holographic grating, the bottom layer holographic grating and the outcoupling body holographic grating are multiplexing body holographic gratings.
7. A high brightness holographic waveguide display of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the top layer volume holographic grating, the bottom layer volume holographic grating and the outcoupling volume holographic grating are multilayer volume holographic gratings.
8. A high brightness holographic waveguide display of claim 1, in which: the waveguide may be a slab waveguide or a free-form surface waveguide.
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| CN107479128A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2017-12-15 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Backlight module and display device |
| CN107621673B (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2019-12-31 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Light source module and display device |
| CN107966819A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-04-27 | 北京灵犀微光科技有限公司 | Waveguide display device |
| FI129084B (en) | 2018-02-06 | 2021-06-30 | Dispelix Oy | Diffractive display element with grating mirror |
| CN108363137A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-08-03 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Display device |
| DE102018115574A1 (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2020-01-02 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Lighting device for vehicles |
| CN109116566B (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-08-04 | 北京理工大学 | Near-to-eye display device |
| DE102019102586A1 (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2020-08-06 | tooz technologies GmbH | Light guide arrangement, imaging optics, head-mounted display and method for improving the imaging quality of an imaging optics |
| DE102019206363B3 (en) * | 2019-05-03 | 2020-07-09 | Audi Ag | Motor vehicle with a device for color-dependent detection of image content and a computing device |
| CN112180594A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2021-01-05 | 杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司 | Holographic waveguide display device |
| EP3998506B1 (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2024-09-11 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Near-eye display device, augmented reality glasses including same, and operating method therefor |
| CN110471185A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-19 | 瑞声通讯科技(常州)有限公司 | Waveguide augmented reality display device |
| CN110908125A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-03-24 | 杭州光粒科技有限公司 | Display device based on waveguide |
| EP3896529B1 (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2024-08-28 | Kaunas University of Technology | Fabrication method of holographic security label |
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| CN111830715A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-10-27 | 谷东科技有限公司 | Waveguide display device with two-dimensional extended pupil and augmented reality display equipment |
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