CN114137650A - Diffraction optical waveguide device with zero-order light recycling function - Google Patents
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
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- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
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- G02B27/0103—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
- G02B6/0026—Wavelength selective element, sheet or layer, e.g. filter or grating
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
- G02B6/0053—Prismatic sheet or layer; Brightness enhancement element, sheet or layer
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
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- G02B2027/0174—Head mounted characterised by optical features holographic
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Abstract
The invention discloses a diffraction optical waveguide device with zero-order light recycling function, which comprises an optical engine, a waveguide, an in-coupling grating, an exit pupil expansion grating, an out-coupling grating and a zero-order recycling mechanism, wherein the in-coupling grating, the exit pupil expansion grating, the out-coupling grating and the zero-order recycling mechanism are all positioned on the waveguide, and the diffraction optical waveguide device comprises: an incoupling grating for coupling light emitted from the optical engine into the waveguide; and the zero-order recovery mechanism is arranged opposite to the coupling grating and is used for converting the zero-order light transmitted into the waveguide by the coupling grating into the light parallel to the T + 1-order light or the T-1-order light, and the T + 1-order light or the T-1-order light and the converted zero-order light are totally reflected and transmitted in the waveguide, expanded by the exit pupil expansion grating and coupled out by the coupling grating. The device can recycle and utilize zero-order light coupled into the grating so as to greatly improve the utilization rate of light energy, thereby improving the brightness and the imaging quality of the whole diffraction light waveguide display system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of display, and particularly relates to a diffraction optical waveguide device with a zero-order light recycling function.
Background
Augmented Reality (AR) or Mixed Reality (MR) display systems integrate an optical engine, employing a transparent or semi-transparent optical waveguide to transmit and reproduce the image generated by the optical engine and present it to the user. Thus, the user can see a virtual-real combined scene to give it wearability, vestibular, and visual immersion and social attributes, can be used for head-mounted displays (HMD), heads-up displays (HUD), and other wearable glasses devices, and the like.
The display system mainly comprises two parts, namely an optical engine which mainly uses LCOS, MicroLED, DLP or MEMs and the like as image sources and obtains collimated polarized or unpolarized incident light (namely the image sources) after passing through an imaging optical system; and the other is an image expansion system based on optical waveguide, which is used for expanding the image source input by the optical engine so as to obtain a large-size high-resolution image. By using diffractive optical elements, such as Surface Relief Gratings (SRG) or Volume Holographic Gratings (VHG), the image source is coupled into the optical waveguide at an angle and propagates within the waveguide based on the principle of total reflection, after which a two-dimensional exit pupil expansion is performed. Diffraction angle theta of through-time diffracted beam1The following conditions are satisfied:
θ1≥sin-1(1/n) (1)
where n is the refractive index of the waveguide.
When the incoupling grating satisfies the condition (1), the period p is generally in the wavelength or sub-wavelength order (200nm to 500nm), at this time, the main diffraction order is generally in the 0 order and ± 1 order, and the +1 order (or-1 order) is generally applied as the incoupling order, and the total reflection transmission is performed in the optical waveguide and finally the incoupling is coupled out from the outcoupling grating region, whereas the-1 order and the +1 order have strict order symmetry, and the diffraction efficiency and the diffraction angle (such as a binary rectangular grating) are the same, but the transmission direction is opposite, and the 0 order diffraction angle is the same as the angle of the light beam emitted from the optical engine, and the 0 order diffraction angle and the angle of the light beam emitted from the optical engine are generally directly coupled out from the lower surface of the optical waveguide, so that for the incoupling grating in the wavelength or sub-wavelength order, only the +1 order is effectively utilized, and the 0 order and the-1 order are not utilized, as shown in fig. 1. Especially for binary gratings, to ensure uniformity of efficiency under different viewing angles, the average efficiency is reduced, as shown in fig. 2, typically the average coupling efficiency of the T +1 order is about 10% (the average efficiency of the T-1 order is the same as the T +1 order, and the curves of the T-1 order and the T +1 order are coincident in the figure), and the average coupling efficiency of the T0 order is about 80%. Therefore, for the light field entering the binary coupling-in grating from the optical engine, the utilization rate is only about 10%, and about 90% of the light energy of the T-1 and T0 orders is wasted, so that if the light field is recycled, the coupling efficiency of the diffraction light waveguide display system can be effectively improved, the brightness of the whole coupled light field is enhanced, and the imaging quality is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a diffractive optical waveguide device having a function of recycling zero-order light, which can recycle and utilize the zero-order light coupled into a grating, so as to greatly improve the light energy utilization rate, thereby improving the brightness and the imaging quality of the whole diffractive optical waveguide display system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a diffraction optical waveguide device with zero-order light recycling function, which comprises an optical engine, a waveguide, an incoupling grating, an exit pupil expansion grating, an outcoupling grating and a zero-order recycling mechanism, wherein the incoupling grating, the exit pupil expansion grating, the outcoupling grating and the zero-order recycling mechanism are all positioned on the waveguide, and the diffraction optical waveguide device comprises:
an incoupling grating for coupling light emitted from the optical engine into the waveguide;
and the zero-order recovery mechanism is arranged opposite to the coupling grating and is used for converting the zero-order light transmitted into the waveguide by the coupling grating into the light parallel to the T + 1-order light or the T-1-order light, and the T + 1-order light or the T-1-order light and the converted zero-order light are totally reflected and transmitted in the waveguide, expanded by the exit pupil expansion grating and coupled out by the coupling grating.
Preferably, the incoupling grating is a surface relief grating or a volume holographic grating.
Preferably, the surface relief grating is one of a binary rectangular grating, an inclined grating, a blazed grating and a triangular grating.
Preferably, the zero-order recycling mechanism is a diffraction grating having the same period as the incoupling grating.
Preferably, the period of the incoupling grating is in the wavelength or sub-wavelength range, and the diffraction grating is coated with a reflecting film.
Preferably, the diffraction grating is one of a tilted grating, a rectangular grating, a blazed grating, a columnar grating, and a super-surface grating.
Preferably, the zero-order recovery mechanism comprises a rectangular prism groove and a high-reflection film, wherein the rectangular prism groove is formed in the waveguide, and the high-reflection film is attached to the inclined surface of the rectangular prism groove.
Preferably, the angle β between the slope of the rectangular prism groove and the slab surface of the waveguide is θ/2, where θ is the diffraction angle of the T +1 order light coupled into the grating.
Preferably, the zero-order recycling mechanism further comprises a right-angle prism, and an inclined surface of the right-angle prism is attached to the high-reflection film.
Preferably, the high-reflective film comprises Ta2O5 film layers and SiO2 film layers stacked alternately.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: by applying the zero-order recovery mechanism, the zero-order light coupled into the grating is recovered and utilized, so that the light energy utilization rate of the optical engine is greatly improved, and the brightness and the imaging quality of the whole diffraction light waveguide display system are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic optical path diagram of a diffraction light waveguide device in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a graph of diffraction efficiency for different diffraction orders and incident angles in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first viewing angle structure of the diffractive optical waveguide device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second viewing angle configuration of a diffractive optical waveguide device in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a third perspective structure of a diffractive light waveguide apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an optical path according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the incident angle and the diffraction efficiency of the R +1 order light according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an optical path according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the incident angle and the reflectivity under two different polarizations of light according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 10. an optical engine; 20. a waveguide; 30. coupling in a grating; 40. a zero-order recovery mechanism; 50. an exit pupil expansion grating; 60. the grating is coupled out.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It is to be noted that, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in the description of the present application herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 3 to 7, a diffractive optical waveguide device with zero-order light recycling function includes an optical engine, a waveguide, an in-coupling grating, an exit pupil expansion grating, an out-coupling grating, and a zero-order recycling mechanism, all of which are located on the waveguide, wherein:
an incoupling grating for coupling light emitted from the optical engine into the waveguide;
and the zero-order recovery mechanism is arranged opposite to the coupling grating and is used for converting the zero-order light transmitted into the waveguide by the coupling grating into the light parallel to the T + 1-order light or the T-1-order light, and the T + 1-order light or the T-1-order light and the converted zero-order light are totally reflected and transmitted in the waveguide, expanded by the exit pupil expansion grating and coupled out by the coupling grating.
The light emitted from the optical engine 10 may be polarized light, such as P light, S light, or circularly polarized light, or may be unpolarized light. In this embodiment, the waveguide 20 has a first plate surface and a second plate surface opposite to each other, the incoupling grating 30, the exit pupil expansion grating 50, and the outcoupling grating 60 are all located on the first plate surface of the waveguide 20, the zero-order recycling mechanism 40 is located on the second plate surface of the waveguide 20, and the zero-order recycling mechanism 40 is disposed opposite to the incoupling grating 30. As shown in fig. 6, T +1 order light coupled into the grating 30 is transmitted by total reflection in the waveguide 20, the light reflected to the first plate surface is denoted as L1, the T0 order light (i.e., zero order light) coupled into the grating 30 is converted into R +1 order light by using the zero-order recycling mechanism 40, and then the R +1 order light is reflected to the first plate surface of the waveguide 20 at a specific angle, the light reflected to the first plate surface is denoted as L1, the specific angle ensures that the light L1 and the light L0 are parallel, and then the T +1 order light and the R +1 order light are transmitted by total reflection in the waveguide 20, and finally the T +1 order light and the R +1 order light are expanded by the exit pupil expansion grating 50 and then coupled out by the coupling grating 60. The exit pupil expansion grating 50 can be used to increase the field angle of the image source and reduce the size of the waveguide 20, and two-dimensional exit pupil expansion can be performed directly with a two-dimensional grating or by using two exit pupil expansion gratings symmetrically placed on both sides of the in-coupling grating and combining the out-coupling grating to implement two-dimensional exit pupil expansion. By applying a zero-order recycling mechanism, T0-level light coupled into the grating is recycled and utilized, so that the light energy utilization rate of the optical engine is greatly improved, and the brightness and the imaging quality of the whole diffraction light waveguide display system are improved.
It will be readily appreciated that the formation of collimated polarized or unpolarized incident light (i.e., image source) by the optical engine 10 is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail herein. And when the T-1 level light is utilized, the T0 level light is only required to be converted to be parallel to the reflected light of the T-1 level light, and then the T-1 level light and the R +1 level light are totally reflected and transmitted in the waveguide 20 and are finally expanded by the exit pupil expansion grating 50 and then coupled out by the coupling-out grating 60.
In one embodiment, the incoupling grating is a surface relief grating or a volume holographic grating.
In one embodiment, the surface relief grating is one of a binary rectangular grating, a slanted grating, a blazed grating, and a triangular grating.
In one embodiment, the zero-order recycling mechanism is a diffraction grating having the same period as the incoupling grating. The zero-order recycling mechanism 40 is a diffraction grating, which can generate R +1 order light and has very high diffraction efficiency under different viewing field angles, and the period of the diffraction grating is consistent with that of the coupled-in grating 30, so as to ensure that the diffraction angle of the T +1 order of the coupled-in grating 30 is consistent with that of the R +1 order of the zero-order recycling mechanism 40, so that the light L0 is parallel to the light L1, and is coupled out from the coupled-out grating after being totally reflected and transmitted in the light waveguide.
In one embodiment, the period of the incoupling grating is in the wavelength or sub-wavelength range, and the diffraction grating is coated with a reflective film. The period of the in-coupling grating 30 is in the order of wavelength or sub-wavelength, so that the T +1 diffraction orders have higher in-coupling efficiency under different viewing angles. The diffraction grating is coated with a reflective film (such as an AR film) to improve the diffraction efficiency of the R +1 order light under different viewing angles.
In one embodiment, the diffraction grating is one of a tilted grating, a rectangular grating, a blazed grating, a columnar grating, and a super-surface grating. If the diffraction grating adopts an inclined grating, the diffraction efficiency of the R +1 order under different view field angles can be improved by optimizing the inclination angle, the duty ratio and the modulation depth of the inclined grating.
As shown in fig. 7, in order to strictly analyze the electromagnetic field of the R +1 order light of the diffraction grating and optimize the diffraction efficiency obtained by the strict coupled wave (RCWA) method, the diffraction grating is an inclined grating, and the average diffraction efficiency of the R +1 order light is 56.5% at different incident angles, that is, corresponding to different viewing angles, which can effectively improve the coupling efficiency of the T0 order light, thereby improving the coupling efficiency of the entire device from 10% in the prior art to 55% or more. It should be noted that the overall coupling efficiency can be further improved by structural optimization or coating of the diffraction grating.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 8 and 9, the difference is in the structure of the zero-order recovery mechanism based on embodiment 1.
In this embodiment, the zero-order recycling mechanism includes a rectangular prism groove and a highly reflective film, which are disposed on the waveguide, and the highly reflective film is attached to the inclined surface of the rectangular prism groove. And an included angle beta between the inclined surface of the rectangular prism groove and the plate surface of the waveguide is theta/2, wherein theta is the diffraction angle of T + 1-order light coupled into the grating. By applying a zero-order recycling mechanism, T0-level light coupled into the grating is recycled and utilized, so that the light energy utilization rate of the optical engine is greatly improved, and the brightness and the imaging quality of the whole diffraction light waveguide display system are improved.
In one embodiment, the zero-order recycling mechanism further comprises a right-angle prism, and an inclined surface of the right-angle prism is attached to the high-reflection film.
In one embodiment, the high-reflectivity film includes alternating layers of Ta2O5 film and SiO2 film. The polarization state can be satisfied, and the reflectivity is extremely high under different viewing field angles.
The zero-order recycling mechanism 40 of the present embodiment includes a rectangular prism groove, a high-reflection film, and a rectangular prism, which are provided on the waveguide 20, as shown in fig. 8. The high-reflection film comprises Ta2O5 film layers and SiO2 film layers which are alternately stacked and is attached between the inclined plane of the right-angle prism groove and the inclined plane of the right-angle prism, the number of film layers in the prior art can be specifically adopted or the high-reflection film is designed according to actual requirements, and theta is more than or equal to theta1Total reflection conduction of T0 order light within waveguide 20 may be achieved. The T + 1-order light coupled into the grating 30 is used to perform total reflection transmission in the waveguide 20, the light reflected to the first plate surface is denoted as L1, and the T0-order light coupled into the grating 30 is reflected to the first plate surface of the waveguide 20 at a specific angle by using the zero-order recycling mechanism 40, and the light reflected to the first plate surface is denoted as L1, where the specific angle ensures that the light L1 is parallel to the light L0. If the included angle β is θ/2, T0 order light is reflected by the reflection of the high-reflection film to form an L0 optical path, where the included angle between T0 order light and L0 optical path is also θ, so that L0 and L1 are parallel, and are coupled out from the coupled-out grating together after being transmitted by total reflection in the waveguide 20. The zero-order recycling mechanism 40 may include only a rectangular prism groove formed in the waveguide 20 and a high-reflection film attached to an inclined surface of the rectangular prism groove.
Fig. 9 is a diagram for constructing a corresponding optical film layer structure based on optical film software. The incident light comprises P polarized light, S polarized light and unpolarized light, the reflectivity curve of the P polarized light corresponds to P-refluence, the reflectivity curve of the S polarized light corresponds to S-refluence, the reflectivity curve of the unpolarized light corresponds to Mean-refluence, and different incident angles correspond to different view field angles. Under different incident angles and different polarized light incidence conditions, the reflectivity of the zero-order recovery mechanism is more than 99%, the coupling-in efficiency of T0-level light can be effectively improved, and the coupling-in efficiency of the whole device is improved to about 90% from 10% in the prior art.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the more specific and detailed embodiments described in the present application, but not be construed as limiting the claims. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A diffractive optical waveguide device having a function of recovering and utilizing zero-order light, characterized in that: the diffraction optical waveguide device with the zero-order light recycling function comprises an optical engine, a waveguide, an in-coupling grating, an exit pupil expansion grating, an out-coupling grating and a zero-order recycling mechanism, wherein the in-coupling grating, the exit pupil expansion grating, the out-coupling grating and the zero-order recycling mechanism are all positioned on the waveguide, and the diffraction optical waveguide device comprises:
the incoupling grating is used for coupling the light emitted by the optical engine into the waveguide;
the zero-order recycling mechanism is arranged opposite to the coupling grating and is used for converting zero-order light transmitted into the waveguide by the coupling grating into T + 1-order light or T-1-order light which is parallel to each other, wherein the T + 1-order light or the T-1-order light and the converted zero-order light are transmitted in the waveguide in a total reflection manner, expanded by the exit pupil expansion grating and coupled out by the coupling grating.
2. The diffractive optical waveguide device having a zero-order light recycling function according to claim 1, characterized in that: the coupling-in grating is a surface relief grating or a volume holographic grating.
3. The diffractive optical waveguide device having a zero-order light recycling function according to claim 2, characterized in that: the surface relief grating is one of a binary rectangular grating, an inclined grating, a blazed grating and a triangular grating.
4. The diffractive optical waveguide device having a zero-order light recycling function according to claim 1, characterized in that: the zero-order recycling mechanism is a diffraction grating having the same period as the incoupling grating.
5. The diffractive optical waveguide device having a zero-order light recycling function according to claim 4, characterized in that: the period of the coupling-in grating is in the wavelength or sub-wavelength order, and the diffraction grating is plated with a reflecting film.
6. The diffractive optical waveguide device having a zero-order light recycling function according to claim 4, characterized in that: the diffraction grating is one of an inclined grating, a rectangular grating, a blazed grating, a columnar grating and a super-surface grating.
7. The diffractive optical waveguide device having a zero-order light recycling function according to claim 1, characterized in that: the zero-order recovery mechanism comprises a right-angle prism groove and a high-reflection film, wherein the right-angle prism groove and the high-reflection film are arranged on the waveguide, and the high-reflection film is attached to the inclined plane of the right-angle prism groove.
8. The diffractive optical waveguide device having a zero-order light recycling function according to claim 7, characterized in that: and an included angle beta between the inclined plane of the rectangular prism groove and the plate surface of the waveguide is theta/2, wherein theta is the diffraction angle of the T + 1-order light coupled into the coupling-in grating.
9. The diffractive optical waveguide device having a zero-order light recycling function according to claim 7, characterized in that: the zero-order recovery mechanism further comprises a right-angle prism, and the inclined plane of the right-angle prism is attached to the high-reflection film.
10. The diffractive optical waveguide device having a zero-order light recycling function according to claim 7, characterized in that: the high-reflectivity film comprises Ta2O5 film layers and SiO2 film layers which are stacked alternately.
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| WO2024103978A1 (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2024-05-23 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Optical transmission structure and manufacturing method therefor, and display apparatus |
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