CN107165687B - A kind of the extraction for heat supply system and control method of flexibility excision low pressure (LP) cylinder - Google Patents
A kind of the extraction for heat supply system and control method of flexibility excision low pressure (LP) cylinder Download PDFInfo
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- CN107165687B CN107165687B CN201710525038.4A CN201710525038A CN107165687B CN 107165687 B CN107165687 B CN 107165687B CN 201710525038 A CN201710525038 A CN 201710525038A CN 107165687 B CN107165687 B CN 107165687B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K17/02—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K9/00—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines
- F01K9/04—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines with dump valves to by-pass stages
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the extraction for heat supply systems and control method of a kind of flexibility excision low pressure (LP) cylinder, the system includes: that a set of auxiliary pumped vacuum systems is added in original machine group pumped vacuum systems, the vacuum capability of former vacuum pump is effectively improved, realizes the ultralow back pressure safe and stable operation of unit；It is added on the mesolow communicating pipe of former steam extraction heat supply unit and leads directly to pipeline, the small flow adjustment pipe of cooling steam, cooling steam big flow into vapour cooler, minimum cooled vapor by low pressure (LP) cylinder and adjust low pressure (LP) cylinder that pipeline forms into vapour bypass conduit system, the flexibility of real steam extraction heat supply unit is transformed；And devise a kind of control system that can be flexibly safely operated according to unit difference heating load and unit electric load situation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of steam extraction heat supply unit flexibility excision low pressure cylinder technology and operation control systems, in particular to
Extraction steam unit heating load is big, the operating system transformation of the more demanding steam extraction heat supply unit flexibility excision low pressure (LP) cylinder of peak modulation capacity
And operation control technology.
Background technique
Currently, extraction turbine is to guarantee low pressure (LP) cylinder safe operation, it is commonly designed single low pressure (LP) cylinder 120-150t/h most
It is small into vapour cooling flow.It is big into the minimum through-current capability of vapour butterfly valve design due to low pressure (LP) cylinder in actual moving process, while low pressure (LP) cylinder
Bore into vapour butterfly valve is big, equipment poor controllability, and butterfly valve, which is typically in, to be manually controlled, and part power plant combustion adjustment is relatively protected in addition
It keeps, thermal power plant unit is made to enter the minimum cooling flow general control of low pressure (LP) cylinder in the range of 200-250t/h.Low pressure (LP) cylinder is into vapour
The increase of flow causes under identical generated energy, and unit heat capacity is decreased obviously.To keep identical heating load, low pressure (LP) cylinder
Into the every increase 100t/h of steam flow amount, unit output about 50MW need to be increased, excessive low pressure (LP) cylinder cooling flow limits the confession of unit
Thermal energy power also reduces the lower limit peak modulation capacity of unit, directly influences the flexibility of unit operation.
For heat supply and the peak modulation capacity for improving thermal power plant unit, part power plant has carried out the transformation of low pressure (LP) cylinder optical axis to single unit
Or high back pressure heat supply transformation, both reforming modes apply in general to the feelings that area of heat-supply service increases or heat supply network quantity of circulating water increases
Condition, and in a manner of improved unit heat supply generally uses " electricity determining by heat " or " by the fixed heat of electricity ", under practical peak regulation range is obvious
Drop, can not improve the operational flexibility of thermal power plant unit comprehensively.There are also the fortune that some individual units use complete resection low pressure (LP) cylinder
Line mode is similar to the operation of low pressure (LP) cylinder optical axis, in the case where misoperation or the unreasonable method of operation, will have a direct impact on low pressure
The safe operation of cylinder, there is also certain technical risks for the method for operation.
Unit runs back pressure decline, and directly proportional decline is being realized that low pressure (LP) cylinder is super by the minimum cooling flow that low pressure (LP) cylinder needs
On the basis of low back pressure operation, using " flexibility excision low pressure (LP) cylinder " running technology, it can realize that minimum cooling operating condition (cuts cylinder automatically
State) to the continuous flexible switchover operation of different heat supply running operating conditions and condensing operating condition.It is real for most of thermal power plant unit
The minimum cooling flow of border operation supplying thermal condition can decline 100-150t/h or more, and unit single machine area of heat-supply service can increase 150-
Machine lower class limit operation electric load increases 50-75MW, the heat capacity and operation of unit under 2200000 square metres or identical heating load
Flexibility can all be significantly improved.
Summary of the invention
The extraction for heat supply system flexibility and control method of excision low pressure (LP) cylinder provided by the invention, can solve current steam extraction and supply
Heat engine group heat capacity is relatively low, the technical problem of runing adjustment flexibility difference.
To solve the above problems, realizing that the flexibility of low pressure (LP) cylinder steam inlet condition and steam discharge parameter synchronization match control runs control
Mode processed is transformed or replaces to low pressure (LP) cylinder steam inlet pipe road butterfly valve first, makes it that can close operation during heat supply, protects simultaneously
Card meets 1-2% nominal low-voltage cylinder into the through-current capacity of steam flow amount when closing, and meets butterfly valve and pipe-line system is in hot stand-by duty,
And take vapour by adding low pressure (LP) cylinder into vapour bypass conduit system before original heat supply network heating system extraction line isolating valve, guarantee not
Meet the matching of unit thermoelectricity load with the low pressure (LP) cylinder through-current capacity under operating condition, and in a certain range.
Low pressure (LP) cylinder leads directly to pipeline, cooling steaming into vapour cooler, minimum cooled vapor into vapour bypass conduit system, by low pressure (LP) cylinder
The small flow adjustment pipe of vapour, cooling steam big flow adjust pipeline composition.
Low pressure (LP) cylinder is into vapour cooler, and using finned Pipe bundle structure, vapour side uses double-flow, and water side uses single process,
Finned-tube bundle preferably uses low-density pattern, the heat exchange area for effectively increasing steam side simultaneously, control system crushing, reduce equipment
Volume.
Low pressure (LP) cylinder may be derived from heat supply network circulation into its heat of the cooling water source heat supply network circulating water reclamation of vapour cooler, cooling water
Exit of pump hot net water, cooling backwater are recycled to heat exchangers for district heating outlet pipeline or circulation pump of heat-supply network entrance pipe.
Low pressure (LP) cylinder minimum cooled vapor leads directly to pipeline by specified under thermal pressure and ultralow back pressure, guaranteeing that low pressure (LP) cylinder minimum is cold
But flow is designed, and designing through-flow flow is 2%-5% low pressure (LP) cylinder rated steam inlet flow, designs orifice union, group on pipeline
Throttle orifice or negative throat noz(zle) pattern can be used in the form of part, and this programme is recommended to use negative throat noz(zle) pattern, this component can also basis
Pressure and temperature before and after nozzle conveniently calculates low pressure (LP) cylinder into steam flow amount, and nozzle flow is critical flow especially under small flow
Amount, flow is directly proportional to pressure before nozzle, and flow rate calculation is more direct.
The small flow adjustment pipe of cooling steam can adjust in time in unit steam extraction parameter, low pressure (LP) cylinder back pressure Parameters variation
Low pressure (LP) cylinder is into steam flow amount, this circuit design electric control valve, orifice union.Made when the effect of orifice union by certain throttling
With improving the degree of regulation and the range of linearity of pitch, pattern preferably uses throttle orifice.Low pressure (LP) cylinder steam is cooling to adjust the through-flow of pipeline
Flow is design (or according to reality) under thermal pressure, minimum cooled vapor leads directly to pipeline, the small flow adjustment pipe of cooling steam
Total flow is the nominal low-voltage cylinder of 15%-20% into vapour flow design.
Low pressure (LP) cylinder adjusts pipeline into vapour cooling steam big flow and can guarantee when heating load changes by a relatively large margin, meets low pressure
Cylinder larger flow into vapour through-current capability, one bypass electric control valve of this circuit design.Above-mentioned three roads low pressure (LP) cylinder admission passage
Total capacity, should ensure that unit under specified extraction pressure, the low pressure (LP) cylinder of 30-40% or so met under pipeline normal flow into vapour
The through-current capability of flow.In order to facilitate low pressure (LP) cylinder steam inlet condition being monitored and being realized during operation automatic control, in cooling
Before and after device, before regulating valve, low pressure (LP) cylinder admission passage and exhaust line install pressure and temperature measuring point additional respectively, before cooler plus
Flow-through orifice is filled, is monitored in real time into steam flow amount.Wherein heat supply extraction pressure, low pressure (LP) cylinder admission passage and exhaust line pressure
Power is designed as two from three absolute pressure measuring point, and temperature is all made of platinum resistance pattern.
The control mode of heat supply running can be divided into low pressure (LP) cylinder into, steam discharge most according to different heating loads and unit load situation
Small pressure ratio operation control method is " excision low pressure (LP) cylinder runs basic control mode "；Minimum cooling steam amount control mode " is cut
Except low pressure (LP) cylinder runs automatic control mode " and the limitation of minimum cooling steam amount under steam extraction parameter manually adjust mode and " cool down
Flow restriction heat supply running mode " and automatic four kinds of cylinder heat-supplying mode " cylinder operation automatic control mode is cut in flexibility " of cutting run control
Mode processed.
(1) excision low pressure (LP) cylinder runs basic control mode
The critical flow (maximum stream flow) of orifice union on low pressure (LP) cylinder minimum cooling pipe is according to design heat supply steam extraction
Under pressure, low pressure (LP) cylinder into, steam discharge pressure ratio P under no minimum runing adjustmentB/PcThe pressure ratio phase for being worth and designing maximum supplying thermal condition
Same principle design.In actual motion, there is low pressure (LP) cylinder throttle flow and back pressure not in economy, the variation of heat supply extraction pressure
The phenomenon that matching.Therefore, it in actual moving process, needs using automatic regulating system in time to low pressure (LP) cylinder minimum cooling flow
It is controlled, makes PB/PcActual value close to given value.Basic Controlling principle are as follows: guarantee that low pressure (LP) cylinder remains certain into steam discharge pressure ratio
Ratio, to control low pressure (LP) cylinder cooling flow control valve opening.
It, can be by adjusting manually when extraction pressure or low pressure (LP) cylinder exhaust temperature deviation prescribed limit in actual moving process
Whole low pressure (LP) cylinder controls low pressure (LP) cylinder throttle flow into the given value of steam discharge pressure ratio, to indirectly control.
(2) excision low pressure (LP) cylinder runs automatic control mode
On the basis of controlling low pressure (LP) cylinder into, steam discharge pressure ratio, while controlling low pressure (LP) cylinder delivery temperature.
When heat supply extraction pressure and low pressure (LP) cylinder exhaust steam pressure change, in low pressure (LP) cylinder into the practical pressure ratio one of, steam discharge
In the case where fixed, the low pressure (LP) cylinder steam discharge degree of superheat can also change, the degree of superheat and given temperature model when practical exhaust temperature
Enclose there are the pressure ratio value that when deviation, can suitably correct low pressure (LP) cylinder by difference variation into, steam discharge, correcting mode can be used to original to
Ratio is determined multiplied by the mode of correction factor further to finely tune PB/Pc, correction factor range it is smaller generally (0.9-1.2) it
Between change.
(3) cooling flow limits heat supply running regulative mode
When unit extraction pressure height, the big large and small regulating valve of low pressure (LP) cylinder cooling steam can be opened manually, and it is matched to meet heat, electricity
It is required that can open former extraction for heat supply butterfly valve when large and small control valve opening is larger and further be adjusted.Work as extraction pressure
Low, when each valve need to turn down valve, the aperture of valve is limited by low pressure (LP) cylinder into, steam discharge pressure ratio and the steam discharge degree of superheat, makes low pressure (LP) cylinder
It is not less than minimum cooling flow into steam flow amount.
(4) cylinder operation automatic control mode is cut in flexibility
It is to cut cylinder heat-supplying mode automatically that cylinder mode is cut in flexibility, in this manner, given when being less than or equal to for thermal pressure
When pressure, unit, which is in, cuts cylinder operating status, and steam extraction buckling is constant to the correction factor maintenance 1 of low pressure (LP) cylinder into steam discharge pressure ratio.
Control mode is equivalent to automatic excision low pressure (LP) cylinder operation control method at this time.
When extraction pressure is higher than given pressure, illustrate that steam extraction amount is less than normal, low pressure (LP) cylinder need to increase throttle flow, pass through meter at this time
It calculates the ratio of practical extraction pressure and given pressure to be modified the given value of low pressure (LP) cylinder into, steam discharge pressure ratio, in practical steam extraction
For the ratio of pressure and given extraction pressure in the range of 1-1.2, correction factor is also 1-1.2, when practical extraction pressure with give
When determining the ratio of extraction pressure and further increasing, correction factor proportionate relationship gradually enhances, if pressure ratio reaches 2, low pressure (LP) cylinder
Given value into, steam discharge pressure ratio should reach 5 or so, when guaranteeing that extraction pressure quickly significantly increases, and comparatively fast increase low pressure (LP) cylinder
Throttle flow, keep extraction pressure controlled range change.
The present invention use simultaneously match unit extraction pressure, control low pressure (LP) cylinder into the mode of vapour and steam discharge parameter, it can be achieved that
The flexibility excision low pressure (LP) cylinder operation of steam extraction heat supply unit, greatly improves heat capacity and peak modulation capacity and unit load adapts to
Property, it is flexibility transformation and the capacity-increasing transformation of heating system of thermal power plant unit, thermal power plant unit running optimizatin provides a kind of safety can
It leans on, economic renovation technique.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of the extraction for heat supply system of flexibility excision low pressure (LP) cylinder in the first specific embodiment of the invention
(wet/cold group)；
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of the extraction for heat supply system of flexibility excision low pressure (LP) cylinder in second of specific embodiment of the invention
(Direct Air-cooled Unit)；
Fig. 3 is heat supply steam extraction cooler construction figure of the invention；
Fig. 4 is low pressure (LP) cylinder of the invention into vapour bypass arrangement figure；
Fig. 5 is that cylinder operation automatic control system figure is cut in flexibility of the invention；
Fig. 6 is the control principle schematic diagram of the extraction for heat supply system of flexibility excision low pressure (LP) cylinder of the invention；
Fig. 7 is the block diagram for the extraction for heat supply system that flexibility of the present invention cuts off low pressure (LP) cylinder.
Specific embodiment
The extraction for heat supply system of prior art steam extraction heat supply unit is from heat supply steam extraction directly to heat exchangers for district heating steam supply, heat supply
Extraction pressure is adjusted by low pressure (LP) cylinder into vapour butterfly valve, guarantees the safe operation of low pressure (LP) cylinder, during Winter heat supply, wet type cooling unit operation
Back pressure maintains 4-6kPa, and air cooling unit operation back pressure maintains 8-10kPa, and single low pressure (LP) cylinder guarantees the minimum of 120-150t/h
Into vapour cooling flow.Low pressure (LP) cylinder exhaust stage blade has been in certain air blast operating status, the reality of low pressure (LP) cylinder exhaust stage blade at this time
Efficiency is lower than 30%, and negative work phenomenon may also occur in individual unit final stages.Under this backpressure condition, such as further directly substantially
Degree reduces low pressure (LP) cylinder into steam flow amount, final stage, secondary final blage Overblow state can be further exacerbated by, keep two-stage blade exit temperature big
Width increases, and dynamic stress increases, and directly affects the safe operation of final stage, penult.And the measure to low pressure cylinder spray desuperheat is used,
The purpose for reducing lp outer casing temperature is only played, not can effectively solve the safety issue of flow passage component.
The decline of low pressure (LP) cylinder cooling flow is remarkably improved heat capacity and peak modulation capacity.When low pressure (LP) cylinder into steam flow amount and is carried on the back
When pressing proportional decline, low pressure (LP) cylinder steam discharge volume flow can remain unchanged substantially, and the dynamic stress of low pressure (LP) cylinder exhaust stage blade is horizontal
It is approximately equal, but the horizontal proportional decline of static stress, the security reliability of low pressure (LP) cylinder overall operation is compared with low pressure (LP) cylinder in design condition
The method of operation of lower minimum cooling flow tends to be safe and reliable.Therefore operation back pressure is reduced, low pressure (LP) cylinder initial steam pressure and row are maintained
The pressure ratio of steam pressure designs that the pressure ratio under maximum confession heat flow is consistent with it, is to realize to reduce having for low pressure (LP) cylinder minimum cooling flow
Effect approach.
Steam extraction heat supply unit is run in winter, and circulating water temperature can drop to 10 in low pressure (LP) cylinder minimum cooling flow
DEG C hereinafter, coolant water temperature for realize operation back pressure decline provide necessary condition.But the limit back of current water ring vacuum pump
Pressure be generally 3.3kPa, it can be achieved that minimum operation back pressure in 4-5kPa, therefore safely and effectively reduce low pressure (LP) cylinder cooling flow
Space it is smaller.
Such as to achieve the purpose that realize reduces operation back pressure, need to solve the problems, such as that current vacuum pump vacuum capability is insufficient.
Studies have shown that can be effectively improved the vacuum capability of former vacuum pump by adding a set of auxiliary pumped vacuum systems, realize unit
Ultralow back pressure safe and stable operation.
Under the conditions of ultralow back pressure operation, the single low pressure (LP) cylinder minimum cooling flow of wet type cooling unit can be reduced to 45t/h or so,
The single low pressure (LP) cylinder minimum cooling flow of air cooling unit can be reduced to 20t/h or so, and the unit low pressure (LP) cylinder of general optical axis operation needs
The cooling flow of 20-30t/h, the ultralow back pressure operation of unit can reach approximately and the method for operation basic one are transformed with low pressure (LP) cylinder optical axis
The heat capacity of cause.
The cooling even flow of the minimum of major part thermal power plant unit low pressure (LP) cylinder actual motion is not less than 150-200t/h at present, strictly according to the facts
The minimum cooling flow of border operation supplying thermal condition can decline 100-150t/h, and unit single machine area of heat-supply service can increase 150-220 ten thousand
Square metre or identical heating load under machine lower class limit operating load increase 50-75MW.
The design heat supply extraction pressure of big thermoelecrtic unit supplying thermal condition is generally in 0.3MPa to 0.4MPa, TMCR work at present
Under condition throttle flow, corresponding 220-250 DEG C of heat supply extraction temperature；And under 75%THA operating condition throttle flow, corresponding heat supply steam extraction temperature
Degree can reach 250-280 DEG C；For general low pressure (LP) cylinder in the case where designing maximum supplying thermal condition, it is existing that low pressure (LP) cylinder steam discharge will appear certain overheat
As, when ultralow back pressure operation, into the identical situation of steam discharge pressure ratio, although the variation of its exhaust temperature is less, the degree of superheat
It can obviously increase.
The steam discharge degree of superheat to be made integrally is controlled in zone of reasonableness, and being one by suitably reducing throttle (steam) temperature effectively arranges
It applies.In actual motion, underrun, low pressure (LP) cylinder need to more cut the operation of cylinder state, and extraction pressure is lower at this time, and extraction temperature is answered
Between for 230-260 DEG C, declines its throttle (steam) temperature into vapour cooler by adding low pressure (LP) cylinder, low pressure can be effectively reduced
The degree of superheat of cylinder steam discharge.Its type of cooling includes that spray desuperheating and surface-type are cooling, it is contemplated that practical pipe-line system and low pressure (LP) cylinder
Entrance distance it is shorter, atomizing effect is poor, and there may be low pressure (LP) cylinder blade water slug phenomenons.The present invention recommends to use surface-type
Low-density fin configuration cooler, with suitably cooling low pressure (LP) cylinder throttle (steam) temperature, control low-pressure final stage is into hot mass dryness fraction close to saturation
Temperature, water erosion will not be generated to final stage.Since coolant water temperature and the steam temperature difference are larger, increase and decrease quantity of circulating water and quantity of steam, always
The amplitude of variation of heat exchange amount is smaller, in inlet and outlet temperature a certain range, cooling water inflow is adjusted, to the adjustment effect for adjusting steam temperature
It is smaller, when excessively reducing water, cooling water vapor can be caused, influence system normal operation, thus it is unsuitable into vapour cooling water flow
Adjust automatically means as throttle (steam) temperature；And cooler has certain adaptive ability in system operation, it can not be into
The frequent adjusting of row water.
During steam extraction heat supply unit heat supply running, low pressure (LP) cylinder carries out aperture according to the demand of heat supply network heating system into vapour butterfly valve
Adjustment while guaranteeing heat supply, will also control low pressure (LP) cylinder throttle flow and meet minimum cooling flow requirement.In actual moving process
In, since the through-current capacity of low pressure (LP) cylinder into vapour butterfly valve is big, carry out overly conservative when aperture adjustment, it is big to run practical aperture, examines simultaneously
The poor controllability for considering valve, is easy to appear bite or other failures, and it is practical obviously bigger than normal into steam flow amount to often lead to low pressure (LP) cylinder, into
And influence the heat capacity and peak modulation capacity of unit.
The cooling flow of low pressure (LP) cylinder is effectively reduced, first has to reduce unit operation back pressure.Such as to reach realization reduces fortune
The purpose of row back pressure need to solve the problems, such as that current vacuum pump vacuum capability is low, and there is provided herein a kind of flexibilities to cut off low pressure
The extraction for heat supply system of cylinder, including a set of auxiliary pumped vacuum systems 32 ', a set of low pressure (LP) cylinder are into vapour chiller system and a set of low pressure
Cylinder is into vapour bypass conduit system 34.Wherein, the installation site of unit cold end system 33, structure and effect are also shown in Fig. 7
Identical compared with technology, refer to the prior art.
Assist pumped vacuum systems 32 ' and pumped vacuum systems cooperate, to realize that the ultralow back pressure of steam extraction heat supply unit is steady safely
It is fixed.I.e. before the series connection of auxiliary pumped vacuum systems 32 ' and original vacuum pump (pumped vacuum systems).Assist pumped vacuum systems mainly by big
Flow backing vacuum pump 24, cooling device 27, water ring vacuum pump 26 form.Backing vacuum pump limit back pressure is up to the left side 0.5kPa
The right side, to realize that the ultralow back pressure operation of unit creates basic condition, big flow backing vacuum pump 24 vacuumizes unit, in machine
Group cooling condition meet the requirements under conditions of 10-15 DEG C of circulating cooling coolant-temperature gage, 5 DEG C of Direct Air-cooled Unit environment temperature hereinafter,
Unit operation back pressure is can be controlled within 1.5-2kPa, and 24 outlet pressure of backing vacuum pump can reach 4-5kPa at this time, and auxiliary is true
The exhaust vapour mixture of sky pump 24, it is hydrophobic to be recycled to through valve 29 after most of steam is cooled after cooling device 27 is cooling
Condenser 23 or steam exhaust device 32 are reduced in this way into 26 air inlet vapour amount of water ring vacuum pump, opposite to improve water ring vacuum pump
26 power output enables the system to realize lower back pressure operation, while reducing medium-loss.
Steam extraction heat supply unit original heat-supplying mode is that steam extraction is discharged through intermediate pressure cylinder 1, and a part of extraction for heat supply net heater 31 adds
The external heat supply of heat supply network recirculated water；A small amount of steam heats heat regenerative system, another part by heat supply butterfly valve 2 enter low pressure (LP) cylinder 5 after
Continuous acting, final low pressure (LP) cylinder steam discharge enter condenser 23 or steam exhaust device 32.
The cooling steam flow for entering low pressure (LP) cylinder for reduction, need to be transformed or replace to low pressure (LP) cylinder steam inlet pipe road butterfly valve 2,
Guarantee there is 1-2% nominal low-voltage cylinder into the through-current capacity of steam flow amount when closing, meets butterfly valve and pipe-line system is in hot stand-by duty.
In view of butterfly valve bore is excessive, small flow degree of regulation is poor, need to add low pressure (LP) cylinder into vapour bypass conduit system 34.It takes vapour to come from
Before original heat supply network heating system extraction line isolating valve 30.By adding low pressure (LP) cylinder into vapour bypass conduit system, meet different fortune
Low pressure (LP) cylinder cooling flow under the conditions of row, and adjusted in the matched flow that a certain range meets unit thermoelectricity load.
Low pressure (LP) cylinder is arranged on the mesolow communicating pipe of steam extraction heat supply unit, into vapour bypass conduit system for realizing pumping
The flexibility combustion adjustment of vapour thermal power plant unit is transformed.Low pressure (LP) cylinder into vapour bypass conduit system include low pressure (LP) cylinder into vapour cooler, most
Small cooled vapor leads directly to pipeline, the small flow adjustment pipe of cooling steam and cooling steam big flow and adjusts pipeline.I.e. low pressure (LP) cylinder into
Vapour bypass conduit system includes that low pressure (LP) cylinder is formed into vapour cooler 11 and three branches.Low pressure (LP) cylinder cooling steam by valve 8 into
Enter low pressure (LP) cylinder into vapour cooler 11, after cooling, by minimum cooled vapor lead directly to pipeline, the small flow adjustment pipe of cooling steam,
Cooling steam big flow is ultimately connected to after heat supply butterfly valve 2 on pipeline after adjusting pipeline.
Low pressure (LP) cylinder is low-density fin type heat exchange structure into vapour cooler 11, and cooling water source is heat supply network recirculated water, low pressure (LP) cylinder
Hot net water, which is exported, for circulation pump of heat-supply network into 11 water of vapour cooler enters low pressure (LP) cylinder into vapour cooler 11, return water root through valve 36
Factually water return pipeline length in border determines that recovery position can be recycled to heat exchangers for district heating water outlet or through valve cycles water through valve 37
Pump intake.Low pressure (LP) cylinder is recycled to condenser 23 or steam exhaust device 32 through valve 35 into 11 internal drainage of vapour cooler.Low pressure (LP) cylinder is into vapour
The design capacity of cooler 11 is under specified extraction pressure, and when cooled vapor leads directly to pipeline isolated operation, vapor (steam) temperature declines 30-
40℃。
Increase steam pressure and temperature point 6,7,9,10,12,13 before and after steam extraction heat exchanger 11, facilitates data during operation
Real-time monitoring and analysis.Steam extraction after heat exchange can be adjusted by three road low pressure (LP) cylinder admission passages.The first via is minimum cooling
Steam leads directly to pipeline, and by specified under thermal pressure and ultralow back pressure, guaranteeing that low pressure (LP) cylinder minimum cooling flow is designed, design is logical
Flowing flow is that 2%-5% low pressure (LP) cylinder rated steam inlet flow air cooling unit gets the small value, wet type cooling unit takes large values, and installs section on this pipeline additional
Component 16 is flowed, throttle orifice or negative throat noz(zle) pattern can be used in component, and this programme is recommended to use negative throat noz(zle) pattern such as Fig. 4, this
Component can also conveniently calculate low pressure (LP) cylinder into steam flow amount according to pressure and temperature before and after nozzle, the nozzle especially under small flow
Flow is critical flow, is directlyed proportional to its flow to pressure before nozzle, flow rate calculation is more direct.It is designed before orifice union manual
Door 15, convenient combustion adjustment when necessary.
Second tunnel be the small flow adjustment pipe of cooling steam, by under specified extraction pressure 15% or so nominal low-voltage cylinder into
Vapour flow design can adjust in time low pressure (LP) cylinder into steam flow amount in unit steam extraction parameter, low pressure (LP) cylinder back pressure Parameters variation.This pipe
Electric control valve 17, throttling element 18 are designed in road, when low pressure (LP) cylinder initial steam pressure 3 and the pressure ratio of low pressure (LP) cylinder exhaust steam pressure 21 become
Change, low pressure (LP) cylinder exhaust temperature 7 exceed setting range, heat supply extraction pressure it is higher 6 when, can pass through electric control valve 17 adjust low pressure
Cylinder is into steam flow amount.
Low pressure (LP) cylinder has certain adaptive ability into vapour chiller system, by suitably reducing throttle (steam) temperature, to ensure
The low pressure (LP) cylinder steam discharge degree of superheat integrally controls within zone of reasonableness.Specifically, equipped with section in the main pipe for entering the first, second tunnel
Discharge orifice plate 14 is used to measure through-current capacity when smaller flow.Two-way pipe throttling element 16,18 forward and backward pipelines diameter according to pipeline
Steam pressure, temperature and flow control certain flow rates, are determined, therefore the preceding optional thinner caliber that throttles, throttling
It selects afterwards and the caliber close into vapour bypass general pipeline.
Third road is that cooling steam big flow adjusting pipeline has biggish through-current capability larger, by under specified extraction pressure
40% or so nominal low-voltage cylinder is into vapour flow design.When extraction pressure 6 change or in heat supply network heating system it is out of service
I.e. pure condensate operating condition when unit safe and stable operation, electric control valve 19 open.Under specified extraction pressure, this three roads through-current capacity can
The low pressure (LP) cylinder of satisfaction 50% or so guarantees unit in heat supply network heating system i.e. pure condensate work out of service into the through-current capability of steam flow amount
When condition, guarantee low pressure (LP) cylinder normally into steam flow amount.
When heat supply steam extraction flexibility combustion adjustment system puts into operation, former heat supply butterfly valve 2 can close operation, can also be in necessity
When in the case of be adjusted.
The control mode of heat supply running can be divided into low pressure (LP) cylinder into, steam discharge most according to different heating loads and unit load situation
Small pressure ratio operation control method (i.e. " excision low pressure (LP) cylinder runs basic control mode ")；Minimum cooling steam amount operation control method
Steam extraction parameter under (i.e. " excision low pressure (LP) cylinder runs automatic control mode ") and minimum cooling steam amount limitation manually adjusts control
Mode (i.e. " cooling flow limit to heat supply running mode ") and cylinder heat-supplying mode is cut automatically (i.e. " the automatic control of cylinder operation is cut in flexibility
Mode processed ") four kinds of operation control methods.
(1) excision low pressure (LP) cylinder runs basic control mode
Cut off the Controlling principle of low pressure (LP) cylinder operation control method are as follows: guarantee that low pressure (LP) cylinder maintains certain ratio into steam discharge pressure ratio,
To control low pressure (LP) cylinder cooling flow control valve opening.The switching player that extraction pressure control at this time automatically switches 53 manually is dynamic,
Export K2=1, the output of degree of superheat Control PID 48 is several by the dynamic output K of 49 player of switching module1=1, the output of multiplier 50
It is 1, heat supply extraction pressure 6 and 22 parameter of low pressure (LP) cylinder exhaust temperature are not involved in and directly control.
Low pressure (LP) cylinder initial steam pressure PB3, low pressure (LP) cylinder exhaust steam pressure PC21 calculate pressure ratio P by divider 38B/CIt is given with pressure ratio
Definite value PB/CS relatively after, through dead zone 41, PID regulator 43 export f4x、f5X controls the aperture of small, big motor-operated control valve 17,19,
To realize control target.f4x、f5In x, the relationship of aperture and PID regulator 43 presses flow nonlinear function configuration, large and small pitch
There is certain overlapping range, to guarantee that it is steady that system is adjusted.
It, can be by adjusting manually when extraction pressure or low pressure (LP) cylinder exhaust temperature deviation prescribed limit in actual moving process
Whole low pressure (LP) cylinder controls low pressure (LP) cylinder throttle flow into the given value of steam discharge pressure ratio, indirectly controls controlled parameter.
(2) excision low pressure (LP) cylinder runs automatic control mode
The switching player that control extraction pressure control automatically switches 53 manually is dynamic, exports K2=1.
The control mode on the basis of excision low pressure (LP) cylinder runs basic control mode, while controlling low pressure (LP) cylinder exhaust temperature.Vapour
Turbine discharge pressure PC21 through f1X44 can calculate its saturation temperature value, through adder 45 and given saturation temperature value T0After addition
Into subtracter and TCCompare, and passes through f2It is sent into PID regulator 48 after x47 processing, exhaust temperature is formed and given pressure ratio is repaired
Positive coefficient, 48 range of Control PID adjuster change between (0.9-1.2), only meet fine tuning and require.
(3) cooling flow limits heat supply running regulative mode
The switching player that control extraction pressure control automatically switches 53 manually is dynamic, exports K2=1.
On the basis of cutting off low pressure (LP) cylinder operation automatic control mode, for convenience of steam extraction parameter is adjusted, it can increase by two bypasses
The manual operation function of valve.
It, can be cold by taking big 43 manual setting of circuit to open low pressure (LP) cylinder when unit extraction pressure and heating load need to be adjusted
But total instruction of the large and small regulating valve of steam is directly controlled, and when large and small control valve opening is larger, can be opened former steam extraction and be supplied
Hot butterfly valve is further adjusted.When extraction pressure is low, and each valve need to turn down valve, the aperture of valve is by low pressure (LP) cylinder into, row
The limitation of the vapour pressure when steam discharge degree of superheat controls low pressure (LP) cylinder by PID42 and is not less than minimum cooling flow into steam flow amount.
(4) cylinder operation automatic control mode is cut in flexibility
It is to cut cylinder heat-supplying mode automatically that cylinder mode is cut in flexibility, and in this manner, manual/auto handoff block 49,53 is selected
It selects automatic.
When being less than or equal to given pressure for thermal pressure, unit is in and cuts cylinder operating status, and steam extraction buckling is to low pressure (LP) cylinder
Correction factor maintenance 1 into steam discharge pressure ratio is constant.Control mode is equivalent to excision low pressure (LP) cylinder operation automatic control mode at this time.
As extraction pressure PA6 are higher than given pressure PAWhen s, the output pressure ratio P of divider 51A/PAS is greater than 1, the ratio
Value passes through f2X is modified the given value of low pressure (LP) cylinder into, steam discharge pressure ratio, in the ratio of practical extraction pressure and given extraction pressure
Value is in the range of 1-1.2, correction factor=PA/PAS can keep substantially bypass door aperture constant at this time.When practical extraction pressure
When further increasing with the ratio of given extraction pressure, correction factor gradually enhances, when reaching 2 such as pressure ratio, low pressure (LP) cylinder into,
The given value of steam discharge pressure ratio should reach 5 or so, when guaranteeing that extraction pressure quickly significantly increases, it is very fast increase low pressure (LP) cylinder into
Vapour amount keeps extraction pressure to change in controlled range.Rate limit blocks 54 can limit f2The rate of change of x output valve guarantees
System adjusts steady.
In actual motion when extraction pressure is obviously higher, heat supply butterfly valve 2 can also be adjusted in time and maintains steam extraction parameter normal.
Used herein a specific example illustrates the principle and implementation of the invention, and above embodiments are said
It is bright to be merely used to help understand method and its core concept of the invention.It should be pointed out that for the ordinary skill of the art
, without departing from the principle of the present invention, can be with several improvements and modifications are made to the present invention for personnel, these improvement
It is also fallen within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention with modification.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of extraction for heat supply system of flexibility excision low pressure (LP) cylinder, which is characterized in that the system includes:
A set of auxiliary pumped vacuum systems cooperates with the pumped vacuum systems of steam extraction heat supply unit, to realize steam extraction heat supply unit with super
Low back pressure safe and stable operation；
A set of low pressure (LP) cylinder passes through into vapour cooler with certain adaptive ability into vapour chiller system, including low pressure (LP) cylinder
It is appropriate to reduce throttle (steam) temperature, to ensure that the low pressure (LP) cylinder steam discharge degree of superheat integrally controls within zone of reasonableness；
A set of low pressure (LP) cylinder is arranged on the mesolow communicating pipe of steam extraction heat supply unit, into vapour bypass conduit system for realizing pumping
The flexibility combustion adjustment of vapour thermal power plant unit is transformed；The low pressure (LP) cylinder includes that minimum cooled vapor is straight-through into vapour bypass conduit system
The small flow adjustment pipe of pipeline, cooling steam and cooling steam big flow adjust pipeline；
Wherein, the minimum cooled vapor leads directly to pipeline by specified under thermal pressure and ultralow back pressure, guaranteeing that low pressure (LP) cylinder minimum is cold
But flow is designed, and design through-current capacity is the specified charge flow rate of 2%-5% low pressure (LP) cylinder；
The small flow adjustment pipe of cooling steam adjusts low in time in unit steam extraction parameter, low pressure (LP) cylinder back pressure Parameters variation
Cylinder pressure is into steam flow amount, by under specified extraction pressure 15% or so nominal low-voltage cylinder into vapour flow design；
The cooling steam big flow adjusts pipeline and guarantees when heating load changes by a relatively large margin, meets low pressure (LP) cylinder larger flow
Into vapour through-current capability, by under specified extraction pressure 40% or so nominal low-voltage cylinder into vapour flow design.
2. a kind of control method of the extraction for heat supply system for flexibility described in claim 1 excision low pressure (LP) cylinder, feature
It is, the control method specifically: according to the safe operation control of unit difference heating load and unit electric load situation selection unit
Mode processed, wherein the safety running control mode of unit includes following several: excision low pressure (LP) cylinder operation basic control mode, excision
Cylinder operation automatic control mode is cut in low pressure (LP) cylinder operation automatic control mode, cooling flow limitation heat supply running mode and flexibility；
The excision low pressure (LP) cylinder runs basic control mode specifically: using automatic regulating system in time to low pressure (LP) cylinder minimum cooling flow
It is controlled, makes PB/PcActual value close to given value；
The excision low pressure (LP) cylinder runs automatic control mode specifically: the degree of superheat and given temperature model when practical exhaust temperature
It encloses there are the pressure ratio value for when deviation, suitably correcting low pressure (LP) cylinder by difference variation into, steam discharge, correcting mode is used to the given ratio of original
Value further finely tunes low pressure (LP) cylinder multiplied by the mode of correction factor into, steam discharge pressure ratio value PB/Pc, correction factor range is 0.9-
1.2；
The cooling flow limits heat supply running mode specifically: when unit extraction pressure height, opens the cooling steaming of big low pressure (LP) cylinder manually
The large and small regulating valve of vapour meets heat, the matched requirement of electricity, when large and small control valve opening is larger, opens former extraction for heat supply butterfly valve
It is further adjusted, when extraction pressure is low, and each valve need to turn down valve, the aperture of valve is by low pressure (LP) cylinder into, steam discharge pressure ratio
And the limitation of the steam discharge degree of superheat, so that low pressure (LP) cylinder is not less than minimum cooling flow into steam flow amount；Wherein, big regulating valve is located at cooling steam
Vapour big flow adjusts pipeline, and minor adjustment valve is located at the small flow adjustment pipe of cooling steam；
Cylinder movement automatic control mode is cut in the flexibility specifically: when being less than or equal to given pressure for thermal pressure, at unit
In cutting cylinder operating status, steam extraction buckling is constant to the correction factor maintenance 1 of low pressure (LP) cylinder into steam discharge pressure ratio.
3. control method as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the excision low pressure (LP) cylinder operation basic control mode is specific
Are as follows: guarantee that low pressure (LP) cylinder maintains certain ratio into steam discharge pressure ratio, and introduces the ratio of practical extraction pressure and given pressure to low pressure
The given value of cylinder into, steam discharge pressure ratio is modified coefficient, to control low pressure (LP) cylinder cooling flow control valve opening.
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