CN107165687A - A kind of flexibility cuts off the extraction for heat supply system and control method of low pressure (LP) cylinder - Google Patents
A kind of flexibility cuts off the extraction for heat supply system and control method of low pressure (LP) cylinder Download PDFInfo
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- CN107165687A CN107165687A CN201710525038.4A CN201710525038A CN107165687A CN 107165687 A CN107165687 A CN 107165687A CN 201710525038 A CN201710525038 A CN 201710525038A CN 107165687 A CN107165687 A CN 107165687A
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- cylinder
- low pressure
- pressure
- steam
- heat supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K17/02—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K9/00—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines
- F01K9/04—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines with dump valves to by-pass stages
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
Abstract
The invention discloses the extraction for heat supply system and control method that a kind of flexibility cuts off low pressure (LP) cylinder, the system includes：A set of auxiliary pumped vacuum systems is set up in former unit pumped vacuum systems, the vacuum capability of former vavuum pump is effectively improved, the ultralow back pressure safe and stable operation of unit is realized；Set up to enter vapour cooler, minimum cooled vapor by low pressure (LP) cylinder and lead directly to the low pressure (LP) cylinder that pipeline, cooling steam low discharge regulation pipeline, cooling steam big flow regulation pipeline constitute on the mesolow communicating pipe of former steam extraction heat supply unit and enter vapour bypass conduit system, the flexibility transformation of real steam extraction heat supply unit；And devise it is a kind of can be according to the different heating load of unit and the control system of the flexible safe operation of unit electric load situation.
Description
Technical field
Low pressure cylinder technology and operation control system are cut off the present invention relates to a kind of steam extraction heat supply unit flexibility, more particularly to
Extraction steam unit heating load is big, and peak modulation capacity requires the runtime transformation of higher steam extraction heat supply unit flexibility excision low pressure (LP) cylinder
And operation control technology.
Background technology
At present, extraction turbine is commonly designed single low pressure (LP) cylinder 120-150t/h most to ensure low pressure (LP) cylinder safe operation
It is small enter vapour cooling flow.Because low pressure (LP) cylinder enters the minimum through-current capability of vapour butterfly valve design greatly in actual moving process, while low pressure (LP) cylinder
The bore for entering vapour butterfly valve is big, and equipment poor controllability, butterfly valve is typically in manual control, and part power plant combustion adjustment is partial to guarantor in addition
Keep, thermal power plant unit is entered the minimum cooling flow general control of low pressure (LP) cylinder in the range of 200-250t/h.Low pressure (LP) cylinder enters vapour
The increase of flow, causes under identical generated energy, and unit heat capacity is decreased obviously.To keep identical heating load, low pressure (LP) cylinder
Entering steam flow amount often increases 100t/h, need to increase unit output about 50MW, and excessive low pressure (LP) cylinder cooling flow limits the confession of unit
Heat energy power, also reduces the lower limit peak modulation capacity of unit, directly influences the flexibility of unit operation.
To improve heat supply and the peak modulation capacity of thermal power plant unit, part power plant has carried out the transformation of low pressure (LP) cylinder optical axis to single unit
Or high back pressure heat supply transformation, both reforming modes, apply in general to the feelings of area of heat-supply service increase or the increase of heat supply network quantity of circulating water
Condition, and in the way of improved unit heat supply typically uses " electricity determining by heat " or " by the fixed heat of electricity ", under actual peak regulation scope is obvious
Drop, the operational flexibility of thermal power plant unit can not be improved comprehensively.Also some indivedual units use the fortune of complete resection low pressure (LP) cylinder
Line mode, is similar to the operation of low pressure (LP) cylinder optical axis, in the case of misoperation or the method for operation are irrational, can directly affect low pressure
The safe operation of cylinder, there is also certain technical risk for the method for operation.
Unit operation back pressure declines, and the minimum cooling flow that low pressure (LP) cylinder needs will be directly proportional declines, is realizing that low pressure (LP) cylinder is super
On the basis of low back pressure operation, using " flexibility excision low pressure (LP) cylinder " running technology, it can realize that minimum cooling operating mode (cuts cylinder automatically
State) to the continuous flexible switchover operation of different heat supply running operating modes and condensing operating mode.It is real for most of thermal power plant unit
The minimum cooling flow of border operation supplying thermal condition can decline more than 100-150t/h, and unit unit area of heat-supply service can increase 150-
Machine lower class limit operation electric load increase 50-75MW, the heat capacity of unit and operation under 2200000 square metres, or identical heating load
Flexibility can all be significantly improved.
The content of the invention
The extraction for heat supply system flexibility and control method for the excision low pressure (LP) cylinder that the present invention is provided, it is possible to resolve confession of drawing gas at present
Heat engine group heat capacity is relatively low, the technical problem of runing adjustment very flexible.
To solve the above problems, realizing that the flexibility operation of low pressure (LP) cylinder steam inlet condition and steam discharge parameter synchronization match control is controlled
Mode processed, is transformed or is changed to low pressure (LP) cylinder steam inlet pipe road butterfly valve first, it is closed operation during heat supply, is protected simultaneously
Card meets the through-current capacity that 1-2% nominal low-voltage cylinders enter steam flow amount when closing, and meets butterfly valve and pipe-line system is in hot stand-by duty,
And take vapour to enter vapour bypass conduit system by setting up low pressure (LP) cylinder before original heat supply network heating system extraction line isolating valve, it is ensured that no
The matching of unit thermoelectricity load is met with the low pressure (LP) cylinder through-current capacity under operating condition, and in certain limit.
Low pressure (LP) cylinder enters vapour bypass conduit system, and entering vapour cooler, minimum cooled vapor by low pressure (LP) cylinder leads directly to pipeline, cooling steaming
Vapour low discharge regulation pipeline, cooling steam big flow regulation pipeline composition.
Low pressure (LP) cylinder enters vapour cooler, using finned Pipe bundle structure, and its vapour side uses double-flow, and water side uses single process,
Finned-tube bundle preferably uses low-density pattern, is being effectively increased the heat exchange area of steam side simultaneously, and control system crushing reduces equipment
Volume.
Low pressure (LP) cylinder enters the cooling water source heat supply network circulating water reclamation of vapour cooler its heat, and cooling water may be derived from heat supply network circulation
Exit of pump hot net water, cooling backwater is recycled to heat exchangers for district heating outlet pipeline or circulation pump of heat-supply network entrance pipe.
Low pressure (LP) cylinder minimum cooled vapor leads directly to pipeline by under specified heat supply pressure and ultralow back pressure, it is ensured that low pressure (LP) cylinder minimum is cold
But flow is designed, and it is to design orifice union, group on 2%-5% low pressure (LP) cylinder rated steam inlet flows, pipeline to design through-flow flow
The form of part can use throttle orifice or negative throat noz(zle) pattern, and this programme is recommended to use negative throat noz(zle) pattern, and this component also can basis
Pressure and temperature before and after nozzle, conveniently calculates low pressure (LP) cylinder and enters steam flow amount, and nozzle flow is critical flow particularly under low discharge
Amount, its flow is directly proportional to pressure before nozzle, and flow rate calculation is more direct.
Cooling steam low discharge regulation pipeline can be drawn gas in unit parameter, low pressure (LP) cylinder back pressure Parameters variation when, in time adjustment
Low pressure (LP) cylinder enters steam flow amount, this circuit design electric control valve, orifice union.Made during the effect of orifice union by certain throttling
With the degree of regulation and the range of linearity of raising pitch, pattern preferably use throttle orifice.The cooling of low pressure (LP) cylinder steam adjusts the through-flow of pipeline
Flow is under design (or according to reality) heat supply pressure, minimum cooled vapor leads directly to pipeline, cooling steam low discharge regulation pipeline
Total flow enters vapour flow design for 15%-20% nominal low-voltage cylinder.
Low pressure (LP) cylinder, which enters vapour cooling steam big flow regulation pipeline, can ensure, when heating load changes by a relatively large margin, to meet low pressure
Cylinder larger flow enters vapour through-current capability, this circuit design one bypass electric control valve.Above-mentioned three roads low pressure (LP) cylinder admission passage
Total capacity, should ensure that unit under specified extraction pressure, the low pressure (LP) cylinder that 30-40% or so is met under pipeline normal flow enters vapour
The through-current capability of flow.Low pressure (LP) cylinder steam inlet condition is monitored during running for convenience and realization is automatically controlled, in cooling
Before and after device, before regulating valve, low pressure (LP) cylinder admission passage and exhaust line install pressure and temperature measuring point additional respectively, before cooler plus
Flow-through orifice is filled, is monitored in real time to entering steam flow amount.Wherein heat supply extraction pressure, low pressure (LP) cylinder admission passage and exhaust line pressure
Power is designed as two from three absolute pressure measuring point, and temperature uses RTD pattern.
The control mode of heat supply running can according to different heating loads and unit load situation, be divided into low pressure (LP) cylinder enter, steam discharge most
Small pressure ratio operation control method is " excision low pressure (LP) cylinder operation basic control mode "；Minimum cooling steam amount control mode is " to cut
Except low pressure (LP) cylinder runs automatic control mode " and minimum cooling steam amount limitation under the manual regulative mode of parameter of drawing gas " cool down
Flow restriction heat supply running mode " and automatic four kinds of cylinder heat-supplying mode " cylinder operation automatic control mode is cut in flexibility " of cutting run control
Mode processed.
(1) excision low pressure (LP) cylinder operation basic control mode
The critical flow (maximum stream flow) of orifice union on low pressure (LP) cylinder minimum cooling pipe is according to design heat supply is drawn gas
Under pressure, the entering of low pressure (LP) cylinder, steam discharge pressure ratio P under no minimum runing adjustmentB/PcIt is worth the pressure ratio phase with the maximum supplying thermal condition of design
Same principle design.In actual motion, there is low pressure (LP) cylinder throttle flow and back pressure not in economy, the change of heat supply extraction pressure
The phenomenon of matching.Therefore, it is necessary to using automatic regulating system in time to the minimum cooling flow of low pressure (LP) cylinder in actual moving process
It is controlled, makes PB/PcActual value close to set-point.Basic Controlling principle is：Ensure that low pressure (LP) cylinder enters steam discharge pressure ratio and remains certain
Ratio, to control low pressure (LP) cylinder cooling flow control valve opening.
, can be by adjusting manually when extraction pressure or low pressure (LP) cylinder exhaust temperature deviation prescribed limit in actual moving process
Whole low pressure (LP) cylinder enters the set-point of steam discharge pressure ratio to control low pressure (LP) cylinder throttle flow, carrys out indirect control.
(2) excision low pressure (LP) cylinder operation automatic control mode
Enter, on the basis of steam discharge pressure ratio in control low pressure (LP) cylinder, while controlling low pressure (LP) cylinder delivery temperature.
When heat supply extraction pressure and low pressure (LP) cylinder exhaust steam pressure change, enter in low pressure (LP) cylinder, the actual pressure ratio one of steam discharge
In the case of fixed, the low pressure (LP) cylinder steam discharge degree of superheat can also change, when the degree of superheat and the given temperature model of actual exhaust temperature
Enclose when there is deviation, can suitably be corrected by difference variation low pressure (LP) cylinder enter, the pressure ratio value of steam discharge, correcting mode can be using giving to original
Determine ratio to be multiplied by the mode of correction factor further to finely tune PB/Pc, its correction factor scope it is smaller it is general (0.9-1.2) it
Between change.
(3) cooling flow limitation heat supply running regulative mode
When unit extraction pressure is high, the big large and small regulating valve of low pressure (LP) cylinder cooling steam can be opened manually, met heat, electricity and matched
It is required that, when large and small control valve opening is larger, former extraction for heat supply butterfly valve can be opened and further adjusted.Work as extraction pressure
Low, when each valve need to turn down valve, the aperture of valve is entered by low pressure (LP) cylinder, steam discharge pressure ratio and the steam discharge degree of superheat are limited, and make low pressure (LP) cylinder
Enter steam flow amount and be not less than minimum cooling flow.
(4) cylinder operation automatic control mode is cut in flexibility
Flexibility cuts cylinder mode to cut cylinder heat-supplying mode automatically, in this manner, when heat supply pressure is less than or equal to give
During pressure, unit is in and cuts cylinder running status, and the correction factor maintenance 1 that buckling of drawing gas enters steam discharge pressure ratio to low pressure (LP) cylinder is constant.
Now control mode is equivalent to automatic excision low pressure (LP) cylinder operation control method.
When extraction pressure is higher than setting pressure, illustrates that the amount of drawing gas is less than normal, low pressure (LP) cylinder need to increase throttle flow, now pass through meter
The ratio of the actual extraction pressure of calculation and setting pressure enters to low pressure (LP) cylinder, the set-point of steam discharge pressure ratio is modified, and is actually drawing gas
The ratio of pressure and given extraction pressure is in 1-1.2 scope, and correction factor is also 1-1.2, when actual extraction pressure is with giving
When determining the ratio of extraction pressure and further increasing, correction factor proportionate relationship progressively strengthens, and such as pressure ratio reaches 2, low pressure (LP) cylinder
Enter, the set-point of steam discharge pressure ratio should reach 5 or so, during ensureing that extraction pressure is quickly significantly raised, and comparatively fast increase low pressure (LP) cylinder
Throttle flow, keep extraction pressure controlled range change.
The present invention uses simultaneously match unit extraction pressure, and control low pressure (LP) cylinder enters the mode of vapour and steam discharge parameter, can be achieved
The flexibility excision low pressure (LP) cylinder operation of steam extraction heat supply unit, greatly improves heat capacity and peak modulation capacity and unit load is adapted to
Property, it is flexibility transformation and the capacity-increasing transformation of heating system of thermal power plant unit, thermal power plant unit running optimizatin provides a kind of safety can
Lean on, economic renovation technique.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of the extraction for heat supply system of flexibility excision low pressure (LP) cylinder in the first embodiment of the invention
(a wet/cold group)；
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of the extraction for heat supply system of flexibility excision low pressure (LP) cylinder in second of embodiment of the invention
(Direct Air-cooled Unit)；
The heat supply that Fig. 3 is the present invention is drawn gas cooler construction figure；
The low pressure (LP) cylinder that Fig. 4 is the present invention enters vapour bypass arrangement figure；
Cylinder operation automatic control system figure is cut in the flexibility that Fig. 5 is the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the control principle schematic diagram of the extraction for heat supply system of the flexibility excision low pressure (LP) cylinder of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the block diagram for the extraction for heat supply system that flexibility of the present invention cuts off low pressure (LP) cylinder.
Embodiment
The extraction for heat supply system of prior art steam extraction heat supply unit is drawn gas directly to heat exchangers for district heating steam supply, heat supply from heat supply
Extraction pressure enters vapour butterfly valve by low pressure (LP) cylinder and adjusted, it is ensured that during the safe operation of low pressure (LP) cylinder, Winter heat supply, wet type cooling unit operation
Back pressure maintains 4-6kPa, and Air-cooled Unit operation back pressure maintains 8-10kPa, and single low pressure (LP) cylinder ensures 120-150t/h minimum
Enter vapour cooling flow.Now low pressure (LP) cylinder exhaust stage blade is in certain air blast running status, the reality of low pressure (LP) cylinder exhaust stage blade
Efficiency is less than 30%, and negative work phenomenon may also occur in indivedual unit final stages.Under this backpressure condition, such as further directly significantly
Degree reduction low pressure (LP) cylinder enters steam flow amount, and final stage, the Overblow state of secondary final blage can be further exacerbated by, and make two-stage blade exit temperature big
Width increase, dynamic stress increase, directly affects the safe operation of final stage, penult.And the measure to low pressure cylinder spray desuperheat is used,
Only play the purpose of reduction lp outer casing temperature, it is impossible to effectively solve the safety issue of flow passage component.
The decline of low pressure (LP) cylinder cooling flow is remarkably improved heat capacity and peak modulation capacity.When low pressure (LP) cylinder enters steam flow amount and the back of the body
When pressing proportional decline, its low pressure (LP) cylinder steam discharge volume flow can remain unchanged substantially, the dynamic stress level of low pressure (LP) cylinder exhaust stage blade
Approximately equal, but static stress level is proportional declines, and the security reliability of low pressure (LP) cylinder overall operation is compared with low pressure (LP) cylinder in design condition
The method of operation of lower minimum cooling flow tends to be safe and reliable.Therefore reduction operation back pressure, maintains low pressure (LP) cylinder initial steam pressure and row
The pressure ratio that the pressure ratio of steam pressure is designed with it under maximum confession heat flow is consistent, is to realize having for the reduction minimum cooling flow of low pressure (LP) cylinder
Effect approach.
Steam extraction heat supply unit is run in the winter time, and circulating water temperature can drop to 10 in the case of the minimum cooling flow of low pressure (LP) cylinder
Below DEG C, decline of the coolant water temperature to realize operation back pressure provides necessary condition.But the limit back of the body of current water ring vacuum pump
Pressure is generally 3.3kPa, and achievable minimum operation back pressure safely and effectively reduces low pressure (LP) cylinder cooling flow in 4-5kPa
Space it is smaller.
The purpose for realizing reduction operation back pressure is such as reached, the problem of current vavuum pump vacuum capability is not enough need to be solved.
Research shows, by setting up a set of auxiliary pumped vacuum systems, can be effectively improved the vacuum capability of former vavuum pump, realize unit
Ultralow back pressure safe and stable operation.
Under the conditions of ultralow back pressure operation, the minimum cooling flow of the single low pressure (LP) cylinder of wet type cooling unit can be reduced to 45t/h or so,
The minimum cooling flow of the single low pressure (LP) cylinder of Air-cooled Unit can be reduced to 20t/h or so, and the unit low pressure (LP) cylinder of general optical axis operation is needed
20-30t/h cooling flow, the ultralow back pressure operation of unit can reach approximately and transform the method for operation basic one with low pressure (LP) cylinder optical axis
The heat capacity of cause.
Even flow is not less than 150-200t/h for the minimum cooling of major part thermal power plant unit low pressure (LP) cylinder actual motion at present, strictly according to the facts
The minimum cooling flow of border operation supplying thermal condition can decline 100-150t/h, and unit unit area of heat-supply service can increase 150-220 ten thousand
Square metre, or machine lower class limit operating load increases 50-75MW under identical heating load.
The design heat supply extraction pressure of current big thermoelecrtic unit supplying thermal condition is general in 0.3MPa to 0.4MPa, TMCR works
Under condition throttle flow, corresponding 220-250 DEG C of heat supply extraction temperature；And under 75%THA operating mode throttle flows, corresponding heat supply is drawn gas temperature
Degree can reach 250-280 DEG C；General low pressure (LP) cylinder is under the maximum supplying thermal condition of design, and low pressure (LP) cylinder steam discharge occurs that certain overheat shows
As when ultralow back pressure operation, in the case of steam discharge pressure ratio identical is entered, although the change of its exhaust temperature is little, but the degree of superheat
Can substantially it increase.
The steam discharge degree of superheat to be made integrally is controlled in zone of reasonableness, and being one by suitably reducing throttle (steam) temperature effectively arranges
Apply.In actual motion, underrun, low pressure (LP) cylinder need to more cut the operation of cylinder state, and now extraction pressure is relatively low, and extraction temperature should
Between for 230-260 DEG C, entering vapour cooler by setting up low pressure (LP) cylinder has declined its throttle (steam) temperature, can effectively reduce low pressure
The degree of superheat of cylinder steam discharge.Its type of cooling includes spray desuperheating and surface-type is cooled down, it is contemplated that actual pipe-line system and low pressure (LP) cylinder
Entrance distance it is shorter, atomizing effect is poor, and there may be low pressure (LP) cylinder blade water slug phenomenon.The present invention recommends to use surface-type
Low-density fin configuration cooler, suitably to cool down low pressure (LP) cylinder throttle (steam) temperature, control low-pressure final stage enters hot mass dryness fraction close to saturation
Temperature, so that water erosion will not be produced to final stage.Because coolant water temperature and the steam temperature difference are larger, increase and decrease quantity of circulating water and quantity of steam, always
The amplitude of variation of heat exchange amount is smaller, in turnover coolant-temperature gage certain limit, adjusts cooling water inflow, the adjustment effect to adjusting steam temperature
It is smaller, when excessively reducing water, cooling water vapor can be caused, influence system is normally run, therefore it is unsuitable to enter vapour cooling water flow
It is used as the adjust automatically means of throttle (steam) temperature；And cooler has certain adaptive ability in system operation, it can not enter
The frequent regulation of water-filling amount.
During steam extraction heat supply unit heat supply running, low pressure (LP) cylinder enters vapour butterfly valve and carries out aperture according to the demand of heat supply network heating system
Adjustment, it is ensured that while heat supply, will also control low pressure (LP) cylinder throttle flow to meet minimum cooling flow requirement.In actual moving process
In, it is overly conservative during progress aperture adjustment because the through-current capacity that low pressure (LP) cylinder enters vapour butterfly valve is big, run actual aperture greatly, examine simultaneously
Consider valve poor controllability, easily there are bite or other failures, often lead to low pressure (LP) cylinder it is actual enter steam flow amount it is substantially bigger than normal, enter
And have influence on the heat capacity and peak modulation capacity of unit.
The cooling flow of low pressure (LP) cylinder is effectively reduced, first has to reduce unit operation back pressure.Such as to reach realization reduction fortune
The purpose of row back pressure, need to solve the problem of current vavuum pump vacuum capability is low, and low pressure is cut off there is provided herein a kind of flexibility
The extraction for heat supply system of cylinder, including a set of auxiliary pumped vacuum systems 32 ', a set of low pressure (LP) cylinder enter vapour chiller system and a set of low pressure
Cylinder enters vapour bypass conduit system 34.Wherein, the installation site of unit cold end system 33 is also show in Fig. 7, its structure and effect
It is identical compared with technology, it refer to prior art.
Aid in pumped vacuum systems 32 ' and pumped vacuum systems coordinate, to realize that the ultralow back pressure of steam extraction heat supply unit is steady safely
It is fixed.I.e. before the series connection of auxiliary pumped vacuum systems 32 ' and original vavuum pump (pumped vacuum systems).Aid in pumped vacuum systems main by big
Flow backing vacuum pump 24, cooling device 27, water ring vacuum pump 26 are constituted.Backing vacuum pump limit back pressure is left up to 0.5kPa
The right side, to realize that the ultralow back pressure operation of unit creates basic condition, big flow backing vacuum pump 24 is vacuumized to unit, in machine
Group cooling condition is met below 10-15 DEG C of circulating cooling coolant-temperature gage under conditions of requirement, 5 DEG C of Direct Air-cooled Unit environment temperature,
Unit operation back pressure is can be controlled within 1.5-2kPa, and now the outlet pressure of backing vacuum pump 24 can reach 4-5kPa, and auxiliary is true
The exhaust vapour mixture of empty pump 24, it is hydrophobic to be recycled to through valve 29 after most of steam is cooled after being cooled down through cooling device 27
Condenser 23 or steam exhaust device 32, are so reduced into the air inlet vapour amount of water ring vacuum pump 26, relative to improve water ring vacuum pump
26 exert oneself, enables the system to realize lower back pressure operation, while reducing medium-loss.
Steam extraction heat supply unit original heat-supplying mode is discharged to draw gas through intermediate pressure cylinder 1, and a part of extraction for heat supply net heater 31 adds
The external heat supply of heat supply network recirculated water；A small amount of steam heating heat regenerative system, another part by heat supply butterfly valve 2 enter low pressure (LP) cylinder 5 after
Continuous acting, final low pressure (LP) cylinder steam discharge enters condenser 23 or steam exhaust device 32.
To reduce the cooling steam flow for entering low pressure (LP) cylinder, low pressure (LP) cylinder steam inlet pipe road butterfly valve 2 need to be transformed or changed,
Ensure the through-current capacity for there are 1-2% nominal low-voltage cylinders to enter steam flow amount when closing, meet butterfly valve and pipe-line system is in hot stand-by duty.
Excessive in view of butterfly valve bore, low discharge degree of regulation is poor, need to set up low pressure (LP) cylinder and enter vapour bypass conduit system 34.It takes vapour to come from
Before original heat supply network heating system extraction line isolating valve 30.Enter vapour bypass conduit system by setting up low pressure (LP) cylinder, meet different fortune
Low pressure (LP) cylinder cooling flow under the conditions of row, and meet in certain limit the Flow-rate adjustment of the matching of unit thermoelectricity load.
Low pressure (LP) cylinder enters vapour bypass conduit system, is arranged on the mesolow communicating pipe of steam extraction heat supply unit, is taken out for realizing
The flexibility combustion adjustment transformation of vapour thermal power plant unit.Low pressure (LP) cylinder enters vapour bypass conduit system and enters vapour cooler, most including low pressure (LP) cylinder
Small cooled vapor leads directly to pipeline, cooling steam low discharge regulation pipeline and cooling steam big flow regulation pipeline.I.e. low pressure (LP) cylinder enters
Vapour bypass conduit system enters vapour cooler 11 and three branch road compositions including low pressure (LP) cylinder.Low pressure (LP) cylinder cooling steam enters by valve 8
Enter low pressure (LP) cylinder and enter vapour cooler 11, after cooling, by minimum cooled vapor lead directly to pipeline, cooling steam low discharge adjust pipeline,
It is ultimately connected to after cooling steam big flow regulation pipeline after heat supply butterfly valve 2 on pipeline.
Low pressure (LP) cylinder enters vapour cooler 11 for low-density fin type heat exchange structure, and cooling water source is heat supply network recirculated water, low pressure (LP) cylinder
Enter the water of vapour cooler 11 and enter vapour cooler 11, backwater root into low pressure (LP) cylinder through valve 36 for circulation pump of heat-supply network outlet hot net water
Factually water return pipeline length in border determines that recovery position can be recycled to heat exchangers for district heating water outlet through valve 37 or be circulated through valve 34
Pump entrance.Low pressure (LP) cylinder enters hydrophobic in vapour cooler 11 is recycled to condenser 23 or steam exhaust device 32 through valve 35.Low pressure (LP) cylinder enters
The design capacity of vapour cooler 11 is under specified extraction pressure, when cooled vapor leads directly to pipeline isolated operation, vapor (steam) temperature declines
30-40℃。
The front and rear increase steam pressure of the heat exchanger 11 that draws gas and temperature point 6,7,9,10,12,13, data during convenient operation
Monitoring in real time and analysis.Drawing gas after heat exchange, can be adjusted by three road low pressure (LP) cylinder admission passages.The first via cools down to be minimum
Steam leads directly to pipeline, by under specified heat supply pressure and ultralow back pressure, it is ensured that low pressure (LP) cylinder minimum cooling flow is designed, and design is logical
Flow is flowed for 2%-5% low pressure (LP) cylinder rated steam inlet flow Air-cooled Units get the small value, wet type cooling unit takes large values, and installs section on this pipeline additional
Flow component 16, component use throttle orifice or negative throat noz(zle) pattern, this programme recommend use negative throat noz(zle) pattern such as Fig. 4, this
Component also can conveniently calculate low pressure (LP) cylinder and enter steam flow amount according to pressure and temperature before and after nozzle, the nozzle particularly under low discharge
Flow is critical flow, is directly proportional to its flow to pressure before nozzle, flow rate calculation is more direct.Designed before orifice union manual
Door 15, convenient combustion adjustment if necessary.
Second tunnel is that cooling steam low discharge adjusts pipeline, and the nominal low-voltage cylinder by under specified extraction pressure 15% or so enters
Vapour flow design, when the parameter that can be drawn gas in unit, low pressure (LP) cylinder back pressure Parameters variation, adjustment low pressure (LP) cylinder enters steam flow amount in time.This pipe
Road design electric control valve 17, throttling element 18, when the pressure ratio of low pressure (LP) cylinder initial steam pressure 3 and low pressure (LP) cylinder exhaust steam pressure 21 becomes
Change, low pressure (LP) cylinder exhaust temperature 7 exceed setting range, heat supply extraction pressure it is higher 6 when, can pass through electric control valve 17 adjust low pressure
Cylinder enters steam flow amount.
Low pressure (LP) cylinder, which enters vapour chiller system, has certain adaptive ability, by suitably reducing throttle (steam) temperature, to ensure
The low pressure (LP) cylinder steam discharge degree of superheat is integrally controlled within zone of reasonableness.Specifically, equipped with section in the main pipe for entering first, second tunnel
Discharge orifice plate 14 is used to measure through-current capacity during compared with low discharge.Two-way pipe throttling element 16,18 forward and backward pipelines diameter according to pipeline
Steam pressure, temperature and flow, control certain flow rates, are determined, therefore optional thinner caliber before throttling, throttling
Select afterwards and enter the close caliber of vapour bypass house steward.
3rd tunnel is that cooling steam big flow regulation pipeline has larger through-current capability larger, by under specified extraction pressure
40% or so nominal low-voltage cylinder enters vapour flow design.When extraction pressure 6 changes or out of service in heat supply network heating system
I.e. pure condensate operating mode when unit safe and stable operation, electric control valve 19 opens.Under specified extraction pressure, this three roads through-current capacity can
The low pressure (LP) cylinder of satisfaction 50% or so enters the through-current capability of steam flow amount, it is ensured that unit is in heat supply network heating system i.e. pure condensate work out of service
During condition, it is ensured that low pressure (LP) cylinder normally enters steam flow amount.
Heat supply draws gas flexibility combustion adjustment system when putting into operation, and former heat supply butterfly valve 2 can close operation, also can be in necessity
When in the case of be adjusted.
The control mode of heat supply running can according to different heating loads and unit load situation, be divided into low pressure (LP) cylinder enter, steam discharge most
Small pressure ratio operation control method (i.e. " excision low pressure (LP) cylinder operation basic control mode ")；Minimum cooling steam amount operation control method
Parameter of drawing gas under (i.e. " excision low pressure (LP) cylinder operation automatic control mode ") and minimum cooling steam amount limitation adjusts control manually
Mode (i.e. " cooling flow limitation heat supply running mode ") and automatic cut cylinder heat-supplying mode (i.e. " flexibility is cut cylinder operation and controlled automatically
Mode processed ") four kinds of operation control methods.
(1) excision low pressure (LP) cylinder operation basic control mode
Excision low pressure (LP) cylinder operation control method Controlling principle be：Ensure that low pressure (LP) cylinder enters steam discharge pressure ratio and maintains certain ratio,
To control low pressure (LP) cylinder cooling flow control valve opening.The switching player of the manual automatic switchover 53 of now extraction pressure control moves, its
Export K2=1, the dynamic output K of a few players of process handover module 49 of output of degree of superheat Control PID 481=1, the output of multiplier 50
For 1, heat supply extraction pressure 6 and the parameter of low pressure (LP) cylinder exhaust temperature 22 are not involved in direct control.
Low pressure (LP) cylinder initial steam pressure PB3rd, low pressure (LP) cylinder exhaust steam pressure PC21 calculate pressure ratio P by divider 38B/CGiven with pressure ratio
Definite value PB/CS relatively after, through dead band 41, PID regulator 43 export f4x、f5X controls the aperture of small, big motor-operated control valve 17,19,
To realize control targe.f4x、f5In x, aperture and the relation of PID regulator 43 press flow nonlinear function configuration, large and small pitch
There is certain overlapping range, to ensure that system fading margin is steady.
, can be by adjusting manually when extraction pressure or low pressure (LP) cylinder exhaust temperature deviation prescribed limit in actual moving process
Whole low pressure (LP) cylinder enters the set-point of steam discharge pressure ratio to control low pressure (LP) cylinder throttle flow, and indirect control is controlled parameter.
(2) excision low pressure (LP) cylinder operation automatic control mode
The switching player of the manual automatic switchover 53 of control extraction pressure control moves, and it exports K2=1.
On the basis of the control mode, excision low pressure (LP) cylinder operation basic control mode, while controlling low pressure (LP) cylinder exhaust temperature.Vapour
Turbine discharge pressure PC21 through f1X44 can calculate its saturation temperature value, through adder 45 and given saturation temperature value T0After addition
Into subtracter and TCCompare, and pass through f2PID regulator 48 is sent into after x47 processing, exhaust temperature is formed and given pressure ratio is repaiied
Positive coefficient, the scope of Control PID adjuster 48 changes between (0.9-1.2), only meets fine setting and requires.
(3) cooling flow limitation heat supply running regulative mode
The switching player of the manual automatic switchover 53 of control extraction pressure control moves, and it exports K2=1.
On the basis of excision low pressure (LP) cylinder operation automatic control mode, drawn gas parameter for convenience of regulation, can increase by two bypasses
The manual operation function of valve.
, can be cold by taking the big manual setting of loop 43 to open low pressure (LP) cylinder when unit extraction pressure and heating load need to be adjusted
But total instruction of the large and small regulating valve of steam is directly controlled, when large and small control valve opening is larger, can be opened original and be drawn gas confession
Hot butterfly valve is further adjusted.When extraction pressure is low, and each valve need to turn down valve, the aperture of valve is entered by low pressure (LP) cylinder, arranged
The limitation of the vapour pressure when steam discharge degree of superheat, enters steam flow amount by PID42 control low pressure (LP) cylinders and is not less than minimum cooling flow.
(4) cylinder operation automatic control mode is cut in flexibility
Flexibility cuts cylinder mode to cut cylinder heat-supplying mode automatically, in this manner, and manual/auto handoff block 49,53 is selected
Select automatic.
When heat supply pressure is less than or equal to setting pressure, unit is in and cuts cylinder running status, and buckling of drawing gas is to low pressure (LP) cylinder
The correction factor maintenance 1 for entering steam discharge pressure ratio is constant.Now control mode is equivalent to excision low pressure (LP) cylinder operation automatic control mode.
As extraction pressure PA6 are higher than setting pressure PADuring s, the output pressure ratio P of divider 51A/PAS is more than 1, the ratio
Value passes through f2X enters to low pressure (LP) cylinder, the set-point of steam discharge pressure ratio is modified, in actual extraction pressure and the ratio of given extraction pressure
Value is in 1-1.2 scope, correction factor=PA/PAS, now can keep bypass door aperture constant substantially.When actual extraction pressure
When further increasing with the ratio of given extraction pressure, correction factor progressively strengthens, when such as pressure ratio reaches 2, low pressure (LP) cylinder enters,
The set-point of steam discharge pressure ratio should reach 5 or so, during ensureing that extraction pressure is quickly significantly raised, very fast to increase entering for low pressure (LP) cylinder
Vapour amount, keeps extraction pressure to change in controlled range.Rate limit blocks 54 can limit f2The rate of change of x output valves, it is ensured that
System fading margin is steady.
In actual motion when extraction pressure is substantially higher, heat supply butterfly valve 2 can be also adjusted in time and maintains parameter of drawing gas normal.
Specific case used herein is set forth to the principle and embodiment of the present invention, and above example is said
The bright method and its core concept for being only intended to help to understand the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the ordinary skill of the art
For personnel, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvement and modification can also be carried out to the present invention, these improvement
Also fallen into modification in the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of flexibility cuts off the extraction for heat supply system of low pressure (LP) cylinder, it is characterised in that the system includes：
A set of auxiliary pumped vacuum systems, coordinates with the pumped vacuum systems of steam extraction heat supply unit, to realize that steam extraction heat supply unit is ultralow
Back pressure safety and stability；
A set of low pressure (LP) cylinder enters vapour chiller system, and the system has certain adaptive ability, by suitably reducing throttle (steam) temperature,
To ensure that the low pressure (LP) cylinder steam discharge degree of superheat is integrally controlled within zone of reasonableness；
A set of low pressure (LP) cylinder enters vapour bypass conduit system, is arranged on the mesolow communicating pipe of steam extraction heat supply unit, is taken out for realizing
The flexibility combustion adjustment transformation of vapour thermal power plant unit；The low pressure (LP) cylinder enters vapour bypass conduit system and enters vapour cooling including low pressure (LP) cylinder
Device, minimum cooled vapor lead directly to pipeline, cooling steam low discharge regulation pipeline and cooling steam big flow regulation pipeline.
2. a kind of control method of the extraction for heat supply system for the flexibility excision low pressure (LP) cylinder for being used to weigh described in 1, it is characterised in that should
Control method is specially：The safety running control mode of unit is selected according to the different heating loads of unit and unit electric load situation,
Wherein the safety running control mode of unit includes following several：Cut off low pressure (LP) cylinder operation basic control mode, excision low pressure (LP) cylinder
Cylinder operation automatic control mode is cut in operation automatic control mode, cooling flow limitation heat supply running mode and flexibility.
3. control method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the excision low pressure (LP) cylinder operation basic control mode is specific
For：Ensure that low pressure (LP) cylinder enters steam discharge pressure ratio and maintains certain ratio, and introduce the ratio pair for calculating actual extraction pressure and setting pressure
Low pressure (LP) cylinder enters, the set-point of steam discharge pressure ratio is modified coefficient, to control low pressure (LP) cylinder cooling flow control valve opening.
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