CN108561196B - Safety protection system and method for cutting off operation of low-pressure cylinder of thermal power generating unit - Google Patents
Safety protection system and method for cutting off operation of low-pressure cylinder of thermal power generating unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN108561196B CN108561196B CN201810181135.0A CN201810181135A CN108561196B CN 108561196 B CN108561196 B CN 108561196B CN 201810181135 A CN201810181135 A CN 201810181135A CN 108561196 B CN108561196 B CN 108561196B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 233
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 155
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 5
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/003—Arrangements for measuring or testing
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of operation of thermal power generating units, and relates to a safety protection system and method for cutting off operation of a low-pressure cylinder of a thermal power generating unit. The system comprises the equipment of the original unit, and a middle-low cylinder steam guide pipe hydraulic control butterfly valve which can be completely closed is transformed; adding a cooling steam system of the low-pressure cylinder; the low-pressure cylinder water spray temperature reduction system is improved; various pressure sensors, flow measuring devices and galvanic resistors are added. In the safety protection method, a protection method for opening and allowing closing of the hydraulic control butterfly valve in an interlocking way is designed; an interlocking closing protection method for the steam extraction stop valve and the steam extraction check valve and a manual closing protection method; the protection method for interlocking opening and closing of the steam extraction speed-closing regulating valve; the method for protecting the cooling steam regulating valve by interlocking opening and interlocking closing is provided; the method for protecting the interlocking opening and the interlocking closing of the water injection regulating valve of the low pressure cylinder and the method for protecting the high or low exhaust pressure of the medium pressure cylinder. The operation safety of the turbine unit is protected in the cylinder cutting process of the thermal generator unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of operation of thermal power generating units, and particularly relates to a thermal safety protection system and method for cutting off low-pressure cylinder operation of a thermal power generating unit.
Background
In recent years, large-scale coal-to-electricity units in the northern area of China, which are close to cities, are all transformed into cogeneration units, heat is supplied to urban residents in a heating period, the power generation load of the units is increased along with the increase of the heat supply quantity, meanwhile, the capacity of new energy sources such as wind power, photovoltaic and the like, namely the installed power capacity of the electric power is continuously and rapidly increased, a large amount of clean energy sources are provided for wind power, photovoltaic and the like, but the randomness and the instability of the power generation capacity of the large-scale coal-to-electricity units also exist, and great challenges are provided for the safe operation and the power supply guarantee of a power system. The current heating period power system adjustment capability is difficult to completely adapt to the requirements of large-scale development and consumption of a cogeneration unit and new energy, and the problems of wind and light abandoning are serious.
In order to relieve excess power productivity, accelerate energy technical innovation, mine peak regulation potential of coal-fired units, promote thermal power operation flexibility of China, comprehensively improve peak regulation and new energy consumption capability of a power system, and the national energy bureau has issued related files such as notification of project test points about thermal power flexibility improvement, operation rules (trial run) of northeast electric auxiliary service markets, and aims to improve a cogeneration unit, fully exert thermal decoupling effect, and relieve renewable energy consumption and electricity consumption heat contradiction.
The large-scale cogeneration unit bears two products of heat supply and power supply in a heating period, the heat supply quantity of the unit is matched with local weather parameters and heat supply area, the power supply quantity of the unit is matched with the requirements of users of a power grid, the large-scale cogeneration unit usually utilizes a medium-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine to exhaust steam to a heating network heater to heat circulating water of the heating network, and under the original design condition, a low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine still needs to keep minimum steam flow, namely the low-pressure cylinder still has larger acting capacity, and the mode that the low-pressure cylinder is cut off to run in order to meet the deep peak regulation capacity of the power grid is changed from a condensing unit to a back pressure unit is one of the modes of flexible transformation.
The operation of the low-pressure cylinder is cut off, namely, a hydraulic control butterfly valve which can be completely closed is transformed in a steam inlet pipeline of the low-pressure cylinder, so that the power generation output of the low-pressure cylinder is zero when the unit is in operation, and the medium-pressure cylinder steam exhaust of the steam turbine is completely used for heating. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the blast heating of the final stage blade of the low-pressure cylinder, a low-pressure cylinder cooling steam system and an automatic low-pressure cylinder water spray adjusting system are additionally arranged.
In the process that the steam turbine is changed into a back pressure unit operation mode from the extraction condensing unit, if the coordination and the matching of a hydraulic control butterfly valve, a steam extraction speed closing regulating valve and a cooling steam regulating valve are unreasonable, or the control of parameters such as the steam exhaust pressure of a medium-pressure cylinder, the steam inlet pressure of a low-pressure cylinder, the steam exhaust temperature of the low-pressure cylinder and the like is unreasonable, or the control of the cooling steam flow of the low-pressure cylinder and the steam exhaust temperature of the steam turbine is higher than a specified value, the safe operation of the steam turbine is affected, and the shutdown of the unit even destructive accidents occur.
When the unit operates under the original extraction condensing working condition, the unit is provided with a set of relatively perfect thermal protection system, the extraction condensing working condition is changed into the flexible cutting-off low-pressure cylinder working condition, and the thermal protection system needs to be changed and perfected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to:
aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a safety protection system and a safety protection method for cutting off the operation of a low-pressure cylinder of a thermal power generating unit, and aims to ensure the safe operation of the unit so as to meet the heat supply and power supply requirements.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the utility model provides a thermal power generating unit excision low pressure jar operation safety protection system which characterized in that: the system comprises a thermal generator set, wherein a boiler outlet of the thermal generator set is communicated with a high-pressure cylinder through a pipeline, a flow metering device, a steam turbine main steam valve and a high-pressure regulating valve are arranged in the pipeline for communicating the boiler outlet with the high-pressure cylinder, a steam exhaust pipe of the high-pressure cylinder is communicated with a medium-pressure cylinder through a boiler and is used as a steam inlet pipeline of the medium-pressure cylinder, the steam inlet pipeline of the medium-pressure cylinder is provided with the medium-pressure regulating valve, the medium-pressure cylinder is communicated with a low-pressure cylinder through a medium-low-pressure communicating pipeline, a hydraulic control butterfly valve is arranged between the medium-pressure cylinder and the low-pressure cylinder in the medium-low-pressure communicating pipeline, a condenser is arranged at a steam exhaust port of the low-pressure cylinder, a heat recovery system is connected with the outlet of the condenser, and the heat recovery system is connected with the boiler to form a closed circulation system; the high-medium-low pressure rotor of the steam turbine is connected with the generator rotor; the medium-low pressure communication pipeline is also communicated with a steam extraction pipeline, the other end of the steam extraction pipeline is communicated with a heat supply network heater, a steam extraction stop valve, a steam extraction check valve, a steam extraction speed closing regulating valve and a steam extraction flow measuring device are arranged between a steam outlet of the medium-pressure cylinder and the heat supply network heater in the steam extraction pipeline, the heat supply network heater is also connected with a water level sensor, and the other end of the heat supply network heater drainage pipeline is communicated with a closed circulation system; the main steam valve, the high-pressure regulating valve and the medium-pressure regulating valve of the steam turbine are all connected with the tripping of the steam turbine; tripping of a generator tripping interlocking steam turbine of a generator; the electric overspeed OPC has 4 electromagnetic valves, 2 of which are connected with the high-pressure regulating valve and 2 of which are connected with the medium-pressure regulating valve; the steam inlet pipeline of the medium pressure cylinder is also provided with a reheat steam pressure sensor, the low pressure cylinder is also provided with a thermal resistor for regulating the end temperature of the cylinder body of the low pressure cylinder and a thermal resistor for regulating the electric end temperature of the cylinder body of the low pressure cylinder, and the generator is also provided with a power sensor.
The hydraulic butterfly valve which can not be completely closed between the medium pressure cylinder and the low pressure cylinder is transformed into the hydraulic butterfly valve which can be completely closed, a low pressure cylinder cooling steam system is also communicated between the medium pressure cylinder and the low pressure cylinder, the low pressure cylinder cooling steam system comprises a cooling steam regulating valve and a cooling steam flow measuring device, the medium pressure cylinder is provided with a first medium pressure cylinder exhaust pressure sensor, a second medium pressure cylinder exhaust pressure sensor and a medium pressure cylinder exhaust temperature thermocouple, and the low pressure cylinder is provided with a low pressure cylinder steam inlet pressure sensor, a low pressure cylinder steam inlet temperature thermocouple, a regulating end thermal resistor behind a first low pressure cylinder final blade, a regulating end thermal resistor behind a second low pressure cylinder final blade, an electric end thermal resistor behind the first low pressure cylinder final blade and an electric end thermal resistor behind the second low pressure cylinder final blade; the low-pressure cylinder is also communicated with a low-pressure cylinder water spray temperature reduction system, and the low-pressure cylinder water spray temperature reduction system comprises a cooling water inlet, a low-pressure cylinder water spray regulating valve and a low-pressure cylinder water spray flow sensor.
The distributed control system DCS is connected with a hydraulic control butterfly valve, a cooling steam regulating valve, a steam extraction stop valve, a steam extraction check valve, a steam extraction speed closing regulating valve, a steam turbine main steam valve, a high-pressure regulating valve, a medium-pressure regulating valve, a low-pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve, a reheat steam pressure sensor, a first medium-pressure cylinder steam discharge pressure sensor, a second medium-pressure cylinder steam discharge pressure sensor, a low-pressure cylinder steam inlet pressure sensor, a medium-pressure cylinder steam discharge temperature thermocouple, a low-pressure cylinder steam inlet temperature thermocouple, a regulating end thermal resistor behind a first low-pressure cylinder final stage blade, a regulating end thermal resistor behind a second low-pressure cylinder final stage blade, a thermal resistor behind a first low-pressure cylinder final stage blade, a thermal resistor at a low-pressure cylinder body regulating end temperature, a low-pressure cylinder body electric end temperature thermal resistor, a flow metering device, a cooling steam flow measuring device, a steam extraction flow measuring device, a low-pressure cylinder flow sensor, a generator power sensor, an electric overspeed, a steam turbine, a tripping device and a water level sensor through cables.
A thermal power generating unit cuts off a low-pressure cylinder to operate, namely a main steam valve and a medium-pressure regulating valve are opened, a high-pressure regulating valve is opened at a proper position according to the power requirement of a generator, the difference between the high-pressure regulating valve and an original system is that a hydraulic control butterfly valve is completely closed, a cooling steam regulating valve is opened, a steam extraction speed closing regulating valve is opened at a proper position according to the heat supply requirement, and a low-pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve is opened; the safety protection method of the safety protection system is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method includes an interlock process of one or more protection methods, the protection methods including: the method comprises the following steps of steam turbine shutdown protection, steam turbine tripping interlocking protection, OPC action interlocking protection, generator tripping interlocking protection, medium pressure cylinder steam discharge pressure high protection, main steam flow low protection, false closing interlocking protection of a steam extraction pipeline valve, small valve position protection of a steam extraction speed closing regulating valve, closing protection allowed by a hydraulic control butterfly valve, closing protection allowed by a steam extraction stop valve, closing protection allowed by a steam extraction speed closing regulating valve, cooling steam regulating valve interlocking opening protection of a low pressure cylinder, cooling steam regulating valve interlocking closing protection of the low pressure cylinder, low pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve interlocking opening protection, automatic manual switching protection of a low pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve and sound and light alarm prompt protection sent by a DCS.
And (3) protecting the turbine in a shutdown state: when the exhaust pressure signals 2 of the exhaust pressure sensors of the first middle pressure cylinder and the exhaust pressure sensors of the second middle pressure cylinder are 2, the exhaust pressure is more than or equal to 1.1MPa, the signals are transmitted to a distributed control system DCS, and the distributed control system DCS sends out instructions to enable a main steam valve, a high-pressure regulating valve and a middle-pressure regulating valve of the steam turbine to be closed; the steam extraction stop valve, the steam extraction check valve and the steam extraction speed closing regulating valve are closed; the hydraulic control butterfly valve and the cooling steam regulating valve are opened; closing the steam inlet of the steam turbine to stop the operation of the steam turbine;
when the steam turbine trips, or the electric overspeed OPC acts, or the generator trips, the hydraulic butterfly valve is opened in an interlocking way;
high protection of exhaust pressure of the medium pressure cylinder: the exhaust pressure signals of the first middle pressure cylinder exhaust pressure sensor and the second middle pressure cylinder exhaust pressure sensor of the middle pressure cylinder are transmitted to a distributed control system DCS, when the exhaust pressure signals 2 of the exhaust pressure sensors of the first middle pressure cylinder and the exhaust pressure sensors of the second middle pressure cylinder are 2, the exhaust pressure is more than or equal to 0.85MPa, and the distributed control system DCS instructs the interlocking opening of a hydraulic control butterfly valve;
main steam flow low protection: when the main steam flow is less than or equal to 380t/h, a signal is sent to a distributed control system DCS, and the DCS instructs to open a hydraulic control butterfly valve in an interlocking way, close a steam extraction stop valve, a steam extraction check valve and a steam extraction speed closing regulating valve in an interlocking way;
And the valve of the steam extraction pipeline is closed by mistake and interlocked for protection: when the extraction stop valve or the extraction check valve or the extraction speed switch regulating valve closes a signal to the distributed control system DCS, the distributed control system DCS instructs the interlocking to open the hydraulic control butterfly valve;
the hydraulic butterfly valve allows closing protection: when the steam extraction stop valve is opened, the steam extraction check valve is opened, the steam extraction speed is closed, the valve position of the regulating valve is more than or equal to 30%, the turbine pressure ratio of the medium pressure cylinder is between 3.9 and 4.2, and the distributed control system DCS instructs the hydraulic control butterfly valve to be allowed to be closed until the valve position is less than 15%;
small valve position protection of the pumping speed closing regulating valve: when the valve position of the hydraulic control butterfly valve is less than 3% and the valve position of the pumping speed closing regulating valve is less than 30%, the distributed control system DCS instructs to interlock and open the hydraulic control butterfly valve;
the extraction shut-off valve allows closing protection: when the main steam flow is more than 380t/h and the valve position of the hydraulic control butterfly valve is more than 50%, the DCS instruction of the distributed control system allows the manual closing of the steam extraction stop valve;
the extraction check valve allows closing protection: when the main steam flow is more than 380t/h and the valve position of the hydraulic control butterfly valve is more than 50%, the DCS instruction of the distributed control system allows the manual closing of the steam extraction check valve;
the extraction speed off regulating valve allows closing protection: when the main steam flow is more than 380t/h and the valve position of the hydraulic control butterfly valve is more than 15%, the DCS instruction of the distributed control system allows the manual closing of the steam extraction speed closing regulating valve to be below 30%;
And the cooling steam regulating valve of the low-pressure cylinder is interlocked to be opened for protection: when the valve position of the hydraulic control butterfly valve is less than or equal to 15%, a cooling steam regulating valve of the low-pressure cylinder is opened in an interlocking way, and the flow of cooling steam is regulated to 20t/h;
and the cooling steam regulating valve of the low-pressure cylinder is interlocked to be closed for protection: when the valve position of the hydraulic control butterfly valve is more than 15%, the cooling steam regulating valve of the low-pressure cylinder is closed in an interlocking way;
and the low-pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve is interlocked to be opened for protection: when the electric end of the low-pressure cylinder and any one of six exhaust temperatures at the regulating end is not less than 80 ℃, the DCS command of the distributed control system interlocks and opens a water spraying regulating valve of the low-pressure cylinder, and the water spraying flow is regulated to 20t/h;
automatic cutting and manual protection of low-pressure cylinder water spray regulating valve: when the deviation between the command and the feedback of the low-pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve is more than +/-20 percent or the feedback of the low-pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve is damaged or the electric end of the low-pressure cylinder is damaged and the regulating end exhaust steam temperature signal 6 is taken to be 3 damaged, the DCS command of the distributed control system allows the low-pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve to be automatically cut manually.
Alarm protection of the distributed control system DCS:
(1) The temperature behind the last stage blade of the low pressure cylinder or any temperature of the cylinder body of the low pressure cylinder is more than 120 ℃, and the distributed control system DCS sends out audible and visual alarm prompt protection;
(2) The distributed control system DCS sends out audible and visual alarm prompt protection when the middle-low pressure communicating pipeline liquid control butterfly valve fails;
(3) The turbine pressure ratio of the medium pressure cylinder is more than or equal to 4.2, and the distributed control system DCS sends out audible and visual alarm prompt protection;
(4) The turbine pressure ratio of the medium pressure cylinder is less than or equal to 3.9, and the distributed control system DCS sends out audible and visual alarm prompt protection;
(5) The exhaust temperature of the medium-pressure cylinder is more than or equal to 380 ℃, and the distributed control system DCS sends out audible and visual alarm prompt protection;
(6) The exhaust pressure of the medium pressure cylinder is more than or equal to 0.85MPa, and the distributed control system DCS sends out audible and visual alarm prompt protection;
(7) The liquid level L of the heating network heater is more than or equal to 300mm, and the distributed control system DCS sends out audible and visual alarm prompt protection;
(8) The low-pressure cylinder water spray regulating valve is automatically switched, and the distributed control system DCS sends out audible and visual alarm prompt protection.
The advantages and effects:
the safety protection system and method for cutting off the operation of the low-pressure cylinder of the thermal power generating unit, provided by the invention, have the following advantages:
compared with the prior art, the invention reduces the steam inlet quantity of the low-pressure cylinder by closing the hydraulic control butterfly valve on the medium-low-pressure steam guide pipe, thereby realizing the aims of increasing the heat supply capacity and reducing the output of the unit. The low-pressure cylinder cooling steam is added on the safety protection system to take away the blast heat of the low-pressure cylinder final stage blade in a cylinder cutting state, the steam discharging temperature of the low-pressure cylinder is monitored by adding a steam temperature measuring point behind the final stage blade, and the temperature control of the low-pressure cylinder is ensured to be in a safe range by adding the low-pressure cylinder automatic water spraying regulating system. In the safety protection method, the opening of the high-pressure regulating valve, the opening of the extraction speed closing valve and the opening of the hydraulic control butterfly valve are reasonably controlled, so that the steam turbine is protected from occurrence of the phenomena of overrun (too high or too low) of the exhaust pressure of the medium-pressure cylinder, and the occurrence of accidents such as water erosion, flutter and the like of the final stage blade of the low-pressure cylinder. When the unit breaks down, measures such as quick closing of a steam turbine inlet valve, quick opening of a hydraulic control butterfly valve and a cooling steam regulating valve are taken, and safe shutdown of the unit is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system architecture of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the system architecture of the present invention after connection to a distributed control system DCS;
FIG. 3 is a logic diagram of the interlock opening condition of the hydraulic butterfly valve;
FIG. 4 is a logic diagram of a hydraulic butterfly valve closing enable condition;
FIG. 5 is a logic diagram of the extraction shutoff valve closing condition;
FIG. 6 is a logic diagram of the closing condition of the extraction check valve;
FIG. 7 is a logic diagram of the interlock shut-off condition of the extraction speed shut-off regulator;
FIG. 8 is a logic diagram of low pressure cylinder cooling steam regulator valve interlock open and close conditions;
FIG. 9 is a logic diagram of the interlock opening condition of the low pressure cylinder spray regulator valve;
FIG. 10 is a logic diagram of the interlock shut-off condition of the low pressure cylinder spray regulator valve;
FIG. 11 is a logic diagram of the automatic cut manual of the low pressure cylinder water injection regulator valve;
FIG. 12 is a logic diagram of a distributed control system DCS sending out audible and visual alarm signals;
FIG. 13 is a logic diagram of a signal from a hydraulic control butterfly valve to a distributed control system DCS.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. a hydraulic control butterfly valve, 2. A cooling steam regulating valve, 3. A steam extraction stop valve, 4. A steam extraction check valve, 5. A steam extraction speed stop regulating valve, 6. A steam turbine main steam valve, 7. A high pressure regulating valve, 8. A medium pressure regulating valve, 9. A low pressure cylinder spray regulating valve, 10. A reheat steam pressure sensor, 11. A first medium pressure cylinder pressure sensor, 12. A second medium pressure cylinder pressure sensor, 13. A low pressure cylinder inlet steam pressure sensor, 14. A medium pressure cylinder exhaust steam temperature thermocouple, 15. A low pressure cylinder inlet steam temperature thermocouple, 16. A regulating end thermal resistor behind the first low pressure cylinder final stage blade, 17. A regulating end thermal resistor behind the second low pressure cylinder final stage blade, 18. A regulating end thermal resistor behind the first low pressure cylinder final stage blade, 19. A regulating end thermal resistor behind the second low pressure cylinder final stage blade, 20. A low pressure cylinder electric end temperature thermal resistor, 22. A flow measuring device, 23. A cooling steam flow measuring device, 24. A low pressure cylinder temperature sensor, 25, an OPC, a steam generator, 35, a water level sensor, 35, a steam generator, a hydraulic pressure sensor, a hydraulic system, a hydraulic control system, an electrical generator, a hydraulic control system, an electrical power generator, a hydraulic control system, and an electrical power generator.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a safety protection system for cutting off low-pressure cylinder operation of a thermal power generating unit, which comprises a thermal power generating unit, wherein a boiler outlet of the thermal power generating unit is communicated with a high-pressure cylinder 32 through a pipeline, a pipeline for communicating the boiler outlet with the high-pressure cylinder 32 is provided with a flow metering device 22, a turbine main steam valve 6 and a high-pressure regulating valve 7, a steam exhaust pipe of the high-pressure cylinder 32, namely a steam inlet pipeline of a middle-pressure cylinder, passes through a boiler and is communicated with a middle-pressure cylinder 33, the steam inlet pipeline of the middle-pressure cylinder 33 is provided with a middle-pressure regulating valve 8, the middle-pressure cylinder 33 is communicated with a low-pressure cylinder 34 through a middle-low-pressure communication pipeline, a hydraulic control butterfly valve 1 is arranged between the middle-pressure cylinder 33 and the low-pressure cylinder 34, a condenser 37 is arranged at a steam exhaust port of the low-pressure cylinder, and the condenser 37 outlet is connected with a heat recovery system, and the system is connected with the boiler to form a closed circulation system; the high-medium-low pressure rotor of the steam turbine is connected with the rotor of the generator, and the steam expands in the steam turbine to apply work so that the rotor rotates to drive the generator to generate electricity; the medium-low pressure communication pipeline is also communicated with a steam extraction pipeline, the other end of the steam extraction pipeline is communicated with a heat supply network heater 35, steam discharged from a medium-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine enters the heat supply network heater for heating and heat supply, a steam extraction stop valve 3, a steam extraction check valve 4, a steam extraction speed closing regulating valve 5 and a steam extraction flow measuring device 24 are arranged between the medium-pressure cylinder 33 and the heat supply network heater 35 in the steam extraction pipeline, the heat supply network heater 35 is also connected with a water level sensor 31, the drainage of the heat supply network heater is communicated with a closed circulation system, and the drainage of the heat supply network heater returns to the closed circulation system after the water level is reasonably controlled by the water level sensor 31; the main steam valve 6, the high-pressure regulating valve 7 and the medium-pressure regulating valve 8 of the steam turbine are all connected with the tripping 28 of the steam turbine; generator tripping 29 of the generator interlocks turbine tripping 28; the electric overspeed OPC 27 is provided with 4 electromagnetic valves, 2 electromagnetic valves are connected with the high-pressure regulating valve 7, and 2 electromagnetic valves are connected with the medium-pressure regulating valve 8; the steam inlet pipeline of the medium pressure cylinder 33 is also provided with a reheat steam pressure sensor 10, the low pressure cylinder 34 is also provided with a thermal resistor 20 for regulating the end temperature of the low pressure cylinder body, a thermal resistor 21 for regulating the electric end temperature of the low pressure cylinder body, and the generator is also provided with a power sensor 26. The low-pressure cylinder cooling steam system is also communicated between the medium-pressure cylinder and the low-pressure cylinder, and comprises a cooling steam regulating valve 2 and a cooling steam flow measuring device 23, wherein the medium-pressure cylinder 33 is provided with a first medium-pressure cylinder exhaust pressure sensor 11, a second medium-pressure cylinder exhaust pressure sensor 12 and a medium-pressure cylinder exhaust temperature thermocouple 14, and the low-pressure cylinder 34 is provided with a low-pressure cylinder inlet pressure sensor 13, a low-pressure cylinder inlet temperature thermocouple 15, a temperature regulating thermal resistor 16 behind a first low-pressure cylinder final blade, a temperature regulating thermal resistor 17 behind a second low-pressure cylinder final blade, an electric terminal thermal resistor 18 behind the first low-pressure cylinder final blade and an electric terminal thermal resistor 19 behind the second low-pressure cylinder final blade; the low pressure cylinder 34 is also communicated with a low pressure cylinder spray water temperature reducing system which comprises a cooling water inlet 36, a low pressure cylinder spray water regulating valve 9 and a low pressure cylinder spray water flow sensor 25.
As shown in fig. 2, a distributed control system DCS 30 conventionally used in the art is connected to a pilot butterfly valve 1, a cooling steam regulating valve 2, a steam extraction stop valve 3, a steam extraction check valve 4, a steam extraction speed shut-off regulating valve 5, a main steam turbine valve 6, a high pressure regulating valve 7, a medium pressure regulating valve 8, a low pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve 9, a reheat steam pressure sensor 10, a first medium pressure cylinder discharge pressure sensor 11, a second medium pressure cylinder discharge pressure sensor 12, a low pressure cylinder intake pressure sensor 13, a medium pressure cylinder discharge temperature thermocouple 14, a low pressure cylinder intake temperature thermocouple 15, a regulating end thermal resistor 16 after the first low pressure cylinder final stage blade, a regulating end thermal resistor 17 after the second low pressure cylinder final stage blade, a regulating end thermal resistor 18 after the first low pressure cylinder final stage blade, a regulating end thermal resistor 19 after the second low pressure cylinder final stage blade, a regulating end temperature thermal resistor 20, a low pressure cylinder body electric end temperature thermal resistor 21, a flow metering device 22, a cooling steam flow metering device 23, a pumping flow metering device 24, a low pressure sensor 26, a generator power generator 25, a tripping sensor 31, a water level sensor 28, and a trip sensor 31 by cables.
Main steam at the outlet of the boiler enters a high-pressure cylinder 32 through a flow part to expand and do work after passing through a flow metering device 22, a main steam valve 6 of a steam turbine and a high-pressure regulating valve 7, exhaust steam of the high-pressure cylinder 32 enters a medium-pressure cylinder 33 through a medium-pressure regulating valve 8 to expand and do work after entering the boiler and being heated by a reheater, exhaust steam of the medium-pressure cylinder 33 enters a low-pressure cylinder 34 through a medium-low pressure communicating pipe and a hydraulic control butterfly valve 1 to expand and do work, exhaust steam of the low-pressure cylinder 34 enters a condenser 37 to be condensed, and condensed water enters the boiler to be heated in a high-temperature high-pressure water supply mode after being heated by a backheating system to form a closed circulation system. The high-medium-low pressure rotor of the steam turbine is connected with the rotor of the generator, and the steam expands in the steam turbine to apply work so that the rotor rotates to drive the generator to generate electricity. Steam is led out from the medium pressure cylinder 33 in the heating period, enters the heating network heater 35 after passing through the steam extraction stop valve 3, the steam extraction check valve 4, the steam extraction speed closing regulating valve 5 and the steam extraction flow measuring device 24, is condensed by the heating network heater 35, and returns to the unit after being reasonably controlled by the water level sensor 31. The turbine tripping 28 controls the main steam valve 6, the high-pressure regulating valve 7 and the medium-pressure regulating valve 8 of the turbine to be closed; generator trip 29 interlocks turbine trip 28; the electric overspeed OPC 27 protection unit is provided with 4 electromagnetic valves, 2 electromagnetic valves are connected with the high-pressure regulating valve 7, and 2 electromagnetic valves are connected with the medium-pressure regulating valve 8; the distributed control system DCS 30 is a distributed control system and is independently arranged in a central control room of the power plant and connected with various sensors, valves and control components of the unit through cables. The reheat steam pressure sensor 10, the thermal resistor 20 for regulating the end temperature of the low-pressure cylinder body, the thermal resistor 21 for regulating the end temperature of the low-pressure cylinder body, the generator power sensor 26 are original measuring points of the unit.
The invention reforms the control butterfly valve with mechanical limit on the original low pressure cylinder steam inlet pipeline into the hydraulic control butterfly valve 1 which can be completely closed, so that the power generation output of the low pressure cylinder 34 is zero when the unit operates, and the medium pressure cylinder steam exhaust of the steam turbine is completely used for heating. In order to reduce the blast heating temperature of the low-pressure cylinder blade, a low-pressure cylinder cooling steam system is additionally arranged between the exhaust steam of the medium-pressure cylinder and the inlet steam of the low-pressure cylinder, a cooling steam regulating valve 2 and a cooling steam flow measuring device 23 are arranged, a first medium-pressure cylinder exhaust pressure sensor 11, a second medium-pressure cylinder exhaust pressure sensor 12 and a medium-pressure cylinder exhaust temperature thermocouple 14 are arranged, and a low-pressure cylinder 34 is provided with a low-pressure cylinder inlet steam pressure sensor 13 and a low-pressure cylinder inlet steam temperature thermocouple 15; in order to monitor the exhaust steam temperature of the low-pressure cylinder, an end-regulating thermal resistor 16 behind a first low-pressure cylinder final-stage blade, an end-regulating thermal resistor 17 behind a second low-pressure cylinder final-stage blade, an electric end-regulating thermal resistor 18 behind the first low-pressure cylinder final-stage blade and an electric end-regulating thermal resistor 19 behind the second low-pressure cylinder final-stage blade are arranged behind the low-pressure cylinder final-stage blade; in order to prevent the low-pressure cylinder from overtemperature, a low-pressure cylinder water spray temperature reducing system is modified, and a low-pressure cylinder water spray regulating valve 9 and a low-pressure cylinder water spray flow sensor 25 are arranged.
The thermal power generating unit cuts off the operation of the low-pressure cylinder, namely the main steam valve 6 and the medium-pressure regulating valve 8 are opened, the high-pressure regulating valve 7 is opened at a proper position according to the power requirement of the generator, the difference with the original system is that the hydraulic control butterfly valve 1 is completely closed, the cooling steam regulating valve 2 is opened, the steam extraction speed closing regulating valve 5 is opened at a proper position according to the heat supply requirement, and the low-pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve 9 is opened; the safety protection method of the safety protection system comprises one or more interlocking operation processes of the protection method, and the protection method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of steam turbine shutdown protection, steam turbine tripping interlocking protection, OPC action interlocking protection, generator tripping interlocking protection, medium pressure cylinder steam discharge pressure high protection, main steam flow low protection, false closing interlocking protection of a steam extraction pipeline valve, small valve position protection of a steam extraction speed closing regulating valve, closing protection allowed by a hydraulic control butterfly valve, closing protection allowed by a steam extraction stop valve, closing protection allowed by a steam extraction speed closing regulating valve, cooling steam regulating valve interlocking opening protection of a low pressure cylinder, cooling steam regulating valve interlocking closing protection of the low pressure cylinder, low pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve interlocking opening protection, automatic manual switching protection of a low pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve and sound and light alarm prompt protection sent by a DCS.
And (3) protecting the turbine in a shutdown state: when the exhaust pressure signals 2 of the first middle pressure cylinder exhaust pressure sensor 11 and the second middle pressure cylinder exhaust pressure sensor 12 of the middle pressure cylinder 33 are 2, the exhaust pressure is more than or equal to 1.1MPa, the signals are transmitted to a distributed control system DCS 30, and the distributed control system DCS 30 sends out instructions to enable a main steam valve 6, a high-pressure regulating valve 7 and a middle-pressure regulating valve 8 of the steam turbine to be closed; the steam extraction stop valve 3, the steam extraction check valve 4 and the steam extraction speed closing regulating valve 5 are closed; the hydraulic control butterfly valve 1 and the cooling steam regulating valve 2 are opened; and closing the steam inlet of the steam turbine to stop the operation of the steam turbine.
When the steam turbine trips 28 or the electric overspeed OPC27 or the generator trips 29, the hydraulic butterfly valve 1 is opened in an interlocking way;
high protection of exhaust pressure of the medium pressure cylinder: the exhaust pressure signals 2 of the first medium pressure cylinder exhaust pressure sensor 11 and the second medium pressure cylinder exhaust pressure sensor 12 of the medium pressure cylinder 33 are 2, the exhaust pressure is more than or equal to 0.85MPa, and the distributed control system DCS 30 instructs the interlocking to open the hydraulic control butterfly valve 1;
main steam flow low protection: when the main steam flow is less than or equal to 380t/h, a signal is sent to a distributed control system DCS 30, the DCS command interlocks and opens a hydraulic control butterfly valve 1, and the extraction stop valve 3, the extraction check valve 4 and the extraction speed closing regulating valve 5 are closed in an interlocking manner;
And the valve of the steam extraction pipeline is closed by mistake and interlocked for protection: when the steam extraction stop valve 3 or the steam extraction check valve 4 or the steam extraction speed closing regulating valve 5 is closed, signals are sent to the distributed control system DCS 30, and the distributed control system DCS 30 instructs the interlocking to open the hydraulic control butterfly valve 1;
the hydraulic butterfly valve allows closing protection: when the steam extraction stop valve 3 is opened, the steam extraction check valve 4 is opened, the steam extraction speed is closed, the valve position of the regulating valve 5 is more than or equal to 30%, the turbine pressure ratio of the medium pressure cylinder 33 is between 3.9 and 4.2, and the distributed control system DCS 30 instructs the hydraulic control butterfly valve 1 to be allowed to be closed until the valve position is less than 15%;
small valve position protection of the pumping speed closing regulating valve: when the valve position of the hydraulic control butterfly valve 1 is less than 3 percent and the valve position of the extraction speed closing regulating valve 5 is less than 30 percent, the distributed control system DCS 30 instructs to interlock and open the hydraulic control butterfly valve 1;
the extraction shut-off valve allows closing protection: when the main steam flow is more than 380t/h and the valve position of the hydraulic control butterfly valve 1 is more than 50%, the distributed control system DCS 30 instruction allows the manual closing of the steam extraction stop valve 3;
the extraction check valve allows closing protection: when the main steam flow is more than 380t/h and the valve position of the hydraulic control butterfly valve 1 is more than 50%, the distributed control system DCS 30 instruction allows the manual closing of the steam extraction check valve 4;
the extraction speed off regulating valve allows closing protection: when the main steam flow is more than 380t/h and the valve position of the hydraulic control butterfly valve 1 is more than 15%, the distributed control system DCS 30 instruction allows the manual closing of the pumping speed closing regulating valve to be less than 5-30%;
And the cooling steam regulating valve of the low-pressure cylinder is interlocked to be opened for protection: when the valve position of the hydraulic control butterfly valve 1 is less than or equal to 15%, the cooling steam regulating valve 2 of the low-pressure cylinder is opened in an interlocking way, and the flow of the cooling steam is regulated to 20t/h;
and the cooling steam regulating valve of the low-pressure cylinder is interlocked to be closed for protection: when the valve position of the hydraulic control butterfly valve 1 is more than 15%, the cooling steam regulating valve 2 of the low-pressure cylinder is closed in an interlocking way;
and the low-pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve is interlocked to be opened for protection: when the electric end of the low-pressure cylinder and any one of six exhaust temperatures at the regulating end is not less than 80 ℃, the distributed control system DCS 30 instructs the interlocking opening of the low-pressure cylinder water spray regulating valve 9, and the water spray flow is regulated to 20t/h;
automatic cutting and manual protection of low-pressure cylinder water spray regulating valve: when the deviation between the instruction of the low-pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve 9 and the feedback deviation is more than +/-20% or the low-pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve 9 is damaged in feedback or the electric end of the low-pressure cylinder is damaged and the end regulating exhaust steam temperature signal 6 is taken to be 3 damaged, the distributed control system DCS 30 instruction allows the low-pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve 9 to be automatically cut or operated.
Alarm protection of the distributed control system DCS 30:
(1) The temperature behind the last stage blade of the low pressure cylinder or any temperature of the cylinder body of the low pressure cylinder is more than 120 ℃, and the distributed control system DCS 30 sends out audible and visual alarm prompt protection;
(2) The distributed control system DCS 30 sends out audible and visual alarm prompt protection when the middle-low pressure communicating pipeline hydraulic control butterfly valve 1 fails;
(3) The turbine pressure ratio of the medium pressure cylinder 33 is more than or equal to 4.2, and the distributed control system DCS 30 sends out audible and visual alarm prompt protection;
(4) The turbine pressure ratio of the medium pressure cylinder 33 is less than or equal to 3.9, and the distributed control system DCS 30 sends out audible and visual alarm prompt protection;
(5) The exhaust temperature of the medium pressure cylinder 33 is more than or equal to 380 ℃, and the distributed control system DCS 30 sends out audible and visual alarm prompt protection;
(6) The exhaust pressure of the medium pressure cylinder 33 is more than or equal to 0.85MPa, and the distributed control system DCS 30 sends out audible and visual alarm prompt protection;
(7) The liquid level L of the heating network heater 35 is more than or equal to 300mm, and the distributed control system DCS 30 sends out audible and visual alarm prompt protection;
(8) The low-pressure cylinder water spray regulating valve 9 is automatically switched on and off, and the distributed control system DCS 30 sends out audible and visual alarm prompt protection.
As shown in fig. 3, the hydraulic control butterfly valve is interlocked to be opened for protection: when the unit is in a low-pressure cylinder cutting operation mode, the hydraulic control butterfly valve is closed at the moment, if the steam extraction stop valve is closed or the steam extraction check valve is closed, the steam discharge channel of the steam turbine is blocked, the steam turbine is forced to stop, so that when a closing signal of the steam extraction stop valve or a closing signal of the steam extraction check valve is fed back to the distributed control system DCS, the distributed control system DCS sends a command signal to rapidly open the hydraulic control butterfly valve; when the electric overspeed OPC acts, the signal causes the high-pressure regulating valve and the medium-pressure regulating valve to be closed; when the steam turbine tripping signal causes the main steam valve, the high-pressure regulating valve and the medium-pressure regulating valve of the steam turbine to be closed; when the main steam valve of the turbine is closed by a tripping signal of the generator, and the turbine enters a shutdown mode, the distributed control system DCS instructs the steam extraction stop valve, the steam extraction check valve and the steam extraction speed closing regulating valve to be closed, so that the flow part in the turbine is kept smooth, and the distributed control system DCS sends out an instruction signal to enable the hydraulic control butterfly valve to be opened quickly; when the exhaust pressure of the medium pressure cylinder (P (11) And P (12) ）≥0.85MPa（P (11) Represents the exhaust pressure of the first medium pressure cylinder, P (12) Representing the steam discharge pressure of the second medium pressure cylinder, taking 2) from the pressure signal, wherein the safety of the steam turbine is endangered, and the distributed control system DCS sends out an instruction signal to enable the hydraulic control butterfly valve to be quickly opened, so that steam quickly enters the low pressure cylinder, and the steam discharge pressure P of the medium pressure cylinder is reduced (11) And P (12) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the valve position of the regulating valve is smaller than 30%, the steam extraction flow G is indicated (24) Reduce, in order to maintain the generating load W of the unit (26) The distributed control system DCS sends out an instruction signal to enable the hydraulic control butterfly valve to be opened quickly; when the main steam flow G (22) When the valve position of the hydraulic control butterfly valve is less than or equal to 380t/h and more than 1015%, the steam flow of the low-pressure cylinder can be in a region where serious blast and even blade flutter occur to the last-stage blade, the safety of the blade is endangered, and the distributed control system DCS sends out a command signal to enable the hydraulic control butterfly valve to be opened quickly.
As shown in fig. 4, the pilot operated butterfly valve allows closing protection: when the unit is in the steam extraction and condensation state operation, if the power grid instruction reduces the power generation load W (26) Ensure the heat supply flow G (24) Under the condition of (1) cutting off the low-pressure cylinder, at the moment, detecting the full-open signal of the steam extraction stop valve, the full-open signal of the steam extraction check valve and the valve position feedback signal of the steam extraction speed closing regulating valve by a distributed control system DCS to be more than or equal to 30%, and simultaneously calculating the turbine pressure ratio (P) of the medium-pressure cylinder (11) /P (10) And P (12) /P (10) ) When < between 3.9 and 4.2, (P) (10) Representing the steam inlet pressure of the first medium pressure cylinder) manually enables the closing instruction of the hydraulic control butterfly valve to be 0, and the hydraulic control butterfly valve is closed quickly, so that the dangerous area that the final stage blade generates blast or flutter is avoided.
As shown in fig. 5, the extraction cut-off valve is protected by interlocking closure: when the unit operates in a steam extraction and condensing state or the unit cuts off a low-pressure cylinder operation mode, if an electric overspeed OPC action signal comes from a steam turbine tripping signal comes from a generator tripping signal, the steam turbine enters a shutdown mode, and in order to prevent the steam of a steam extraction pipeline from returning to the steam turbine to cause overspeed danger of the steam turbine, the distributed control system DCS sends a command to enable the steam extraction stop valve to be closed in an interlocking way; when the main steam flow G (22) And when the valve position of the hydraulic control butterfly valve is less than or equal to 380t/h and is more than 15%, the distributed control system DCS sends out an instruction to enable the steam extraction stop valve to be closed, namely, the external heat supply is stopped, and meanwhile, the hydraulic control butterfly valve is interlocked to quickly open so that steam enters the low-pressure cylinder to protect the blades, as shown in the figure 3.
As shown in FIG. 5, if the extraction stop valve is to be closed manually, the precondition is that the valve position of the hydraulic butterfly valve is more than or equal to 50%, otherwise, the exhaust of the medium pressure cylinder may be blocked, resulting in exhaust pressure P (11) And P (12) Rise, endangering the safety of the steam turbine.
As shown in fig. 6, the extraction check valve is interlocked to be closed for protection: when the unit operates in a steam extraction and condensing state or the unit cuts off a low-pressure cylinder operation mode, if an electric overspeed OPC action signal comes from a steam turbine tripping signal comes from a generator tripping signal, the steam turbine enters a shutdown mode, and in order to prevent the steam in the steam extraction pipeline from returning to the steam turbine to cause the overspeed danger of the steam turbine, the distributed control system DCS sends a command to enable the steam extraction check valve to be closed in an interlocking way; when the main steam flow G (22) When the valve position of the hydraulic control butterfly valve is less than or equal to 380t/h and is more than 15%, the distributed control is performedThe system DCS sends out an instruction to enable the steam extraction stop valve to be closed, external heat supply is stopped, and meanwhile, as shown in fig. 3, the hydraulic control butterfly valve is interlocked to be quickly opened, so that steam enters the low-pressure cylinder to protect the safety of the blades.
As shown in FIG. 6, if the extraction check valve is closed manually, the precondition is that the valve position of the hydraulic butterfly valve is more than or equal to 50%, otherwise, the exhaust of the medium-pressure cylinder can be blocked, the exhaust pressure is increased, and the safety of the steam turbine is endangered.
As shown in fig. 7, the extraction speed off regulating valve is interlocked to be closed for protection: when the unit operates in a steam extraction and condensing state or the unit cuts off a low-pressure cylinder operation mode, if an electric overspeed OPC action signal comes from a steam turbine tripping signal comes from a generator tripping signal comes from a steam turbine tripping signal, the steam turbine is stopped, and in order to prevent the steam in the steam extraction pipeline from returning to the steam turbine to cause the overspeed danger of the steam turbine, the distributed control system DCS sends a command to enable the steam extraction speed closing regulating valve to be closed in an interlocking way; when the main steam flow G (22) When the valve position of the hydraulic control butterfly valve is less than or equal to 380t/h and is more than 15%, the distributed control system DCS sends out a command to enable the steam extraction speed to close the regulating valve in an interlocking way to stop external heat supply, and meanwhile, the hydraulic control butterfly valve is quickly opened in an interlocking way to enable steam to enter the low-pressure cylinder so as to protect the blades.
As shown in FIG. 7, if the manual closing of the steam extraction speed switch regulating valve is required to be lower than 30%, the precondition is that the valve position of the hydraulic butterfly valve is more than 15%, otherwise, the steam extraction of the medium pressure cylinder can be blocked, so that the steam extraction pressure is increased, and the safety of the steam turbine is endangered.
As shown in fig. 8, the cooling steam regulating valve is interlocked with the opening and closing protection: when the valve position of the hydraulic butterfly valve is less than or equal to 1015%, which indicates that the low-pressure cylinder is close to the cylinder cutting operation state, a certain cooling steam amount is required to be introduced into the low-pressure cylinder at the moment, so as to take away the blast heat of the low-pressure final stage blade, at the moment, the distributed control system DCS sends out a command to enable the low-pressure cylinder cooling steam regulating valve to be interlocked and opened, and the cooling steam flow G is maintained by monitoring the signal of the cooling steam flow sensor (23) About 20 t/h.
As shown in FIG. 8, when the valve position of the hydraulic butterfly valve is more than 15%, the steam inlet amount of the low-pressure cylinder is larger, the steam flow of the low-pressure cylinder can avoid the dangerous area flow of the last-stage blade, and the distributed control system DCS allows the cooling steam regulating valve of the low-pressure cylinder to be closed in an interlocking manner.
As shown in fig. 9, the low pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve interlock is opened: when the low-pressure cylinder is at the electric end t (16) Electric terminal t (17) Electric terminal t (20) Terminal t (18) Terminal t (19) Terminal t (21) Any one of the six exhaust temperatures is higher than 80 ℃, which indicates that the last stage blade of the steam turbine generates air blast, the air blast can cause the temperature of the low pressure cylinder to rise, the low pressure cylinder has deformation risk, the last stage blade or the next-to-last stage blade can also generate flutter, the blade safety is endangered, the distributed control system DCS sends out instructions to enable the water spraying regulating valve of the low pressure cylinder to be opened in an interlocking way, and the water spraying flow G of the low pressure cylinder is regulated (22) The temperature of the low pressure cylinder is reduced by spraying water to about 25 t/h.
As shown in fig. 10, the low pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve interlocks closed: when the low-pressure cylinder is at the electric end t (16) Electric terminal t (17) Electric terminal t (20) Terminal t (18) Terminal t (19) Terminal t (21) The total temperature of the six exhaust steam temperatures is less than 80 ℃, and according to the regulation requirement, the distributed control system DCS sends out instructions to enable the low-pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve to be closed in an interlocking way, wherein the safety risk of the steam turbine is avoided.
As shown in fig. 11, the low pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve allows automatic cut-off manual protection: if the low-pressure cylinder water spray regulating valve is required to be automatically cut manually, the precondition is that the deviation between the instruction and the feedback of the low-pressure cylinder water spray regulating valve is more than +/-20%, which indicates that the automatic control is inaccurate; secondly, the feedback instruction of the low-pressure cylinder water spray regulating valve is damaged, and the water spray quantity cannot be automatically regulated; the third is that the end-adjusting thermal resistor behind the last blade of the first low-voltage cylinder, the end-adjusting thermal resistor behind the last blade of the second low-voltage cylinder, the thermal resistor of the end-adjusting temperature of the cylinder body of the low-voltage cylinder, the electrical end-adjusting thermal resistor behind the last blade of the first low-voltage cylinder, the electrical end-adjusting thermal resistor behind the last blade of the second low-voltage cylinder and the thermal resistor (6) of the electrical end temperature of the cylinder body of the low-voltage cylinder are bad, the system cannot participate in the adjustment automatically once, and the temperature of the low-voltage cylinder is ensured not to exceed 80 ℃ by manual control.
As shown in fig. 12, when the low pressure cylinder is at the electric terminal t (16) Electric terminal t (17) Electric terminal t (20) Terminal t (18) Regulating and adjustingTerminal t (19) Terminal t (21) Any one of six exhaust temperatures>The distributed control system DCS sends out audible and visual alarms to prompt operators to pay attention to factors such as whether a low-pressure cylinder water spraying system is put into, whether a low-pressure cylinder cooling steam system is put into, whether condenser vacuum is normal or not, and the like, and the comprehensive judgment confirms that the exhaust temperature of the low-pressure cylinder is more than or equal to 120 ℃ and manual brake and stop should be adopted.
As shown in fig. 12, the intermediate pressure cylinder turbine pressure ratio (P (11) /P (10) And P (12) /P (10) ) And the pressure difference value of the final stage blade of the medium pressure cylinder is increased, the risk of fatigue damage of the blade is present, and the distributed control system DCS sends out audible and visual alarm to prompt operators to pay attention to whether the main steam flow is low and whether the opening of the extraction speed closing regulating valve is large.
As shown in fig. 12, the intermediate pressure cylinder turbine pressure ratio (P (11) /P (10) And P (12) /P (10) ) And less than or equal to 3.9, the risk of high exhaust temperature of the medium pressure cylinder exists, and the distributed control system DCS sends out an audible and visual alarm to prompt operators to pay attention to whether the exhaust temperature of the medium pressure cylinder is high or not and whether the efficiency of the medium pressure cylinder is reduced or not.
As shown in fig. 12, the medium-pressure exhaust steam temperature t (14) Or the intake air temperature t of the low pressure cylinder (15) The distributed control system DCS sends out audible and visual alarm at the temperature of more than 380 ℃ to prompt operators to pay attention to whether the exhaust steam of the medium pressure cylinder is high or not and whether the efficiency of the medium pressure cylinder is reduced or not.
As shown in fig. 12, when the medium pressure cylinder discharge pressure P (11) And P (12) The distributed control system DCS sends out audible and visual alarm more than 0.85MPa to prompt operators to pay attention to whether the opening of the heating quick-closing regulating valve and the opening of the hydraulic control butterfly valve are correct.
As shown in FIG. 12, when the low-pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve is automatically switched on or off, the distributed control system DCS gives out an audible and visual alarm to prompt operators to pay close attention to the exhaust steam temperature of the low-pressure cylinder.
As shown in FIG. 12, the liquid level L of the heat supply network heater is more than or equal to 300mm, and the distributed control system DCS sends out audible and visual alarms to prompt operators to closely judge the operation condition of the heat supply network heater.
As shown in fig. 13, when the hydraulic control butterfly valve fault (1 # sensor fault, 2# sensor fault, input signal fault, control power supply power failure, motor overload, power supply power failure, oil filtering blockage, oil level too low, hydraulic fault, 1-path power supply power failure and 2-path power supply power failure) signal is transmitted to the distributed control system DCS, the distributed control system DCS sends out an audible and visual alarm to prompt an operator to timely process the fault.
Claims (4)
1. A safety protection method of a safety protection system for cutting off low-pressure cylinder operation of a thermal power generating unit is characterized by comprising the following steps: the system comprises a thermal generator set, wherein a boiler outlet of the thermal generator set is communicated with a high-pressure cylinder through a pipeline, a flow metering device, a steam turbine main steam valve and a high-pressure regulating valve are arranged in the pipeline for communicating the boiler outlet with the high-pressure cylinder, a steam exhaust pipe of the high-pressure cylinder is communicated with a medium-pressure cylinder through a boiler and is used as a steam inlet pipeline of the medium-pressure cylinder, the steam inlet pipeline of the medium-pressure cylinder is provided with the medium-pressure regulating valve, the medium-pressure cylinder is communicated with a low-pressure cylinder through a medium-low-pressure communicating pipeline, a hydraulic control butterfly valve is arranged between the medium-pressure cylinder and the low-pressure cylinder in the medium-low-pressure communicating pipeline, a condenser is arranged at a steam exhaust port of the low-pressure cylinder, a heat recovery system is connected with the outlet of the condenser, and the heat recovery system is connected with the boiler to form a closed circulation system; the high-medium-low pressure rotor of the steam turbine is connected with the generator rotor; the medium-low pressure communication pipeline is also communicated with a steam extraction pipeline, the other end of the steam extraction pipeline is communicated with a heat supply network heater, a steam extraction stop valve, a steam extraction check valve, a steam extraction speed closing regulating valve and a steam extraction flow measuring device are arranged between a steam outlet of the medium-pressure cylinder and the heat supply network heater in the steam extraction pipeline, the heat supply network heater is also connected with a water level sensor, and the other end of the heat supply network heater drainage pipeline is communicated with a closed circulation system; the main steam valve, the high-pressure regulating valve and the medium-pressure regulating valve of the steam turbine are all connected with the tripping of the steam turbine; tripping of a generator tripping interlocking steam turbine of a generator; the electric overspeed OPC has 4 electromagnetic valves, 2 of which are connected with the high-pressure regulating valve and 2 of which are connected with the medium-pressure regulating valve; the steam inlet pipeline of the medium pressure cylinder is also provided with a reheat steam pressure sensor, the low pressure cylinder is also provided with a thermal resistor for regulating the end temperature of the cylinder body of the low pressure cylinder and a thermal resistor for regulating the temperature of the electric end of the cylinder body of the low pressure cylinder, and the generator is also provided with a power sensor;
The hydraulic butterfly valve which can not be completely closed between the medium pressure cylinder and the low pressure cylinder is transformed into the hydraulic butterfly valve which can be completely closed, a low pressure cylinder cooling steam system is also communicated between the medium pressure cylinder and the low pressure cylinder, the low pressure cylinder cooling steam system comprises a cooling steam regulating valve and a cooling steam flow measuring device, the medium pressure cylinder is provided with a first medium pressure cylinder exhaust pressure sensor, a second medium pressure cylinder exhaust pressure sensor and a medium pressure cylinder exhaust temperature thermocouple, and the low pressure cylinder is provided with a low pressure cylinder steam inlet pressure sensor, a low pressure cylinder steam inlet temperature thermocouple, a regulating end thermal resistor behind a first low pressure cylinder final blade, a regulating end thermal resistor behind a second low pressure cylinder final blade, an electric end thermal resistor behind the first low pressure cylinder final blade and an electric end thermal resistor behind the second low pressure cylinder final blade; the low-pressure cylinder is also communicated with a low-pressure cylinder water spray temperature reduction system, and the low-pressure cylinder water spray temperature reduction system comprises a cooling water inlet, a low-pressure cylinder water spray regulating valve and a low-pressure cylinder water spray flow sensor;
the safety protection system for cutting off the operation of the low-pressure cylinder of the thermal power generating unit is characterized in that a main steam valve and a medium-pressure regulating valve are opened, a high-pressure regulating valve is opened at a proper position according to the power requirement of a generator, a hydraulic control butterfly valve is completely closed, a cooling steam regulating valve is opened, a steam extraction speed closing regulating valve is opened at a proper position according to the heat supply requirement, and a low-pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve is opened; the protection method of the safety protection system comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of steam turbine shutdown protection, steam turbine tripping interlocking protection, OPC action interlocking protection, generator tripping interlocking protection, medium pressure cylinder steam discharge pressure high protection, main steam flow low protection, false closing interlocking protection of a steam extraction pipeline valve, small valve position protection of a steam extraction speed closing regulating valve, closing protection allowed by a hydraulic control butterfly valve, closing protection allowed by a steam extraction stop valve, closing protection allowed by a steam extraction speed closing regulating valve, cooling steam regulating valve interlocking opening protection of a low pressure cylinder, cooling steam regulating valve interlocking closing protection of the low pressure cylinder, low pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve interlocking opening protection, automatic manual switching protection of a low pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve and sound and light alarm prompt protection sent by a DCS.
2. The safety protection method of the safety protection system for cutting off low-pressure cylinder operation of thermal power generating unit according to claim 1, wherein the safety protection method comprises the following steps: the distributed control system DCS is connected with a hydraulic control butterfly valve, a cooling steam regulating valve, a steam extraction stop valve, a steam extraction check valve, a steam extraction speed closing regulating valve, a steam turbine main steam valve, a high-pressure regulating valve, a medium-pressure regulating valve, a low-pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve, a reheat steam pressure sensor, a first medium-pressure cylinder steam discharge pressure sensor, a second medium-pressure cylinder steam discharge pressure sensor, a low-pressure cylinder steam inlet pressure sensor, a medium-pressure cylinder steam discharge temperature thermocouple, a low-pressure cylinder steam inlet temperature thermocouple, a regulating end thermal resistor behind a first low-pressure cylinder final stage blade, a regulating end thermal resistor behind a second low-pressure cylinder final stage blade, a thermal resistor behind a first low-pressure cylinder final stage blade, a thermal resistor at a low-pressure cylinder body regulating end temperature, a low-pressure cylinder body electric end temperature thermal resistor, a flow metering device, a cooling steam flow measuring device, a steam extraction flow measuring device, a low-pressure cylinder flow sensor, a generator power sensor, an electric overspeed, a steam turbine, a tripping device and a water level sensor through cables.
3. The safety protection method of the safety protection system for cutting off low-pressure cylinder operation of thermal power generating unit according to claim 1, wherein the safety protection method comprises the following steps:
and (3) protecting the turbine in a shutdown state: when the exhaust pressure signals 2 of the exhaust pressure sensors of the first middle pressure cylinder and the exhaust pressure sensors of the second middle pressure cylinder are 2, the exhaust pressure is more than or equal to 1.1MPa, the signals are transmitted to a distributed control system DCS, and the distributed control system DCS sends out instructions to enable a main steam valve, a high-pressure regulating valve and a middle-pressure regulating valve of the steam turbine to be closed; the steam extraction stop valve, the steam extraction check valve and the steam extraction speed closing regulating valve are closed; the hydraulic control butterfly valve and the cooling steam regulating valve are opened; closing the steam inlet of the steam turbine to stop the operation of the steam turbine;
when the steam turbine trips, or the electric overspeed OPC acts, or the generator trips, the hydraulic butterfly valve is opened in an interlocking way;
high protection of exhaust pressure of the medium pressure cylinder: the exhaust pressure signals of the first middle pressure cylinder exhaust pressure sensor and the second middle pressure cylinder exhaust pressure sensor of the middle pressure cylinder are transmitted to a distributed control system DCS, when the exhaust pressure signals 2 of the exhaust pressure sensors of the first middle pressure cylinder and the exhaust pressure sensors of the second middle pressure cylinder are 2, the exhaust pressure is more than or equal to 0.85MPa, and the distributed control system DCS instructs the interlocking opening of a hydraulic control butterfly valve;
Main steam flow low protection: when the main steam flow is less than or equal to 380t/h, a signal is sent to a distributed control system DCS, and the DCS instructs to open a hydraulic control butterfly valve in an interlocking way, close a steam extraction stop valve, a steam extraction check valve and a steam extraction speed closing regulating valve in an interlocking way;
and the valve of the steam extraction pipeline is closed by mistake and interlocked for protection: when the extraction stop valve or the extraction check valve or the extraction speed switch regulating valve closes a signal to the distributed control system DCS, the distributed control system DCS instructs the interlocking to open the hydraulic control butterfly valve;
the hydraulic butterfly valve allows closing protection: when the steam extraction stop valve is opened, the steam extraction check valve is opened, the steam extraction speed is closed, the valve position of the regulating valve is more than or equal to 30%, the turbine pressure ratio of the medium pressure cylinder is between 3.9 and 4.2, and the distributed control system DCS instructs the hydraulic control butterfly valve to be allowed to be closed until the valve position is less than 15%;
small valve position protection of the pumping speed closing regulating valve: when the valve position of the hydraulic control butterfly valve is less than 3% and the valve position of the pumping speed closing regulating valve is less than 30%, the distributed control system DCS instructs to interlock and open the hydraulic control butterfly valve;
the extraction shut-off valve allows closing protection: when the main steam flow is more than 380t/h and the valve position of the hydraulic control butterfly valve is more than 50%, the DCS instruction of the distributed control system allows the manual closing of the steam extraction stop valve;
the extraction check valve allows closing protection: when the main steam flow is more than 380t/h and the valve position of the hydraulic control butterfly valve is more than 50%, the DCS instruction of the distributed control system allows the manual closing of the steam extraction check valve;
The extraction speed off regulating valve allows closing protection: when the main steam flow is more than 380t/h and the valve position of the hydraulic control butterfly valve is more than 15%, the DCS instruction of the distributed control system allows the manual closing of the steam extraction speed closing regulating valve to be below 30%;
and the cooling steam regulating valve of the low-pressure cylinder is interlocked to be opened for protection: when the valve position of the hydraulic control butterfly valve is less than or equal to 15%, a cooling steam regulating valve of the low-pressure cylinder is opened in an interlocking way, and the flow of cooling steam is regulated to 20t/h;
and the cooling steam regulating valve of the low-pressure cylinder is interlocked to be closed for protection: when the valve position of the hydraulic control butterfly valve is more than 15%, the cooling steam regulating valve of the low-pressure cylinder is closed in an interlocking way;
and the low-pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve is interlocked to be opened for protection: when the electric end of the low-pressure cylinder and any one of six exhaust temperatures at the regulating end is not less than 80 ℃, the DCS command of the distributed control system interlocks and opens a water spraying regulating valve of the low-pressure cylinder, and the water spraying flow is regulated to 20t/h;
automatic cutting and manual protection of low-pressure cylinder water spray regulating valve: when the deviation between the command and the feedback of the low-pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve is more than +/-20 percent or the feedback of the low-pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve is damaged or the electric end of the low-pressure cylinder is damaged and the regulating end exhaust steam temperature signal 6 is taken to be 3 damaged, the DCS command of the distributed control system allows the low-pressure cylinder water injection regulating valve to be automatically cut manually.
4. A safety protection method of a safety protection system for cutting off low-pressure cylinder operation of a thermal power generating unit according to claim 3, wherein: alarm protection of the distributed control system DCS:
(1) The temperature behind the last stage blade of the low pressure cylinder or any temperature of the cylinder body of the low pressure cylinder is more than 120 ℃, and the distributed control system DCS sends out audible and visual alarm prompt protection;
(2) The distributed control system DCS sends out audible and visual alarm prompt protection when the middle-low pressure communicating pipeline liquid control butterfly valve fails;
(3) The turbine pressure ratio of the medium pressure cylinder is more than or equal to 4.2, and the distributed control system DCS sends out audible and visual alarm prompt protection;
(4) The turbine pressure ratio of the medium pressure cylinder is less than or equal to 3.9, and the distributed control system DCS sends out audible and visual alarm prompt protection;
(5) The exhaust temperature of the medium-pressure cylinder is more than or equal to 380 ℃, and the distributed control system DCS sends out audible and visual alarm prompt protection;
(6) The exhaust pressure of the medium pressure cylinder is more than or equal to 0.85MPa, and the distributed control system DCS sends out audible and visual alarm prompt protection;
(7) The liquid level L of the heating network heater is more than or equal to 300mm, and the distributed control system DCS sends out audible and visual alarm prompt protection;
(8) The low-pressure cylinder water spray regulating valve is automatically switched, and the distributed control system DCS sends out audible and visual alarm prompt protection.
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