CN107162852B - Soil phosphorus activator and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Soil phosphorus activator and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107162852B CN107162852B CN201710437598.4A CN201710437598A CN107162852B CN 107162852 B CN107162852 B CN 107162852B CN 201710437598 A CN201710437598 A CN 201710437598A CN 107162852 B CN107162852 B CN 107162852B
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 169
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002374 bone meal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229940036811 bone meal Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000194107 Bacillus megaterium Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 108010020346 Polyglutamic Acid Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002643 polyglutamic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 22
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 75
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 19
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 18
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 Iron phosphate salt Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002367 phosphate rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001057636 Dracaena deremensis Species 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N Gluconic acid Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019700 dicalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052564 epsomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004137 magnesium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000157 magnesium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960002261 magnesium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010994 magnesium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000357 manganese(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052603 melanterite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002703 mutagenesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000350 mutagenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003170 nutritional factors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001863 plant nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012807 shake-flask culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002881 soil fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of phosphorus activation, in particular to a soil phosphorus activator. The soil phosphorus activator comprises 15-25 parts by weight of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, 70-80 parts by weight of carriers and 2-8 parts by weight of protective agents, wherein the protective agents are one or a mixture of more of bone meal, gelatin, citric acid and amino acid. The invention also comprises a preparation method and application of the soil phosphorus activator. The soil phosphorus activator disclosed by the invention can activate insoluble phosphorus in soil, improve the phosphorus condition of the soil, promote the synergistic absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of plants, further realize the application reduction and synergism of fertilizers, and has good ecological effects on energy conservation and environmental protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of phosphorus activation, in particular to a soil phosphorus activator and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Phosphorus is one of the main limiting nutritional factors for increasing the yield of grains in the world at present, and the embarrassing situation is always faced. Namely, on the one hand, the phosphorus rich ore resource is gradually exhausted, and according to statistics, P in the phosphorus ore resource in China2O5The average content of the medium and low grade phosphorite is 17-25 percent, the P accounts for more than 80 percent of the total resources2O5The rich ore with the content of more than 30 percent only accounts for about 8 percent of the total amount, and the available phosphorus of the soil is seriously insufficient. On the other hand, the soil can adsorb a great amount of chemical phosphate fertilizerAnd fixation, so that the utilization rate of the phosphate fertilizer in season is generally low. The phosphate fertilizer utilization rate in China is generally between 10% and 25%, and the phosphate fertilizer utilization rate is generally in the range abroad. The theoretical amount of phosphorus accumulated in agricultural soils worldwide is estimated to be sufficient to sustain crop growth for 100 years due to the presence of soil phosphorus fixation phenomena, but very little phosphorus is available. According to statistics, 74% of soil plough layer total phosphorus content in China is high (0.4-2.5 g/kg), but more than 95% of phosphorus in the soil is invalid phosphorus. 1.07 hundred million hm in China2Phosphorus available in agricultural fields<10mg·kg-1The cultivated land is about 50 percent, wherein the cultivated land area of available phosphorus between 3 and 5mg/kg accounts for 30 percent, and the farmland soil is in a high phosphorus deficiency state, so that the current situation that the available phosphorus in the soil is deficient and the potential phosphorus source is rich is formed. How to utilize phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms to develop and utilize phosphorus element fixed by soil and improve the utilization rate of chemical phosphate fertilizer, thereby realizing the effect reduction of the chemical phosphate fertilizer is a problem which needs to be solved urgently in agricultural production in China and is also one of the hot spots of the research of soil fertilizers and plant nutrition circles at home and abroad.
At present, the application of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms is an effective way for promoting the absorption and utilization of soluble phosphorus in soil, and comprises phosphate solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing fungi and phosphate solubilizing actinomycetes. The action of the phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms is expressed, on the one hand, by the immobilization of the microorganisms on available phosphorus, and it is estimated that the phosphorus assimilated by the microorganisms in the soil of an unfertilized field is 4.6 kg/ha/year, whereas the phosphorus carried away by the crop seeds and stalks is 5 kg/ha/year. On the other hand, the microorganism activates the insoluble phosphorus, including the mineralization of organic phosphorus insoluble phosphorus and the dissolution of inorganic insoluble phosphorus. And the phosphate solubilizing capacities of different types of phosphate solubilizing microbial strains are greatly different, and the decomposing capacities of the same functional strain to different phosphorus sources are also different. Several Bacillus species of dissolved Ca isolated from the rhizosphere of leguminous plants by Paul et al3(PO4)2The effect of (A) is as high as 19%. Mudryk reports the order of bacterial phosphate breakdown on the coastal beach of the Bordea sea in the south of the United states: calcium hydrogen phosphate>Iron phosphate salt>Magnesium phosphate salt>Calcium phosphate salt>Aluminum phosphate, and alkaline phosphates are more easily decomposed than acidic phosphates. Zhang Aihua et al obtain mutant strain PS28P by ultraviolet mutagenesis, and after 2d of shake flask culture, the soluble strain in the culture solutionThe phosphorus reaches 257.24mg/L, which is improved by 281.95 percent compared with the original strain. After multiple passage tests, the phosphorus-dissolving capacity of the mutant strain is stabilized at (255.05 +/-3.24) mg/L, and the mutant strain has more stable genetic performance. The results of indoor researches such as Zengguangjie and Zhang Ermin show that the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria HM0332 and HM48-3 strains take phosphate rock powder as a phosphorus source, generate organic acid to decompose and convert the phosphate rock powder under pure culture conditions, and the effective phosphorus conversion rates (namely the phosphorus-solubilizing strength) are respectively 8.28% and 7.26%. The effect of the phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms on the insoluble phosphorus depends on the properties of the microorganisms, and the activity of the microorganisms is greatly influenced by the natural environment, so that the problems of low efficiency and instability exist in the process of converting the insoluble phosphorus in soil by applying the phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a soil phosphorus activator and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to improve the absorption efficiency of insoluble phosphorus in soil and improve the utilization rate of chemical phosphate fertilizer.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a soil phosphorus activator which comprises 15-25 parts by weight of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, 70-80 parts by weight of carriers and 2-8 parts by weight of protective agents, wherein the protective agents are one or a mixture of more of bone meal, gelatin, citric acid and amino acid.
Preferably, the carrier is a mixture formed by mixing grass carbon, bran and cake powder according to a weight ratio of 4-7: 1-3: 1-2.
Preferably, the carrier is a mixture formed by mixing grass carbon, straw powder and cake powder according to a weight ratio of 4-7: 1-3: 1-2.
Preferably, the phosphate solubilizing microorganism is bacillus megaterium phosphate solubilizing.
Preferably, the amino acid is polyglutamic acid.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the soil phosphorus activator, which comprises the following steps:
(1) activating the phosphate solubilizing microorganism, and carrying out enlarged culture to obtain phosphate solubilizing bacteria fermentation liquor;
(2) and adsorbing the phosphate solubilizing bacteria fermentation liquor in the carrier, and mixing the phosphate solubilizing bacteria fermentation liquor with the protective agent to obtain the soil phosphorus activator.
Preferably, the step of activating the phosphate-solubilizing microorganism is as follows: inoculating the phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms into a sterilized LB culture medium, and culturing at 25-28 ℃ and 160-180 r/min for 3-5 d to obtain a phosphate-solubilizing microorganism activation solution.
Preferably, the step of expanding culture is: and (3) inoculating the phosphorus-solubilizing microorganism activating solution into an inorganic phosphorus fermentation culture solution, and culturing for 3-5 days at the temperature of 25-28 ℃ and under the condition of 160-180 r/min to obtain phosphorus-solubilizing bacterium fermentation liquor.
The invention also comprises the application of the soil phosphorus activator, wherein the field application proportion of the soil phosphorus activator is 80-120 kg/mu, and the soil phosphorus activator is applied together with a base fertilizer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the soil phosphorus activator disclosed by the invention can activate insoluble phosphorus in soil and improve the phosphorus condition of the soil. The soil phosphorus activator can ensure that the absorption efficiency of the soil insoluble phosphorus reaches 10.94-13.03 percent, simultaneously can improve the utilization rate of chemical phosphate fertilizers to 21.75-37.98 percent, and improves the utilization rate by 1.75-17.98 percent compared with the conventional planting (the average utilization rate of the phosphate fertilizers is 20 percent). The soil phosphorus activator can promote the synergistic absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of plants while activating the insoluble phosphorus in the soil, thereby realizing the application reduction and the synergism of the fertilizer. The application of the soil phosphorus activator can reduce the use amount of a chemical phosphate fertilizer by 1/2 and increase the yield by 8.2-11.7 percent. The reduced application of the phosphate fertilizer is realized, and the ecological effect on energy conservation and environmental protection is good.
The soil phosphorus activator obviously increases the corn yield and the economic benefit by field demonstration application, and compared with the previous year, the yield per mu in 2013 and 2014 is increased by 76.17 kg and 95.23 kg respectively, the yield increase rate is 11.60% and 12.98% respectively, and the yield increase rate per mu is 85.7 kg averagely. The income increase per mu is 230.29 yuan and 314.48 yuan respectively, the average income increase per mu is 272.38 yuan, and the economic benefit is considerable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of different formulations in examples 1 to 4 of the present invention on phosphate solubilizing bacteria in soil at the jointing stage, the filling stage and the harvesting stage of corn;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of different formulations in examples 5 to 8 of the present invention on phosphate solubilizing bacteria in soil at the jointing stage, the filling stage and the harvesting stage of corn;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of soil phosphorus activators of different formulations on the content of available phosphorus in soil in examples 1 to 8 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of soil phosphorus activators of different formulations on plant nutrient content in examples 1-8 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a soil phosphorus activator which comprises 15-25 parts by weight of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, 70-80 parts by weight of carriers and 2-8 parts by weight of protective agents, wherein the protective agents are one or a mixture of more of bone meal, gelatin, citric acid and amino acid.
In the invention, the phosphate solubilizing microorganisms are a special microorganism functional group capable of converting insoluble phosphorus into soluble phosphorus which can be absorbed and utilized by plants, and comprise phosphate solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing fungi and phosphate solubilizing actinomycetes. The addition amount of the phosphate solubilizing microorganisms is 15-25 parts by weight, and preferably 17-22 parts by weight. The specific types of the phosphate solubilizing microorganisms are not particularly limited, and the microorganisms with the phosphate solubilizing effect disclosed in the prior art can be selected and applied to the soil phosphorus activator. Bacillus megaterium phosphate solubilizing bacteria are preferably used in the embodiments of the present invention. The source of the phosphate solubilizing microorganism is not particularly limited, and a commercially available product or a phosphate solubilizing microorganism obtained by self-isolation culture is adopted. The phosphate solubilizing microorganism in the embodiment of the invention adopts fermented and cultured phosphate solubilizing microorganism fermentation liquor. The method comprises the following specific steps: inoculating solid (liquid) phosphate-solubilizing Bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) stored in an inclined plane (or a centrifugal tube) into a sterilized LB culture medium, culturing at 28 ℃ for 3d at 180r/min, and then inoculating into an inorganic phosphorus fermentation culture solution to culture for 3d to obtain the phosphate solubilizing bacteria fermentation solution. The concentration of the phosphate solubilizing microorganisms is not limited, and the concentration of the phosphate solubilizing microorganisms obtained by fermentation by adopting a conventional method is within the protection scope of the invention. The phosphorus-solubilizing microorganism is used as a phosphorus activator in soil, and can activate insoluble phosphorus in soil by generating gluconic acid, improve the utilization rate of chemical phosphate fertilizer, promote the synergistic absorption of nitrogen and potassium nutrients, improve the utilization rate of the nitrogen and potassium nutrients, and promote the reduction and the synergism of the fertilizer.
The carrier has the main functions of adsorbing and holding the phosphate solubilizing microorganism fermentation liquor and providing nutrient substances such as a nitrogen source, a carbon source and the like for the phosphate solubilizing microorganism. The amount of the carrier added is 70 to 80 parts by weight, preferably 73 to 78 parts by weight.
Preferably, the carrier is a mixture of grass carbon, bran and cake powder in a weight ratio of 4-7: 1-3: 1-2, and more preferably, the weight ratio of the grass carbon to the bran to the cake powder is 5-6: 2: 1. the sources of the grass carbon, the bran and the cake powder are not particularly limited, and the commercial products in the field can be adopted.
Preferably, the carrier is a mixture formed by mixing grass carbon, straw powder and cake powder according to a weight ratio of 4-7: 1-3: 1-2, and more preferably, the weight ratio of the grass carbon to the straw powder to the cake powder is 5-6: 2: 1. the sources of the grass carbon, the straw powder and the cake powder are not particularly limited, and the market products in the field can be adopted.
In the present invention, the amount of the protective agent is 2 to 8 parts by weight, preferably 4 to 6 parts by weight. The protective agent is one or a mixture of more of bone meal, gelatin, citric acid and amino acid. In the embodiment of the invention, two of the soil phosphorus activators are selected as the protective agents of the soil phosphorus activator, but the invention is not limited thereto. The mixing ratio of the bone meal, the gelatin, the citric acid and the amino acid is not particularly limited, and the bone meal, the gelatin, the citric acid and the amino acid are preferably mixed in an equal ratio according to the weight ratio.
The sources of the bone meal, the gelatin, the citric acid and the amino acid are not particularly limited, and the products sold in the field can be adopted. In the present invention, the amino acid is preferably polyglutamic acid.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the soil phosphorus activator, which comprises the following steps:
(1) activating the phosphate solubilizing microorganism, and carrying out enlarged culture to obtain phosphate solubilizing bacteria fermentation liquor;
(2) and adsorbing the phosphate solubilizing bacteria fermentation liquor in the carrier, and mixing the phosphate solubilizing bacteria fermentation liquor with the protective agent to obtain the soil phosphorus activator.
The phosphate solubilizing microorganism of the invention is preferably solid or liquid phosphate solubilizing microorganism preserved on an inclined plane, and the type of the phosphate solubilizing microorganism is preferably bacillus megaterium phosphate solubilizing. Activating and culturing the preserved phosphate solubilizing microorganisms in an LB culture medium, wherein the activating and culturing conditions are as follows: at 26-28 ℃ and 160-180 r/min. And after culturing for 3-5 days, carrying out fermentation culture on the obtained phosphorus-solubilizing microorganism activating solution in an inorganic phosphorus fermentation culture solution. The invention has no special limitation on the type of the inorganic phosphorus fermentation culture solution, and the phosphorus-dissolving microorganism is fermented by adopting the conventional inorganic phosphorus fermentation culture solution in the field. The preferable formula of the inorganic phosphorus fermentation culture solution is as follows: glucose 10g, (NH)4)2SO40.5g，NaC10.3g，KCL 0.3g，MgSO4·7H2O 0.3g，FeSO4·7H2O 0.002g，MnSO4·H2O 0.002g，Ca3(PO4)25g of the total weight. The conditions of fermentation culture are 160-180 r/min at 26-28 ℃, and the phosphorus-solubilizing bacterium fermentation liquor is obtained after 3-5 days of fermentation.
And adsorbing the phosphate solubilizing bacteria fermentation liquor in a carrier, and mixing the carrier with a protective agent to obtain the soil phosphorus activator. The carrier is a mixture of grass carbon, bran and cake powder, or a mixture of grass carbon, straw powder and cake powder. The phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria fermentation liquor is adsorbed in carriers of different formulas according to the proportion of 10-30%, and meanwhile, a protective agent is added and mixed to obtain the soil phosphorus activator.
The invention also provides application of the soil phosphorus activator. The soil phosphorus activator is applied at a field application ratio of 80-120 kg/mu, preferably 90-110 kg/mu, and is applied in combination with a base fertilizer.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples for better understanding the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A soil phosphorus activator (denoted as F1, wherein F represents a carrier and 1 represents a protective agent) comprises 20% of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, 75% of carrier and 5% of protective agent in percentage by weight. The phosphate solubilizing microorganism is bacillus megaterium phosphate solubilizing. The carrier comprises 60 percent of grass carbon, 30 percent of bran and 10 percent of cake powder in percentage by weight. The protective agent is mixed bone meal and gelatin according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
inoculating solid phosphate solubilizing Bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) preserved on a slant into 50ml of sterilized LB culture medium, culturing at 28 ℃ for 3d at 180r/min, and then inoculating into an inorganic phosphorus fermentation culture solution to culture for 3d to obtain the phosphate solubilizing bacteria fermentation liquor. Adsorbing the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria fermentation liquor on a carrier, adding a protective agent, and mixing to prepare the soil phosphorus activator.
Example 2
A soil phosphorus activator (denoted as F2, wherein F represents a carrier and 2 represents a protective agent) comprises 20% of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, 75% of carrier and 5% of protective agent in percentage by weight. The phosphate solubilizing microorganism is bacillus megaterium phosphate solubilizing. The carrier comprises 60 percent of grass carbon, 30 percent of bran and 10 percent of cake powder in percentage by weight. The protective agent is citric acid and gelatin which are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.
The method of example 1 was used to prepare a soil phosphorus activator.
Example 3
A soil phosphorus activator (denoted as F3, wherein F represents a carrier and 3 represents a protective agent) comprises 16% of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, 80% of carrier and 4% of protective agent in percentage by weight. The phosphate solubilizing microorganism is bacillus megaterium phosphate solubilizing. The carrier comprises 60 percent of grass carbon, 30 percent of bran and 10 percent of cake powder in percentage by weight. The protective agent is mixed bone meal and polyglutamic acid according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.
The method of example 1 was used to prepare a soil phosphorus activator.
Example 4
A soil phosphorus activator (denoted as F4, wherein F represents a carrier and 4 represents a protective agent) comprises 18% of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, 74% of carrier and 8% of protective agent in percentage by weight. The phosphate solubilizing microorganism is bacillus megaterium phosphate solubilizing. The carrier comprises 60 percent of grass carbon, 30 percent of bran and 10 percent of cake powder in percentage by weight. The protective agent is citric acid and amino acid mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.
The method of example 1 was used to prepare a soil phosphorus activator.
Example 5
A soil phosphorus activator (denoted as Y1, wherein Y represents a carrier and 1 represents a protective agent) comprises 20% of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, 75% of carrier and 5% of protective agent in percentage by weight. The phosphate solubilizing microorganism is bacillus megaterium phosphate solubilizing. The carrier comprises 60 percent of grass carbon, 30 percent of straw powder and 10 percent of cake powder in percentage by weight. The protective agent is mixed bone meal and gelatin according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.
The method of example 1 was used to prepare a soil phosphorus activator.
Example 6
A soil phosphorus activator (denoted as Y2, wherein Y represents a carrier and 2 represents a protective agent) comprises 20% of phosphate solubilizing microorganism, 75% of carrier and 5% of protective agent in percentage by weight. The phosphate solubilizing microorganism is bacillus megaterium phosphate solubilizing. The carrier comprises 60 percent of grass carbon, 30 percent of straw powder and 10 percent of cake powder in percentage by weight. The protective agent is citric acid and gelatin which are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.
The method of example 1 was used to prepare a soil phosphorus activator.
Example 7
A soil phosphorus activator (denoted as Y3, wherein Y represents a carrier and 3 represents a protective agent) comprises 20% of phosphate solubilizing microorganism, 76% of carrier and 4% of protective agent in percentage by weight. The phosphate solubilizing microorganism is bacillus megaterium phosphate solubilizing. The carrier comprises 60 percent of grass carbon, 30 percent of straw powder and 10 percent of cake powder in percentage by weight. The protective agent is mixed bone meal and polyglutamic acid according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.
The method of example 1 was used to prepare a soil phosphorus activator.
Example 8
A soil phosphorus activator (denoted as Y4, wherein Y represents a carrier and 4 represents a protective agent) comprises 22% of phosphate solubilizing microorganism, 73% of carrier and 5% of protective agent by weight percentage. The phosphate solubilizing microorganism is bacillus megaterium phosphate solubilizing. The carrier comprises 60 percent of grass carbon, 30 percent of straw powder and 10 percent of cake powder in percentage by weight. The protective agent is citric acid and amino acid mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.
The method of example 1 was used to prepare a soil phosphorus activator.
Example 9
The influence of the soil phosphorus activator on the number of phosphorus-dissolving bacteria in the soil
The soil phosphorus activator is applied to soil for sowing corn. The field application proportion of the soil phosphorus activator is 100 kg/mu, and the soil phosphorus activator is applied together with base fertilizer.
Phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria number detection is carried out on potted soil before corn sowing, in the jointing stage, in the filling stage and after harvesting (figure 1 and figure 2), and results show that the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria number treated by different formulas is different. The formulation of the carrier in the embodiment 1-4 has higher phosphorus-dissolving bacteria amount in the corn jointing stage and the filling stage, and has a certain content in the harvesting stage. The number of phosphorus-dissolving bacteria among different formulas in the jointing stage is F4, F1, F3, F2 and F2, F3, F1 and F4 in sequence. The content of the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria is detected only in the jointing stage by using different formulations of the carriers in the embodiments 5-8, the number of the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria is reduced rapidly in the grouting stage and after harvesting, and the treatment of single fertilizer application has certain content.
A certain amount of phosphorus-dissolving bacteria are detected by the two adsorption carriers in the jointing stage, but the decrease range of the amount of the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria in the harvesting stage is larger, and whether the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria release microbial phosphorus due to self-melting of the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria in the growth process of the corn is indicated, and the phosphorus condition of the soil and the plant is to be analyzed in combination.
Example 10
Influence of soil phosphorus activator on soil available phosphorus content
The soil phosphorus activator is applied to soil for sowing corn. The field application proportion of the soil phosphorus activator is 100 kg/mu, and the soil phosphorus activator is applied together with base fertilizer.
The influence of the soil phosphorus activator with different material formulas on the content of the soil available phosphorus is shown in figure 3, and the results show that different formulas obviously improve the content of the soil available phosphorus, so that phosphorus-dissolving bacteria can survive in the screened formula and activate the insoluble phosphorus in the soil into the available phosphorus which can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants. Compared with the soil before sowing, the content of the quick-acting phosphorus in the soil treated in the example 7 in the jointing stage is increased by 58.72%, the content of the quick-acting phosphorus in the soil treated in the examples 6 and 3 is also increased by 43.69% and 36.01%, respectively, and the content of the quick-acting phosphorus in the blank control in the jointing stage is reduced by 16.57% compared with the content before sowing. After the crops are harvested, the content of the quick-acting phosphorus in the soil is obviously reduced, which shows that the phosphorus-dissolving microorganisms not only activate the indissolvable phosphorus in the soil, but also promote the plants to absorb the phosphorus in the soil.
Example 11
Influence of different formula soil phosphorus activator on phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen content of plants
The soil phosphorus activator is applied to soil for sowing corn. The field application proportion of the soil phosphorus activator is 100 kg/mu, and the soil phosphorus activator is applied together with base fertilizer.
As can be seen from fig. 4, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the corn plants treated in examples 6 and 7 were in the first two positions, which are significantly higher than those of the blank control. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content increases by 75.09% and 62.65%, 35.08% and 32.89%, 40.21% and 46.47% for the treatments of examples 6 and 7, respectively, compared to the CK treatment. The situation that plants absorb nutrients and the content of available phosphorus in soil show better consistency, which shows that under the test condition, soil phosphorus activators prepared by different protectant materials show positive promotion effects on improving the soil phosphorus condition and promoting the absorption of plant nutrients, and the phosphorus nutrients, nitrogen and potassium of the plants also show synergistic absorption effects.
Example 12
Action of soil phosphorus activator on activating soil insoluble phosphorus and improving fertilizer utilization rate
In the fieldThe experiment set up 5 treatments 3 replicates, 6 rows of cells, cell area 30m2Specifically, the method is set as shown in example 1+ NK (total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer) +2/3P (phosphate fertilizer with 2/3 content); EXAMPLE 2+ NK + 2/3P; EXAMPLE 3+ NK + 2/3P; EXAMPLE 4+ NK (determination of the effect of the bacterial solution on insoluble phosphorus in soil); NK (CK) (measurement of phosphorus supply ability to soil). The fertilizer application amount is N240kg/ha and P2O5120kg/ha、K2120kg/ha of O, and selecting elementary fertilizer of urea (N46%), diammonium phosphate (N18%, P)2O546%) and potassium chloride (K)2O 60％)。
The application of the soil phosphorus activator can lead the utilization rate of the phosphate fertilizer to reach 21.75-37.98%, which is improved by 1.75-17.98% compared with the average utilization rate (20%) of the phosphate fertilizer produced at present, and the phosphorus-soluble biological fertilizer can lead the absorption efficiency of the soil insoluble phosphorus to reach 10.94% (table 1).
TABLE 1 effects of soil phosphorus activators on activating insoluble phosphorus in soil and improving fertilizer utilization
Example 13
Effect of soil phosphorus activator on corn yield
The potting experiment was set up with 9 treatments and 8 replicates. The specific setting is that embodiment 1; ② example 2; ③ example 3; EXAMPLE 4; fifth, example 5; sixthly, the preparation method comprises the following steps of (1); example 7; example 8; ninthly CK. The fertilizer application amount is N200kg/ha and P2O590kg/ha、K2O90 kg/ha, and selecting the elementary fertilizer as urea (N46%), diammonium phosphate (N18%, P)2O546%) and potassium chloride (K)2O 60％)。
(1) Effect on increasing corn yield
Compared with single fertilizer application, the application of the soil phosphorus activator can improve the corn yield by 9.55-25.33%, and the sequence of the influence on the corn yield is F3> Y3 > Y4 > F2> Y2 > F1> F4> Y1. The influence on the corn kernel yield is approximately the same as the trend of yield performance, the sequence is Y4 & gtF 3 & gtF 2 & gtY 3 & gtF 1 & gtF 4 & gtY 1 & gtY 2, and the maximum seed yield is increased by 2.17 percentage points (Table 2).
TABLE 2 influence of soil phosphorus activators on corn yield and seed yield
(2) Demonstration of application effect of soil phosphorus activator on corn
Respectively adsorbing the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria fermentation liquid on carriers with different formulas to obtain different types of soil phosphorus activators, and combining with conventional amount of N225kg/ha, P2O590kg/ha、K2O100 kg/ha) and half of reduced phosphate fertilizer are applied in a field demonstration mode, and the effect of the soil phosphorus activator on promoting the yield of the corn is determined.
The field demonstration results show that the control treatment (N + P + K) produces 671 kg in average field; example 1+ N + K +1/2P average yield 671.1 kg, which is equal to the control; in the example 6, 726 kilograms of average field yield of + N + K +1/2P is increased by 8.2 percent compared with the control; example 7+ N + K +1/2P, average field yield 729.7 kg, 8.7% increase over control; example 8+ N + K +1/2P, average yield 749.4 kg, 11.7% increase over control. The application of the soil phosphorus activator can reduce the dosage of the chemical phosphate fertilizer by 1/2 and increase the yield by 8.2 to 11.7 percent. The reduced application of the phosphate fertilizer is realized, and the ecological effect on energy conservation and environmental protection is good.
TABLE 3 influence of soil phosphorus activators on corn yield and yield composition
And (4) conclusion:
(1) certain selectivity exists between different carriers and protectant materials, for example, the protectant formula 3 is bone meal and amino acid, the best biological characters and yield results are obtained by taking F or Y as the carrier, and the development of the soil phosphorus activator can be guided by taking the bone meal and the amino acid as the protectant and taking F or Y as the carrier in production.
(2) Through analysis of the number of phosphorus-dissolving bacteria in soil, the content of available phosphorus in soil and the accumulation of plant nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different periods, the combination of different carriers and different formulas can activate insoluble phosphorus in soil, improve the phosphorus condition of soil and promote the synergistic absorption of plant nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients.
(3) The soil phosphorus activator can reduce the dosage of a chemical phosphate fertilizer by 1/3-1/2, so that the activation rate of insoluble phosphorus in soil reaches 10.94%, and meanwhile, the utilization rate of the phosphate fertilizer reaches 30.21%, and is improved by 10.21% compared with the average utilization rate of the phosphate fertilizer in production. The field demonstration application can improve the corn yield by 8.2 to 11.7 percent.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The soil phosphorus activator is characterized by comprising 15-25 parts by weight of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, 70-80 parts by weight of carriers and 2-8 parts by weight of protective agents, wherein the protective agents are one or a mixture of more of bone meal, gelatin, citric acid and amino acid;
the phosphate solubilizing microorganism is bacillus megaterium phosphate solubilizing; the carrier is a mixture formed by mixing grass carbon, bran and cake powder according to a weight ratio of 4-7: 1-3: 1-2 or a mixture formed by mixing grass carbon, straw powder and cake powder according to a weight ratio of 4-7: 1-3: 1-2;
the soil phosphorus activator is prepared by the following steps:
(1) activating the phosphate solubilizing microorganism, and carrying out enlarged culture to obtain phosphate solubilizing bacteria fermentation liquor;
(2) and adsorbing the phosphate solubilizing bacteria fermentation liquor in the carrier, and mixing the phosphate solubilizing bacteria fermentation liquor with the protective agent to obtain the soil phosphorus activator.
2. The soil phosphorus activator of claim 1, wherein the amino acid is polyglutamic acid.
3. The method for preparing the soil phosphorus activator according to any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising the steps of:
(1) activating the phosphate solubilizing microorganism, and carrying out enlarged culture to obtain phosphate solubilizing bacteria fermentation liquor;
(2) and adsorbing the phosphate solubilizing bacteria fermentation liquor in the carrier, and mixing the phosphate solubilizing bacteria fermentation liquor with the protective agent to obtain the soil phosphorus activator.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the step of activating the phosphate solubilizing microorganism is: inoculating the phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms into a sterilized LB culture medium, and culturing at the temperature of 25-28 ℃ and at the speed of 160-180 r/min for 3 d-5 d to obtain the phosphate-solubilizing microorganism activation solution.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the step of expanding culture comprises: and (3) inoculating the phosphorus-solubilizing microorganism activating solution into an inorganic phosphorus fermentation culture solution, and culturing for 3-5 days at the temperature of 25-28 ℃ and under the condition of 160-180 r/min to obtain phosphorus-solubilizing bacterium fermentation liquor.
6. The application of the soil phosphorus activator in any one of claims 1-2 or the soil phosphorus activator prepared by the method in any one of claims 3-5, wherein the soil phosphorus activator is applied in a field application ratio of 80-120 kg/mu in combination with a base fertilizer.
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| CN108083884A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-05-29 | 魏莉丽 | A kind of organic fertilizer and its subtract the application in applying synergy in rice |
| CN109293444A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-02-01 | 史丹利农业集团股份有限公司 | A kind of phosphorus element activator of calacareous soil and the preparation method and application thereof |
| CN109734526A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-05-10 | 黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所 | A kind of phosphorus element, nitrogen nutrient activator and Efficient fertilization method |
| CN112679260B (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2023-04-07 | 浙江农林大学 | Soil conditioner for changing phosphorus element effectiveness of ground phosphate rock and preparation method thereof |
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