CN107162623A - 一种应用于太阳能热发电系统的低成本太阳能陶瓷材料 - Google Patents

一种应用于太阳能热发电系统的低成本太阳能陶瓷材料 Download PDF

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CN107162623A
CN107162623A CN201710360963.6A CN201710360963A CN107162623A CN 107162623 A CN107162623 A CN 107162623A CN 201710360963 A CN201710360963 A CN 201710360963A CN 107162623 A CN107162623 A CN 107162623A
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孙雪伟
曾庆伟
唐建亚
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Jiangsu Zhonglu transportation science and Technology Co.,Ltd.
Zhonglu Jiaoke Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种应用于太阳能热发电系统的低成本太阳能陶瓷材料，主要成分包括：氮化硅、二氧化硅、硅化钛、氧化锂、氧化铌、氧化铝、氧化钠、氧化硼、氟化钡以及氮化硼。本发明的应用于太阳能热发电系统的低成本太阳能陶瓷材料气孔均匀，有利于泡沫陶瓷强度提高；加入氟化钡可以显著降低烧结温度，从而降低成本，节能降耗；烧成后泡沫陶瓷主晶相为氮化硅和二氧化硅，抗压强度为好，抗热震能力强，高比表面和高热导率等特点，有效解决了当前太阳能吸热体材料抗热震性能差的问题。

Description

一种应用于太阳能热发电系统的低成本太阳能陶瓷材料
技术领域
本发明涉及新能源技术领域，尤其涉及一种应用于太阳能热发电系统的低成本太阳能陶瓷材料。
背景技术
新能源是传统能源之外的各种能源形式，包括太阳能、地热能、海洋能、风能和核聚变能等。太阳能是取之不尽用之不竭的可再生资源，开发和利用太阳能是实现能源供应多元化、保证能源安全的重要途径之一。近年来，在节能减排的政策引导和要求下，我国建筑中太阳能光热技术的应用显著增加，对于太阳能建筑一体化的要求也越来越高。
太阳能塔式发电是应用的塔式系统。塔式系统又称集中式系统。它是在很大面积的场地上装有许多台大型太阳能反射镜，通常称为定日镜，每台都各自配有跟踪机构准确的将太阳光反射集中到一个高塔顶部的接受器上。接受器上的聚光倍率可超过1000倍。在这里把吸收的太阳光能转化成热能，再将热能传给工质，经过蓄热环节，再输入热动力机，膨胀做工，带动发电机，最后以电能的形式输出。主要由聚光子系统、集热子系统、蓄热子系统、发电子系统等部分组成。
塔式太阳能热发电系统由于聚光比高(200-100KW/m2)、热力循环温度高、热损耗小、系统简单且效率高的特点得到世界各国的重视，是目前各国都在大力研究的先进的大规模太阳能热发电技术，作为塔式太阳能热发电核心的空气吸热器，其中的高温吸热体材料担负着接收太阳聚光能量，以及吸热换热的重要作用，影响着整个热发电系统的稳定性及效率的高低。
但是，由于塔式吸热器聚光能流密度不均匀性和不稳定性形成的吸热体局部热斑造成材料热应力破坏、空气流动稳定性差以及耐久性不高等问题，因而需迫切的开发具有抗高温氧化性好、抗热震性好、具有三维或者二维的连通结构、高比表面以及高热导率的新型吸热体材料。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题，本发明提出了一种应用于太阳能热发电系统的低成本太阳能陶瓷材料。
一种应用于太阳能热发电系统的低成本太阳能陶瓷材料，包括以下重量份的组分：氮化硅5-10份，二氧化硅80-100份，硅化钛5-10，氧化锂3-5份，氧化铌1-3份，氧化铝15-25份，氧化钠3-8份，氧化硼3-5份，氟化钡3-6份，氮化硼2-4份。
优选的，包括以下重量份的组分：氮化硅8份，二氧化硅90份，硅化钛6份，氧化锂4份，氧化铌2.5份，氧化铝18份，氧化钠5份，氧化硼4份，氟化钡5份，氮化硼3.5份。
优选的，各组分均为平均粒径80-200nm的粉末。
上述一种应用于太阳能热发电系统的低成本太阳能陶瓷材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
A、先将硅化钛、氧化锂、氧化铌、氧化铝、氧化钠、氧化硼、氟化钡以及氮化硼混合均匀后，高温热固成型，并再次研磨成纳米级粉末得到混合添加剂，
B、然后加入到氮化硅和二氧化硅混合粉末中，混合均匀并二次烧结，得到陶瓷材料。
优选的，所述的步骤A中，高温热固成型的温度为800-900℃，烧结的时间为50-80min：
优选的，所述的步骤A中，混合添加剂的粒径为20-80nm。
优选的，所述的步骤B中，二次烧结的条件为：真空度60-100Pa；温度850-950℃，二次烧结的时间为100-150min。
本方案相比于传统方案的有益之处在于：本发明制备的应用于太阳能热发电系统的低成本太阳能陶瓷材料，主要成分包括：氮化硅、二氧化硅、硅化钛、氧化锂、氧化铌、氧化铝、氧化钠、氧化硼、氟化钡以及氮化硼。本发明的应用于太阳能热发电系统的低成本太阳能陶瓷材料气孔均匀，有利于泡沫陶瓷强度提高；加入氟化钡可以显著降低烧结温度，从而降低成本，节能降耗；烧成后泡沫陶瓷主晶相为氮化硅和二氧化硅，抗压强度为好，抗热震能力强，高比表面和高热导率等特点，有效解决了当前太阳能吸热体材料抗热震性能差的问题。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
一种应用于太阳能热发电系统的低成本太阳能陶瓷材料，包括以下重量份的组分：氮化硅8份，二氧化硅90份，硅化钛6份，氧化锂4份，氧化铌2.5份，氧化铝18份，氧化钠5份，氧化硼4份，氟化钡5份，氮化硼3.5份。
各组分均为平均粒径80-200nm的粉末。
上述一种应用于太阳能热发电系统的低成本太阳能陶瓷材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
A、先将硅化钛、氧化锂、氧化铌、氧化铝、氧化钠、氧化硼、氟化钡以及氮化硼混合均匀后，高温热固成型，并再次研磨成纳米级粉末得到混合添加剂，
B、然后加入到氮化硅和二氧化硅混合粉末中，混合均匀并二次烧结，得到陶瓷材料。
所述的步骤A中，高温热固成型的温度为850℃，烧结的时间为50-80min：
所述的步骤A中，混合添加剂的粒径为20-80nm。
所述的步骤B中，二次烧结的条件为：真空度80Pa；温度920℃，二次烧结的时间为120min。
实施例2：
一种应用于太阳能热发电系统的低成本太阳能陶瓷材料，包括以下重量份的组分：氮化硅10份，二氧化硅80份，硅化钛10，氧化锂3份，氧化铌3份，氧化铝15份，氧化钠8份，氧化硼3份，氟化钡3份，氮化硼4份。
各组分均为平均粒径80-200nm的粉末。
上述一种应用于太阳能热发电系统的低成本太阳能陶瓷材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
A、先将硅化钛、氧化锂、氧化铌、氧化铝、氧化钠、氧化硼、氟化钡以及氮化硼混合均匀后，高温热固成型，并再次研磨成纳米级粉末得到混合添加剂，
B、然后加入到氮化硅和二氧化硅混合粉末中，混合均匀并二次烧结，得到陶瓷材料。
所述的步骤A中，高温热固成型的温度为800℃，烧结的时间为80min：
所述的步骤A中，混合添加剂的粒径为20-80nm。
所述的步骤B中，二次烧结的条件为：真空度60Pa；温度950℃，二次烧结的时间为100min。
实施例3：
一种应用于太阳能热发电系统的低成本太阳能陶瓷材料，包括以下重量份的组分：氮化硅5份，二氧化硅100份，硅化钛5，氧化锂5份，氧化铌1份，氧化铝25份，氧化钠3份，氧化硼5份，氟化钡6份，氮化硼2份。
各组分均为平均粒径80-200nm的粉末。
上述一种应用于太阳能热发电系统的低成本太阳能陶瓷材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
A、先将硅化钛、氧化锂、氧化铌、氧化铝、氧化钠、氧化硼、氟化钡以及氮化硼混合均匀后，高温热固成型，并再次研磨成纳米级粉末得到混合添加剂，
B、然后加入到氮化硅和二氧化硅混合粉末中，混合均匀并二次烧结，得到陶瓷材料。
所述的步骤A中，高温热固成型的温度为900℃，烧结的时间为50min：
所述的步骤A中，混合添加剂的粒径为20-80nm。
所述的步骤B中，二次烧结的条件为：真空度100Pa；温度850℃，二次烧结的时间为150min。
对比例1
将实施例1的样品中的氟化钡去除，其余制备条件不变。
对比例2
将实施例1的样品中的氟化钡去除，并将步骤A中的高温热固成型的温度为提升为1280℃，其余制备条件不变。
以下对实施例1-3和对比例1和2的样品进行检测
检测并统计实施例1-3所得陶瓷材料的气孔率，平均孔径，抗压强度和30次热震后抗压强度，结果见表1。
由表1可知，本发明的应用于太阳能热发电系统的低成本太阳能陶瓷材料气孔均匀，抗压强度高，抗热震性能好；虽然将高温热固成型的温度为提升为1280℃，材料的抗压强度和抗热震性能可以得到进一步的提升，但是降低热固成型温度后，性能下降的幅度小于10％，仍显著高于市场上的产品。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变型，这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种应用于太阳能热发电系统的低成本太阳能陶瓷材料，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的组分：氮化硅5-10份，二氧化硅80-100份，硅化钛5-10，氧化锂3-5份，氧化铌1-3份，氧化铝15-25份，氧化钠3-8份，氧化硼3-5份，氟化钡3-6份，氮化硼2-4份。
2.如权利要求1所述的应用于太阳能热发电系统的低成本太阳能陶瓷材料，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的组分：氮化硅8份，二氧化硅90份，硅化钛6份，氧化锂4份，氧化铌2.5份，氧化铝18份，氧化钠5份，氧化硼4份，氟化钡5份，氮化硼3.5份。
3.如权利要求1所述的应用于太阳能热发电系统的低成本太阳能陶瓷材料，其特征在于，各组分均为平均粒径80-200nm的粉末。
4.如权利要求1-3任一所述的应用于太阳能热发电系统的低成本太阳能陶瓷材料，其特征在于，其制备方法，包括以下步骤：
A、先将硅化钛、氧化锂、氧化铌、氧化铝、氧化钠、氧化硼、氟化钡以及氮化硼混合均匀后，高温热固成型，并再次研磨成纳米级粉末得到混合添加剂，
B、然后加入到氮化硅和二氧化硅混合粉末中，混合均匀并二次烧结，得到陶瓷材料。
5.如权利要求4任一所述的应用于太阳能热发电系统的低成本太阳能陶瓷材料，其特征在于，所述的步骤A中，高温热固成型的温度为800-900℃，烧结的时间为50-80min。
6.如权利要求4任一所述的应用于太阳能热发电系统的低成本太阳能陶瓷材料，其特征在于，所述的步骤A中，混合添加剂的粒径为20-80nm。
7.如权利要求4任一所述的应用于太阳能热发电系统的低成本太阳能陶瓷材料，其特征在于，所述的步骤B中，二次烧结的条件为：真空度60-100Pa；温度850-950℃，二次烧结的时间为100-150min。
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