CN107159277A - 一种分解过氧化氢的催化剂及其制备方法、使用方法 - Google Patents

一种分解过氧化氢的催化剂及其制备方法、使用方法 Download PDF

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CN107159277A
CN107159277A CN201710301277.1A CN201710301277A CN107159277A CN 107159277 A CN107159277 A CN 107159277A CN 201710301277 A CN201710301277 A CN 201710301277A CN 107159277 A CN107159277 A CN 107159277A
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catalyst
hydrogen peroxide
preparation
peroxide gas
isolator
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王幼彤
李伟生
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Shanghai Step Pharmaceutical Equipment Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种分解过氧化氢的催化剂及其制备方法、使用方法。催化剂的原料包括活性组分和催化剂载体，活性组分包括Al2O3、SiO2、CeO2、ZrO2、MgO、La2O3、Ti O2、F2、Nd2O3和Fe2O3，催化剂载体包括CaO、PdO、HfO2、P2O5、K2O、HCl、Rh、ZnO和As2O3。催化剂的制备方法：将原料混匀，置于模具中，在900‑1100℃下高温烧结成多孔陶瓷固化物，即可。催化剂的使用方法：将过氧化氢气体输入隔离器中，进行灭菌处理后通过催化剂，进行剩余过氧化氢气体的分解，至浓度降至1ppm以下。本发明提供的催化剂催化速度快，催化效果稳定，能兼顾效率和安全的问题。

Description

一种分解过氧化氢的催化剂及其制备方法、使用方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种分解过氧化氢的催化剂及其制备方法、使用方法。
背景技术
过氧化氢在上世纪70年代开始应用于食品设备的包装材料灭菌上，80年代为美国环保署正式核准，作为可以替代甲醛或其他消毒剂，符合环保要求的一种消毒、灭菌剂。虽然过氧化氢是无害的，但是其以气体分子出现时，对人体及环境是有害的。
过氧化氢具有过氧键，-O-O-中O不是最低氧化态，故不稳定，容易断开。常温下波长为320～380nm的光照射，或是加热，使用催化剂都可以加速过氧化氢的分解。光照速度太慢，加热浪费能源，而分解速率不稳定，所以寻找一种合适的催化剂便更加重要。过氧化氢的催化原理主要有以下几种：
1、过氧化氢酶：是催化过氧化氢分解成氧和水的一种酶，广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物体内的末端氧化酶，酶分子结构中含有铁卟啉环，1个分子酶蛋白中含有4个铁原子。它的主要作用就是催化H2O2分解为H2O与O2，使得H2O2不至于与O2在铁螯合物作用下反应生成非常有害的-OH过氧化氢酶的作用是使过氧化氢还原成水:2H2O2→O2+2H2O。但过氧化氢酶因提炼成本因素，不能广泛应用在工业领域。
2、过渡元素氧化物对过氧化氢的分解有催化作用。如氧化铬Cr2O3、氧化锰MnO2、氧化铁Fe2O3、氧化钴CoO、氧化镍NiO、氧化铜CuO、氧化亚铜Cu2O、氧化锌ZnO。但此类物质会导致催化速率太快，容易形成高温高压的安全隐患，十分危险，难以控制，因此在大规模工业生产中应用较少。
3、采用的是活性炭等吸附的方式，再让过氧化氢自然分解，其分解效果不理想，同时在使用后无法还原，需要定期的更换。
因此，开发一种效果理想、性能安全能实现工业化应用的过氧化氢催化剂，迫在眉睫。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术中的过渡元素氧化物作为催化剂具有催化速率太快，难以控制的缺陷，而提供了一种分解过氧化氢的催化剂及其制备方法、使用方法。
本发明提供了一种分解过氧化氢的催化剂，其原料包括活性组分和催化剂载体，所述活性组分包括Al2O3、SiO2、CeO2、ZrO2、MgO、La2O3、Ti O2、F2、Nd2O3和Fe2O3，所述催化剂载体包括CaO、PdO、HfO2、P2O5、K2O、HCl、Rh、ZnO和As2O3，所述活性组分和所述催化剂载体中各组分的用量如下表1所示：
表1催化剂的原料组分
较佳地，所述活性组分和所述催化剂载体中各组分的用量如下表2所示：
表2催化剂的原料组分
其中，催化剂载体发挥的作用是致孔剂和成膏剂。
其中，F2以气态形式作为原料，HCl以液态盐酸的形式作为原料，Rh以固态单质存在。
本发明还提供了上述催化剂的制备方法，其包括如下步骤：将各原料称重后，混合均匀，置于模具中，再在900-1100℃下高温烧结成多孔陶瓷固化物，即可。
本发明中，按照本领域常规，所述的混合均匀在湿法搅拌混料机中进行。
本发明中，所述模具为本领域常规设备，较佳地为不锈钢模具，能在高温环境下不产生形变。
本发明中，按照本领域常规，所述的高温烧结在电热烤箱中进行；所述高温烧结的温度较佳地为1000℃。
本发明还提供了一种上述催化剂的使用方法，将过氧化氢气体输入隔离器中，进行灭菌处理，灭菌后的过氧化氢气体通过所述催化剂，进行剩余过氧化氢气体的分解，至所述隔离器中过氧化氢气体的浓度降至1ppm以下，即可。
本发明中，所述的过氧化氢气体一般来自于过氧化氢气体发生器。
本发明中，所述的隔离器为本领域常规设备，一般为过氧化氢灭菌器。
本发明中，较佳地，还将高温烧结后得到的多孔陶瓷固化物(即催化剂)组装入不锈钢外壳中，得到催化器。以催化器的形式进行催化，便于过氧化氢气体的流动，并使过氧化氢气体与催化器有更大的接触面。并将催化器安装在所述隔离器内，或者安装在所述隔离器的排风管道上，进行剩余过氧化氢气体的分解，其中后者效果更佳。
根据上述使用方法，本发明所述的催化剂可以应用于制药企业、医院、学院生物试验室环境消毒灭菌。一般配合在过氧化氢灭菌器上使用，目的是将灭菌后空间中的气态过氧化氢分解为对人和环境无危害的水和氧气，使灭菌空间内的过氧化氢浓度降至1ppm以下，避免对人和环境无任何危害和潜在威胁的程度。
在符合本领域常识的基础上，上述各优选条件，可任意组合，即得本发明各较佳实例。
本发明所用试剂和原料均市售可得。
本发明的积极进步效果在于：本发明提供的催化剂催化速度快，催化效果稳定，能最大限度地催化分解过氧化氢，兼顾效率和安全的问题，而且耐高温，方便取用；反应后自动还原，节省费用。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的催化剂的制备工艺流程图。
图2为本发明实施例1的催化剂的使用工艺流程图。
图3为效果实施例1中本申请与对比实施例1的对比效果图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明，但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法，按照常规方法和条件，或按照商品说明书选择。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种分解过氧化氢的催化剂，其原料包括活性组分和催化剂载体，所述活性组分包括Al2O3、SiO2、CeO2、ZrO2、MgO、La2O3、TiO2、F2、Nd2O3和Fe2O3，所述催化剂载体包括CaO、PdO、HfO2、P2O5、K2O、HCl、Rh、ZnO和As2O3，所述活性组分和所述催化剂载体中各组分的用量如表2所示。
催化剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：将各原料称重后，在湿法搅拌混料机中混合均匀，置于模具中，再在电热烤箱中以1000℃下高温烧结成多孔陶瓷固化物，对烧结后的多孔陶瓷固化物的结构尺寸进行测定，目数为10目。图1为本实施例中催化剂的制备工艺流程图。
图2为本实施例中催化剂的使用工艺流程图，具体来说，是将高温烧结后得到的多孔陶瓷固化物(即催化剂)组装入不锈钢外壳中，得到催化器。然后将催化器安装在所述隔离器的排风管道上。可以实现将灭菌空间中过氧化氢气体的浓度由400ppm降低至1ppm以下。
对比实施例1
现有技术中，市场上使用过氧化氢作为灭菌剂的应用比较多的是气化过氧化氢传递窗或者带气化过氧化氢灭菌功能的隔离器。传递窗或隔离器在使用气化过氧化氢灭菌后，需要将过氧化氢的浓度降到安全的水平1ppm以下。如果让过氧化氢自然降解，降解的过程需要至少8个小时以上，才能符合实际生产的要求。因此通常的做法是引入新风，替换过氧化氢气体或微液滴，可以比较快的将环境中的过氧化氢浓度在20分钟到三个小时内降为1ppm以下。
但是其缺点是在排气的过程中，如果过氧化氢气体排到室内环境，由于浓度太高(比如100ppm)会对人员健康甚或生命造成危害，如果排入空调系统的管道，高浓度的过氧化氢(比如500ppm)会腐蚀镀锌钢板制作的风管，造成设备的损坏及空调系统漏气。
效果实施例1
利用本申请实施例1制备的催化剂，并在排风管道上加装含催化剂的催化器，促进过氧化氢的分解，能够将其快速地分解为水及氧气，符合保护人员及环境的宗旨。过氧化氢灭菌器在使用实施例1的催化剂的和采用对比实施例1所述的自然降解法的对比结果如图3所示，横坐标表示分解时间，单位是min，纵坐标表示过氧化氢气体的浓度，单位是ppm，其中过氧化氢浓度采用德尔格VHP气体检测仪7000测得。
本发明制得的催化剂可广泛应用在需要使用双氧水气体(过氧化氢)进行消毒灭菌的应用场合和设备上面。如医院、封闭空间、药厂车间需要对环境进行消毒灭菌，可利用该催化剂及其制备成品安装在排风系统进行消毒灭菌后空间残余过氧化氢气体进行催化分解。
也可和消毒灭菌设备如过氧化氢传递窗，过氧化氢灭菌柜等使用双氧水进行灭菌的设备进行结合，形成设备的一部分，在灭菌排残阶段进行工作，将过氧化氢气体进行催化分解。

Claims (10)

1.一种分解过氧化氢的催化剂，其特征在于，其原料包括活性组分和催化剂载体，所述活性组分包括Al2O3、SiO2、CeO2、ZrO2、MgO、La2O3、Ti O2、F2、Nd2O3和Fe2O3，所述催化剂载体包括CaO、PdO、HfO2、P2O5、K2O、HCl、Rh、ZnO和As2O3，所述活性组分和所述催化剂载体中各组分的用量如下表所示：
2.如权利要求1所述的催化剂，其特征在于，所述活性组分和所述催化剂载体中各组分的用量如下表所示：
3.一种催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于，其包括如下步骤：将如权利要求1或2所述的催化剂的原料称重后，混合均匀，置于模具中，再在900-1100℃下高温烧结成多孔陶瓷固化物，即可。
4.如权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的混合均匀在湿法搅拌混料机中进行。
5.如权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的模具为不锈钢模具。
6.如权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的高温烧结在电热烤箱中进行；所述的高温烧结的温度为1000℃。
7.一种催化剂的使用方法，其特征在于，将过氧化氢气体输入隔离器中，进行灭菌处理，灭菌后的过氧化氢气体通过如权利要求1或2所述的催化剂，进行剩余过氧化氢气体的分解，至所述的隔离器中过氧化氢气体的浓度降至1ppm以下，即可。
8.如权利要求7所述的使用方法，其特征在于，输入所述隔离器中的过氧化氢气体来自于过氧化氢气体发生器。
9.如权利要求7所述的使用方法，其特征在于，所述的隔离器为过氧化氢灭菌器。
10.如权利要求7所述的使用方法，其特征在于，还将所述催化剂组装入不锈钢外壳中，得到催化器，并将所述催化器安装在所述隔离器内，或者安装在所述隔离器的排风管道上，进行剩余过氧化氢气体的分解。
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Application publication date: 20170915