CN107158837B - 一种气体净化膜 - Google Patents

一种气体净化膜 Download PDF

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CN107158837B
CN107158837B CN201710392452.2A CN201710392452A CN107158837B CN 107158837 B CN107158837 B CN 107158837B CN 201710392452 A CN201710392452 A CN 201710392452A CN 107158837 B CN107158837 B CN 107158837B
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CN107158837A (zh
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侯长华
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SUZHOU SEIN ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种气体净化膜，包括主体结构和过滤层，用于对气体进行净化，其具体包括：主体结构为多层金属网，所述多层金属网中每层金属网两侧包括竹炭纤维混合压制的多孔无纺布层，相邻的两层无纺布层之间设置气体吸附层或颗粒过滤层，在多层金属网之间至少包括一层气体吸附层和至少一层颗粒过滤层；所述颗粒过滤层为聚酯纤维层，所述气体吸附层为多孔活性炭层；所述金属网的一侧具有驻极体层，所述驻极体层为始终带有电荷的材料，在所述金属网的另一侧表面形成银纳米颗粒，所述银纳米颗粒用于除菌。其中，所述多层金属网和所述多孔无纺布层的网孔大小逐渐变化，气体净化时气体从网孔大的一侧进入穿过所述气体净化膜。

Description

一种气体净化膜
技术领域
本发明属于气体处理领域，尤其涉及一种气体净化膜。
背景技术
空气净化目前主要有下面几种方法。
(1)化学分解，主要工作原理是离子器臭氧发生器，其价格低廉，功能多于清新剂，能增加空气中负离子数量和降低空气中固态尘埃，有杀菌作用但对分解甲醛等有害气体作用不大。臭氧发生器产生大量高浓度臭氧，在杀灭一些病毒细菌的同时也可能杀灭人体白细胞，有导致癌变的可能。
(2)吸附、挥发是以中草药为介质的净化器，价格低廉，有一定的抑菌功能，但中草药在固态下基本起不到净化作用，净化器使用中草药成分只是微量的，达到饱和后不但不能杀菌而且容易成为细菌的繁衍体，换下的滤芯涉及无害处理的困难。
(3)吸附，活性炭过滤器，在短时间内能吸附一定的细菌和尘土及有害气体，价格低廉，能过滤一定的细菌和尘土有吸附功能，但无选择吸附，对水的吸附率为45％，一般一个月后就能达到饱和状态需更换。无法再生利用。达到饱和后不但不能杀菌而且容易成为细菌的繁衍体。换下的滤芯也涉及无害处理的困难。
(4)多层过滤，主要为复合式净化器，过滤效果较好，能明显降低空气中固态尘埃，但价格较高，且其过滤装置使用一段时间后就要求更换，无法再生，对有害气体基本无作用。耗材多，使用成本高。换下的滤芯涉及无害处理的困难。
(5)催化、分解主要是光触媒净化器，能分解部分有害气体，价格相对较低，但目前光触媒尚处于试验阶段技术尚未成熟，光触媒必须依靠太阳光中紫外线的照射才能产生作用，使用紫外线灯容易损坏，更换频繁，同时紫外线对人体、塑料有伤害。
(6)过滤吸附。主要用疏水晶态二氧化硅分子筛为过滤介质。效果明显。能彻底清除苯，二甲苯、三氯甲烷等多种有害气体，对水及空气不吸附，能有效吸附多种有害气体，吸附量大，一次再生可使用一年半。过滤材料可使用简单方法脱附再生使用，不会产生新的污染源，材料寿命长达十年因而维持费用极低，对降低空气中的固态尘埃作用不大，较其它产品一次性产品成本高。
无机膜分离，净化技术是近年来发展迅速的新技术，利用无机微滤膜，可过滤液体，气体中的细菌，悬浮微粒等污染物。微滤过程中截留的细菌等污染物会附着在膜表面甚至膜孔内，浓度远大于水体，气体中的浓度，更容易滋生繁殖，这些膜表面和孔道内的细菌的繁殖，将堵塞膜孔通道，使膜过滤的阻力增加，过滤通量迅速下降，是膜污染和堵塞的重要原因之一。超细氧化锌粉具有良好的抗菌，抑菌作用，如果在无菌膜表面附着一层氧化锌膜，将能有效减少截留细菌在膜表面的附着和繁殖，有利于提高无机膜的使用寿命，减少膜的污染和堵塞。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种气体净化膜，包括主体结构和过滤层，用于对气体进行净化，其具体包括：主体结构为多层金属网，所述多层金属网中每层金属网两侧包括竹炭纤维混合压制的多孔无纺布层，相邻的两层无纺布层之间设置气体吸附层或颗粒过滤层，在多层金属网之间至少包括一层气体吸附层和至少一层颗粒过滤层；
所述颗粒过滤层为聚酯纤维层，所述气体吸附层为多孔活性炭层；
所述金属网的一侧具有驻极体层，所述驻极体层为始终带有电荷的材料，在所述金属网的另一侧表面形成银纳米颗粒，所述银纳米颗粒用于除菌。
进一步地，所述多层金属网和所述多孔无纺布层的网孔大小逐渐变化，气体净化时气体从网孔大的一侧进入穿过所述气体净化膜。
进一步地，所述多层金属网至少为5层，相邻金属网层之间的气体吸附层或颗粒过滤层的厚度逐渐减小。
进一步地，所述气体进入侧的两层金属网之间设置颗粒过滤层，所述颗粒过滤层由多层孔径不同的材料叠加而成。
进一步地，所述颗粒过滤层中孔径不同的材料至少包括三层，最外侧材料的孔径大于25微米，最内侧材料的孔径小于2.5微米。
进一步地，所述活性炭层中还包括硅藻土颗粒。
进一步地，所述金属网层的孔径大于0.3毫米。
进一步地，所述多孔无纺布层的孔径小于0.1毫米，在气体净化膜最外侧的金属网上包括至少两层无纺布层。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明提供一种气体净化膜，包括主体结构和过滤层，用于对气体进行净化，其具体包括：主体结构为多层金属网，所述多层金属网中每层金属网两侧包括竹炭纤维混合压制的多孔无纺布层，相邻的两层无纺布层之间设置气体吸附层或颗粒过滤层，在多层金属网之间至少包括一层气体吸附层和至少一层颗粒过滤层，通过设置的多层结构的配合，实现对气体净化的良好效果。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明一个实施例的气体净化膜的示意性结构图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，下面将参照相关附图对本发明进行更全面的描述。附图中给出了本发明的较佳的实施例。但是，本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现，并不限于本文所描述的实施例。相反地，提供这些实施例的目的是使对本发明的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。
下面将结合附图及具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
图1示出了根据本发明一个实施例的气体净化膜的示意性结构图。如图1所示，本发明提供了一种气体净化膜，包括主体结构和过滤层，用于对气体进行净化，其具体包括：主体结构为多层金属网1，所述多层金属网1中每层金属网1两侧包括竹炭纤维混合压制的多孔无纺布层2，相邻的两层无纺布层2之间设置气体吸附层3或颗粒过滤层3，在多层金属网1之间至少包括一层气体吸附层3和至少一层颗粒过滤层3；
所述颗粒过滤层3为聚酯纤维层，所述气体吸附层3为多孔活性炭层；
所述金属网1的一侧具有驻极体层，所述驻极体层为始终带有电荷的材料，在所述金属网1的另一侧表面形成银纳米颗粒，所述银纳米颗粒用于除菌。
其中，所述多层金属网1和所述多孔无纺布层2的网孔大小逐渐变化，气体净化时气体从网孔大的一侧进入穿过所述气体净化膜。
其中，所述多层金属网1至少为5层，相邻金属网1层之间的气体吸附层3或颗粒过滤层3的厚度逐渐减小。
其中，所述气体进入侧的两层金属网1之间设置颗粒过滤层3，所述颗粒过滤层3由多层孔径不同的材料叠加而成。
其中，所述颗粒过滤层3中孔径不同的材料至少包括三层，最外侧材料的孔径大于25微米，最内侧材料的孔径小于2.5微米。
其中，所述活性炭层中还包括硅藻土颗粒。
其中，所述金属网1层的孔径大于0.3毫米。
其中，所述多孔无纺布层2的孔径小于0.1毫米，在气体净化膜最外侧的金属网1上包括至少两层无纺布层2。
本发明提供一种气体净化膜，包括主体结构和过滤层，用于对气体进行净化，其具体包括：主体结构为多层金属网，所述多层金属网中每层金属网两侧包括竹炭纤维混合压制的多孔无纺布层，相邻的两层无纺布层之间设置气体吸附层或颗粒过滤层，在多层金属网之间至少包括一层气体吸附层和至少一层颗粒过滤层，通过设置的多层结构的配合，实现对气体净化的良好效果附图中描述关系的用于仅用于示例性说明，不能理解为对本专利的限制，显然，本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例，而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种气体净化膜，包括主体结构和过滤层，用于对气体进行净化，其特征在于：
所述主体结构为多层金属网，所述多层金属网中每层金属网两侧包括竹炭纤维混合压制的多孔无纺布层，相邻的两层无纺布层之间设置气体吸附层或颗粒过滤层，在多层金属网之间至少包括一层气体吸附层和至少一层颗粒过滤层；
所述颗粒过滤层为聚酯纤维层，所述气体吸附层为多孔活性炭层；
所述多层金属网的每一层金属网的一侧具有驻极体层，所述驻极体层为始终带有电荷的材料，在所述每一层金属网的另一侧表面形成银纳米颗粒，所述银纳米颗粒用于除菌。
2.如权利要求1所述的气体净化膜，其特征在于：所述多层金属网至少为5层，相邻金属网层之间的气体吸附层或颗粒过滤层的厚度逐渐减小。
3.如权利要求2所述的气体净化膜，其特征在于：所述气体进入侧的两层金属网之间设置颗粒过滤层，所述颗粒过滤层由多层孔径不同的材料叠加而成。
4.如权利要求3所述的气体净化膜，其特征在于：所述颗粒过滤层中孔径不同的材料至少包括三层，最外侧材料的孔径大于25微米，最内侧材料的孔径小于2.5微米。
5.如权利要求1所述的气体净化膜，其特征在于：所述活性炭层中还包括硅藻土颗粒。
6.如权利要求1所述的气体净化膜，其特征在于：所述金属网层的孔径大于0.3毫米。
7.如权利要求6所述的气体净化膜，其特征在于：所述多孔无纺布层的孔径小于0.1毫米，在气体净化膜最外侧的金属网上包括至少两层无纺布层。
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