CN107158564B - Low-frequency modulated intermediate-frequency electric stimulation external diaphragm pacemaker - Google Patents
Low-frequency modulated intermediate-frequency electric stimulation external diaphragm pacemaker Download PDFInfo
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- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 210000003105 phrenic nerve Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007383 nerve stimulation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000003417 Central Sleep Apnea Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 208000010476 Respiratory Paralysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/36014—External stimulators, e.g. with patch electrodes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/3601—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation of respiratory organs
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-frequency modulated intermediate-frequency electric stimulation external diaphragm pacemaker which comprises a low-frequency modulation circuit, a bias amount adjusting circuit, a voltage amplitude adjusting circuit, a power amplifying circuit and an isolation transformer, wherein the low-frequency modulation circuit is used for superposing an analog signal formed by modulating a low-frequency signal and a bias signal generated by the bias amount adjusting circuit, and the superposed signal is used for sequentially adjusting the voltage amplitude through the voltage amplitude adjusting circuit, amplifying the power of the power amplifying circuit and then outputting a treatment signal through the isolation transformer. The invention changes the output result along with the change of the frequency and the amplitude of the low-frequency signal by the low-frequency modulation, the bias superposition, the voltage amplitude adjustment, the power amplification and the isolation transformer, has the characteristics and the treatment effect of low-frequency and medium-frequency current, has deeper medium-frequency electric effect of the low-frequency modulation, and is more suitable for stimulating the phrenic nerve, in particular to a patient with deeper diaphragmatic nerve from the body surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of medical appliances, and particularly relates to an external diaphragm pacemaker for low-frequency modulated medium-frequency electrical stimulation in the field of physical therapy in the field of rehabilitation medicine.
Background
The respiratory related muscles of the human body mainly include diaphragm, intercostal external muscle, pectoral large muscle, abdominal muscle, sternocleidomastoid muscle, etc., wherein diaphragm and intercostal external muscle are the most dominant inspiratory muscles. During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts, the diaphragm pushes down, and the chest cavity increases; during exhalation, the diaphragm is relaxed, the diaphragm is lifted, and the chest cavity is contracted. Diaphragm is the predominant respiratory muscle and the effect of diaphragm contraction during calm breathing is 70% to 80% of ventilation, but diaphragm oxygen consumption is very small, typically less than 20% of the total respiratory muscle group oxygen consumption. From a physiological point of view, improving diaphragm function is an economical and well-priced way of improving respiratory motion.
In 1967, green (Glenn) invented a diaphragm pacemaker implanted in the body, and was mainly used for chronic ventilation insufficiency, such as respiratory paralysis caused by central lesions of central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome, brainstem, spinal cord, etc. The implanted diaphragm pacemaker has electrodes buried inside the left and right diaphragmatic nerves and electrically pulse to stimulate diaphragmatic nerve via electromagnetic coupling to improve respiratory function. The professor of the university of mountain science in 1987 invented an external diaphragm pacemaker and applied for a patent. Chinese patent application nos. CN87208778, CN89200051, CN89220851, CN90109631, CN200720059728, CN200920053574, CN201020121786, CN201220045744, CN200420105510 disclose several implementations of external diaphragm pacemakers, although the implementations are different, the output electrical stimulation signals are low-frequency electrical stimulation signals, such as: in the first 8 patents, the apparatus uses low frequency electrical stimulation signals at the time of treatment, with 40 hz being the optimal frequency, CN200420105510 providing output frequencies of 40 hz and 2.5 hz +40 hz. The implantable diaphragmatic pacemaker of the us green (Glenn) invention also outputs therapeutic signals at low frequencies.
In the field of rehabilitation medicine, pulse current with the frequency below 1000 hertz is called low-frequency current or low-frequency pulse current in physical therapeutics. The method of applying low frequency pulsed current to the human body to treat diseases is called low frequency electrical therapy. The method of treating diseases using pulsed current with a frequency of 1K to 100K Hz is called intermediate frequency electric therapy.
The existing intermediate frequency electrotherapy theory holds that: the frequency of the medium-frequency current is higher than that of the low-frequency current, and the medium-frequency current is alternating current, and the electric characteristics and the physical and chemical effects of the human body are obviously different from those of the low-frequency current when the medium-frequency current acts on the human body.
1. Can overcome tissue resistance, compared with low-frequency electricity, can act on deeper tissue human body tissue to different resistances of different frequency currents, has higher resistance to low-frequency electricity, and gradually reduces the resistance of the human body along with the increase of the current frequency. In addition to resistive properties, human tissue also has capacitive properties. Higher frequency currents are easier to pass through the capacitor than lower frequency currents. Due to human body versus frequencyThe resistance and capacitance of the higher alternating current are lower, so the total impedance is also much smaller, and more current passes. The current intensity applied by the intermediate frequency electric therapy is larger and can reach 0.1-0.5 mA/cm 2 The depth of human tissues can be increased.
2. Bidirectional electroless action: the medium-frequency current is alternating current with higher frequency, is current with faster positive and negative alternation, and has no positive and negative poles. When the medium-frequency current acts on the human body, ions in human tissues in the positive half cycle and the negative half cycle of each cycle of the current move back and forth in different directions, so that the ions cannot move under the electrode to cause electrolytic reaction, no acid-base products are generated under the electrode, and the skin under the electrode cannot be damaged by chemical stimulation of the acid-base products like in direct current electrotherapy.
3. Exciting neuromuscular tissue: although the middle frequency electricity has no obvious stimulation effect on motor and sensory nerves as compared with the low frequency electricity, the regulation effect on the functions of autonomic nerves and viscera is better than the low frequency electricity, and the stimulation effect can be applied to deep tissues, so that the skin has no obvious stinging while causing strong muscle contraction. When the intermediate frequency electricity acts on the skin, the skin nerves and the receptors are not stimulated strongly, only slight trembling sense is generated when the intermediate frequency electricity with threshold intensity is stimulated, only acupuncture sense is generated when the current intensity is increased, no obvious discomfort and pain are generated, the acupuncture sense is weakened gradually when the current is continuously electrified, and uncomfortable constraint sense only occurs when the current intensity is large. The strong mid-frequency current stimulation causes the feeling of muscle contraction to be more comfortable than the feeling of low-frequency electrical stimulation, and the patient has no obvious pain feeling when the muscle contraction occurs, so the patient can endure larger current intensity when in mid-frequency electrotherapy.
4. Pain relief and blood circulation promotion: after various medium-frequency electric actions for 10-15 minutes, the number of locally opened capillaries is increased, the blood flow speed and the blood flow are both increased, and the local blood circulation is improved. The intermediate frequency electricity has the inhibition effect on the sensory nerve and can raise the pain threshold of the skin, so that the intermediate frequency electricity has obvious analgesic effect.
5. Characteristics of low frequency modulated intermediate frequency current: the low-frequency modulated intermediate frequency current has the characteristics of low and intermediate frequency current. The most suitable current for stimulating the diseased muscle is not a simple low-frequency pulse current but a medium-frequency current modulated by low frequency, and the adopted current not only contains medium-frequency electric components, but also has the characteristic of low-frequency electricity. The current has no low-frequency electricity disadvantage (such as shallow action surface, large skin irritation, electrolysis action and the like), but has the advantages and effects of low-frequency electricity and medium-frequency electricity.
For historical reasons, the external diaphragm pacemakers produced at home and abroad are all low-frequency electric pulse treatment devices at present.
However, such low frequency electrical pulses have their inherent disadvantages:
such as shallow stimulation, large skin irritation, electrolysis, and easy fatigue. The diaphragmatic nerve is separated from the body surface by a certain distance, and common electric stimulation is not easy to stimulate the diaphragmatic nerve. In the past, the external diaphragm pacemaker designed according to the low-frequency electric pulse principle has the defect that the curative effect is not ideal because the stimulation action surface is shallow and the diaphragmatic nerve can not be stimulated well.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an external diaphragm pacemaker for low-frequency modulation and intermediate-frequency electric stimulation, the amplitude of which changes along with the change of the frequency and the amplitude of a low-frequency signal, the external diaphragm pacemaker has the characteristics of low-frequency and intermediate-frequency current and the treatment effect, and the low-frequency modulation and intermediate-frequency electric stimulation has a deeper effect and is more suitable for stimulating phrenic nerves, in particular for patients with deeper diaphragmatic nerves from the body surface.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an external diaphragm pacemaker of intermediate frequency electrical stimulation of low frequency modulation, its includes low frequency modulation circuit, offset adjustment circuit, voltage amplitude adjustment circuit, power amplification circuit and isolation transformer, the low frequency modulation circuit carries out the superposition to the analog signal that the modulation formed of low frequency signal and offset signal that offset adjustment circuit produced, and the signal after the superposition is adjusted voltage amplitude through voltage amplitude adjustment circuit in proper order, power amplification circuit carries out the power amplification again and passes through isolation transformer output treatment signal.
Further, the low-frequency modulation circuit is a processor, and after the processor modulates the low-frequency signal, the D/A conversion module in the processor outputs the modulated analog signal.
Further, the processor is STM32F103VET6.
Further, the offset adjustment circuit comprises a zero offset circuit, a resistor R148, a resistor R150, a resistor R152, a resistor R153 and an amplifier U3, wherein the D/A conversion module outputs a modulated analog signal, the modulated analog signal is connected to the non-inverting input end of the amplifier U3 through the resistor R150, the output end of the zero offset circuit is also connected to the non-inverting input end of the amplifier U3 through the resistor R148, the resistor R153 is connected between the inverting input end of the amplifier U3 and the output end of the amplifier U3, one end of the resistor R152 is connected to the inverting input end of the amplifier U3, the other end of the resistor R152 is grounded, and the output end of the amplifier U3 is connected to the input end of the voltage amplitude adjustment circuit.
Further, the zero bias circuit comprises a negative voltage source, a sliding rheostat RV1, a resistor R146, a resistor R147, a capacitor C122, a capacitor C123 and an amplifier U5, wherein the negative voltage source is grounded after passing through the resistor R146, the sliding rheostat RV1 and the resistor R147 in sequence, the sliding end of the sliding rheostat is connected to the non-inverting input end of the amplifier U5, the inverting input end of the amplifier U5 is connected to the output end of the amplifier U5, one ends of the capacitor C122 and the capacitor C123 are respectively connected to the inverting input end of the amplifier U5 and the output end of the amplifier U5, the other ends of the capacitor C122 and the capacitor C123 are grounded, and the output end of the amplifier U5 is connected to the non-inverting input end of the amplifier U3 through a resistor R148.
Further, the offset adjustment circuit further comprises a first voltage follower circuit and a second voltage follower circuit, wherein the first voltage follower circuit comprises an amplifier U2 and a resistor R149, the second voltage follower circuit comprises an amplifier U4 and a resistor R151, the D/A conversion module outputs a modulated analog signal and is connected to a non-inverting input end of the amplifier U2 through the resistor R149, an output end of the amplifier U2 is connected to a non-inverting input end of the amplifier U3 through the resistor R150, an inverting input end of the amplifier U2 is connected with an output end of the amplifier U2, an output end of the amplifier U3 is connected to a non-inverting input end of the amplifier U4 through the resistor R151, an inverting input end of the amplifier U4 is connected to an output end of the amplifier U4, and an output end of the amplifier U4 is connected to an input end of the voltage amplitude adjustment circuit.
Further, the voltage amplitude adjusting circuit includes a digital potentiometer U6, a resistor R162, a resistor R163, a sliding resistor RV2, an electrolytic capacitor C124 and a capacitor C126, where a high voltage input end of the digital potentiometer U6 is connected to an output end of the amplifier U4 through the resistor R163, an increasing input end and a lifting input end of the digital potentiometer U6 are respectively connected to a first output end and a second output end of the processor, a ground end, a chip selection input end and a low voltage input end of the digital potentiometer U6 are grounded, a power supply end of the digital potentiometer U6 is connected to a positive power supply, a sliding end of the digital potentiometer U6 is grounded after passing through the resistor R162 and the sliding resistor RV2 in sequence, a negative electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C124 is connected to a sliding end of the sliding resistor RV2, a positive electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C124 is connected to an input end of the power amplifying circuit, one end of the capacitor C126 is grounded, and the other end is connected to a positive electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C124.
Further, the digital potentiometer U6 is X9C103S.
Further, the power amplifying circuit comprises an amplifier U7, a resistor R164, a resistor R166, a resistor R167, an electrolytic capacitor C125, an electrolytic capacitor C130, a capacitor C127 and a capacitor C129, wherein the positive input end of the amplifier U7 is connected with one end of the capacitor C126 and the positive electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C124, the positive electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C125 and the positive electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C130 are respectively connected to the output end of the amplifier U7 and the inverting input end of the amplifier U7, and the negative electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C125 and the negative electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C130 are respectively connected to the two ends of a primary winding of an isolation transformer; one end of the capacitor C127 and the resistor R166 are connected in series and then connected to the output end of the amplifier U7, and the other end of the capacitor C127 and the resistor R166 are grounded; the two ends of the capacitor C129 and the resistor R164 which are connected in series are respectively connected to the output end of the amplifier U7 and the inverting input end of the amplifier U7; one end of the resistor R167 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R is connected to the negative electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C130; a therapeutic signal is output between two ends of the secondary winding of the isolation transformer, and a capacitor C128 and a resistor R165 are also connected between two ends of the secondary winding of the isolation transformer in a bridging way.
Further, the external diaphragm pacemaker for the low-frequency modulated intermediate-frequency electric stimulation further comprises an alarm circuit, the alarm circuit comprises a resistor R103, a divider resistor R104, an NPN triode Q24, a buzzer LS1, a zener diode D18 and a positive power supply, two ends of the buzzer LS1 are respectively connected to the positive power supply and a collector electrode of the NPN triode Q24, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the zener diode D18 are respectively connected to the NPN triode Q24 and the positive power supply, a base electrode of the NPN triode Q24 is connected to a third output end of the processor through a resistor R103, an emitter electrode of the NPN triode Q24 is grounded, one end of the resistor R104 is connected to the base electrode of the NPN triode Q24, and the other end of the resistor R104 is grounded.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention changes the output result along with the change of the frequency and the amplitude of the low-frequency signal by the low-frequency modulation, the bias superposition, the voltage amplitude adjustment, the power amplification and the isolation transformer, has the characteristics and the treatment effect of low-frequency and medium-frequency current, has deeper medium-frequency electric effect of the low-frequency modulation, and is more suitable for stimulating the phrenic nerve, in particular to a patient with deeper diaphragmatic nerve from the body surface.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a low frequency modulation circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a watchdog timer circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of the alarm circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a bias adjustment circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a zero bias circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a voltage amplitude adjusting circuit, a power amplifying circuit and an isolation transformer according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a waveform diagram of a sine wave;
FIG. 8 is a waveform diagram of a positive and negative square wave;
FIG. 9 is a waveform diagram of positive and negative trapezoidal waves;
FIG. 10 is a waveform diagram of positive and negative sine waves;
FIG. 11 is a waveform diagram of a positive and negative triangle wave;
FIG. 12 is a second waveform diagram of positive and negative triangular waves;
FIG. 13 is a waveform diagram III of positive and negative triangular waves;
fig. 14 is a waveform diagram four of positive and negative triangular waves;
FIG. 15 is a fifth waveform diagram of a positive and negative triangular wave;
fig. 16 is a waveform diagram of positive and negative exponential waves;
fig. 17 is a waveform diagram of a therapeutic signal output by the external diaphragm pacemaker when the low frequency modulated signal is a positive and negative square wave and the intermediate frequency is a half sine wave;
FIG. 18 is a waveform diagram of a positive and negative pulse square wave;
FIG. 19 is a waveform diagram of a half sine wave;
FIG. 20 is a waveform diagram of a square wave;
FIG. 21 is a waveform diagram of a trapezoidal wave;
FIG. 22 is a waveform diagram of a sine wave;
FIG. 23 is a waveform diagram of a triangular wave;
FIG. 24 is a second waveform diagram of a triangular wave;
fig. 25 is a waveform diagram three of a triangular wave;
fig. 26 is a waveform diagram four of a triangular wave;
fig. 27 is a waveform diagram five of a triangular wave;
fig. 28 is a waveform diagram of an exponential wave;
fig. 29 is a waveform diagram of the therapeutic signal output by the external diaphragm pacemaker when the low frequency modulated signal is square wave and the intermediate frequency is half sine wave;
FIG. 30 is a waveform diagram of a pulse square wave;
FIG. 31 is a waveform diagram of a therapeutic signal output by an external diaphragm pacemaker with a sinusoidal intermediate frequency and a low frequency modulated signal sequentially of a positive and negative square wave, a positive and negative trapezoidal wave, a positive and negative triangular wave I, and a positive and negative exponential wave;
FIG. 32 is a waveform diagram of a therapeutic signal output by an external diaphragm pacemaker with an intermediate frequency pulse square wave and a low frequency modulated signal sequentially trapezoidal, square, triangular, sinusoidal, exponential;
fig. 33 is a waveform diagram of a therapeutic signal output by the external diaphragm pacemaker when the intermediate frequency is a pulse square wave and the low frequency modulation signal is a trapezoidal wave, then the intermediate frequency is a sine wave and the low frequency modulation signal is a positive and negative square wave, the intermediate frequency is a positive and negative pulse square wave and the low frequency modulation signal is a positive and negative triangle wave, and the intermediate frequency is a half sine wave and the low frequency modulation signal is a square wave.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, wherein it is to be understood that, on the premise of no conflict, the following embodiments or technical features may be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.
The utility model provides an external diaphragm pacemaker of intermediate frequency electrical stimulation of low frequency modulation, it includes low frequency modulation circuit, offset adjustment circuit, voltage amplitude adjustment circuit, power amplification circuit and isolation transformer, and low frequency modulation circuit carries out the superposition to the analog signal that the modulation formed of low frequency signal and offset signal that offset adjustment circuit produced, and the signal after the superposition is adjusted voltage amplitude through voltage amplitude adjustment circuit in proper order, power amplification circuit carries out the power and again exports through isolation transformer.
Referring to fig. 1, the low-frequency modulation circuit is a processor U1, the processor U1 modulates the low-frequency signal, and then a D/a conversion module in the processor outputs a modulated analog signal, and the processor U1 uses an STM32F103VET6 singlechip, and the 29 th pin (PA 4) outputs the analog signal. The peripheral circuits of the STM32F103VET6 singlechip are all conventional circuits, for example, fig. 2 is a watchdog timer circuit thereof, which includes a resistor R97, a capacitor C82, a resistor R96, a resistor R98, a resistor R99, a capacitor C83, a capacitor C84, a capacitor C85, and a watchdog chip U8. The two ends of the resistor R97 and the capacitor C82 after being connected in series are respectively connected to a 3.3V voltage source and the ground, one end of the capacitor C83 is grounded, the other end of the capacitor C83 is connected to the 3.3V voltage source, the two ends of the resistor R98 and the capacitor C84 after being connected in series are respectively connected to the 3.3V voltage source and the ground, the two ends of the resistor R99 and the capacitor C85 after being connected in series are respectively connected to the 3.3V voltage source and the ground, the watchdog chip U8 is connected between the resistor R97 and the capacitor C82 through SP706SEN-L (SIPEX), a manual reset end (1 st pin) is connected between the resistor R97 and the capacitor C82, a power supply end (2 nd pin) is connected to the 3.3V voltage source, a ground end (3 rd pin) is grounded, a power supply monitoring input end (4 th pin) is grounded or connected to a power supply end (2 nd pin), a power supply monitoring output end (5 th pin) keeps high level, a watchdog input end (6 th pin) is connected to a 71 (PA 12 end) of a STM32F103VET6 singlechip, meanwhile, a reset end (7 st) is also connected between the resistor R98 and the capacitor C84, and the reset end (7 st) is connected to the resistor C8 through a reset end (6 pin) and the reset end (6 pin) is connected to the resistor C85). Other peripheral circuits are not described here.
Referring to fig. 4, the offset adjustment circuit includes a first voltage follower circuit, a second voltage follower circuit, a zero bias circuit, a resistor R148, a resistor R150, a resistor R152, a resistor R153, and an amplifier U3, where the first voltage follower circuit includes an amplifier U2 and a resistor R149, the second voltage follower circuit includes an amplifier U4 and a resistor R151, the D/a conversion module outputs a modulated analog signal and is connected to a non-inverting input terminal of the amplifier U2 through the resistor R149, an output terminal of the amplifier U2 is connected to a non-inverting input terminal of the amplifier U3 through the resistor R150, an inverting input terminal of the amplifier U2 is connected to an output terminal of the amplifier U2 through the resistor R148, the resistor R153 is connected between the inverting input terminal of the amplifier U3 and the output terminal of the amplifier U3, one end of the resistor R152 is connected to an inverting input terminal of the amplifier U3, and the other end of the amplifier U3 is grounded, an output terminal of the amplifier U3 is connected to an inverting input terminal of the amplifier U4 through the resistor R151, and an output terminal of the amplifier U4 is connected to an output terminal of the amplifier U4.
Referring to FIG. 5, the zero bias circuit includes a negative voltage source, a sliding resistor RV1, a resistor R146, a resistor R147, a capacitor C122, a capacitor C123 and an amplifier U5, whereinThe negative voltage source is grounded after passing through a resistor R146, a slide rheostat RV1 and a resistor R147 in sequence, the sliding end of the slide rheostat is connected to the normal phase input end of the amplifier U5, the reverse phase input end of the amplifier U5 is connected with the output end of the amplifier U5, one ends of a capacitor C122 and a capacitor C123 are respectively connected to the reverse phase input end of the amplifier U5 and the output end of the amplifier U5, the other ends of the capacitor C122 and the capacitor C123 are grounded, and the output end of the amplifier U5 is connected to the normal phase input end of the amplifier U3 through a resistor R148. The zero bias circuit generates a bias voltage of-1.5V, forming a voltage of 0.5 x (V at the output of the amplifier U3 dac -1.5) voltage signal (r153/r152+1), wherein: v (V) dac The D/A conversion module outputs the modulated analog signal value, R153/R152 is the ratio of the resistance values of the resistor R153 and the resistor R152, and the bias amount can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance value of the sliding rheostat RV 1.
Referring to fig. 6, the voltage amplitude adjusting circuit includes a digital potentiometer U6, a resistor R162, a resistor R163, a sliding resistor RV2, an electrolytic capacitor C124 and a capacitor C126, and the digital potentiometer U6 adopts X9C103S. The high voltage input end (3 rd pin) of the digital potentiometer U6 is connected to the output end of the amplifier U4 through a resistor R163, the increasing input end (2 nd pin) and the lifting input end (1 st pin) of the digital potentiometer U6 are respectively connected to the first output end (44 th pin) and the second output end (45 th pin) of the STM32F103VET6 singlechip, the grounding end (4 th pin), the chip selection input end (7 th pin) and the low voltage input end (6 th pin) of the digital potentiometer U6 are grounded, the power supply end (8 th pin) of the digital potentiometer U6 is connected with a positive power supply, the sliding end (5 th pin) of the digital potentiometer U6 is grounded after passing through a resistor R162 and a sliding rheostat RV2 in sequence, the negative electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C124 is connected to the sliding end of the sliding rheostat RV2, the positive electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C124 is connected to the input end of the power amplifying circuit, one end of the capacitor C126 is grounded, and the other end is connected to the positive electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C124. The voltage amplitude of the output signal of the offset adjustment circuit can be adjusted by the digital potentiometer U6 and the slide rheostat RV 2.
Referring to fig. 6, the power amplifying circuit includes an amplifier U7, a resistor R164, a resistor R166, a resistor R167, an electrolytic capacitor C125, an electrolytic capacitor C130, a capacitor C127, and a capacitor C129, wherein a positive input end of the amplifier U7 is connected with one end of the capacitor C126 and a positive electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C124, a positive electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C125 and a positive electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C130 are respectively connected to an output end of the amplifier U7 and an inverting input end of the amplifier U7, and a negative electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C125 and a negative electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C130 are respectively connected to two ends of a primary winding of the isolation transformer; one end of the capacitor C127 and the resistor R166 are connected in series and then connected to the output end of the amplifier U7, and the other end of the capacitor C127 and the resistor R166 are grounded; two ends of the capacitor C129 and the resistor R164 which are connected in series are respectively connected to the output end of the amplifier U7 and the inverting input end of the amplifier U7; one end of the resistor R167 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R is connected to the negative electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C130; an intermediate frequency signal is output between two ends of the secondary winding of the isolation transformer, and a capacitor C128 and a resistor R165 are connected between two ends of the secondary winding of the isolation transformer in a bridging mode.
Referring to fig. 3, the external diaphragm pacemaker for low-frequency modulated intermediate-frequency electrical stimulation further includes an alarm circuit, the alarm circuit includes a resistor R103, a voltage dividing resistor R104, an NPN triode Q24, a buzzer LS1, a zener diode D18, and a positive power supply, both ends of the buzzer LS1 are respectively connected to the positive power supply and a collector of the NPN triode Q24, an anode and a cathode of the zener diode D18 are respectively connected to the NPN triode Q24 and the positive power supply, a base of the NPN triode Q24 is connected to a third output end of the processor through the resistor R103, an emitter of the NPN triode Q24 is grounded, one end of the resistor R104 is connected to a base of the NPN triode Q24, and the other end is grounded.
The low-frequency modulated intermediate frequency power has amplitude varying with the frequency and amplitude of the low-frequency signal, and has the characteristics of low-frequency and intermediate-frequency current and therapeutic effect. The low-frequency modulation has deeper intermediate frequency electric effect, and is more suitable for stimulating the phrenic nerve, in particular for patients with deeper diaphragmatic nerve from the body surface.
The diaphragm contracts and expands during respiratory movement, and the diaphragm nerve is stimulated electrically to contract, so that the medium-frequency electricity modulated by low frequency must be in intermittent modulation wave mode, in which amplitude modulation waves and power failure alternate, and amplitude modulation waves intermittently appear.
The intermediate frequency signal is used as a carrier wave, the frequency range is 1-100 KHz, the higher the frequency is, the deeper the action depth is, and the intermediate frequency is required to be selected through human body test in order to properly stimulate the phrenic nerve. The methods and techniques of human testing are not described in this patent.
The frequency range of the low-frequency modulation signal for the phrenic nerve stimulation is 10-300 Hz, and the waveform of the low frequency comprises, but is not limited to, square waves, trapezoidal waves, exponential waves, sine waves, triangular waves and the like.
The therapeutic signals of the external diaphragm pacemaker designed by us have the following characteristics:
1. based on the conventional intermediate frequency electrotherapy theory, when the pure resistor is used as a load for testing, the intermediate frequency is a sine wave, as shown in fig. 7, and the low frequency modulation signal can take various forms, including but not limited to positive and negative square waves (as shown in fig. 8), positive and negative trapezoidal waves (as shown in fig. 9), positive and negative sine waves (as shown in fig. 10), positive and negative triangular waves one (as shown in fig. 11), positive and negative triangular waves two (as shown in fig. 12), positive and negative triangular waves three (as shown in fig. 13), positive and negative triangular waves four (as shown in fig. 14), positive and negative triangular waves five (as shown in fig. 15), and positive and negative exponential waves (as shown in fig. 16).
When the low-frequency modulation signal is positive and negative square wave and the intermediate frequency is sine wave, the therapeutic signal output by the external diaphragm pacemaker is shown in fig. 17, wherein T is the period of the low-frequency modulation signal, and 1/T is the frequency f of the low-frequency signal.
2. Expanding the traditional intermediate frequency electrotherapy theory, when the pure resistor is used as a load for testing, the intermediate frequency is positive and negative pulse square wave, as shown in fig. 18, the low-frequency modulation signal can take various forms, including but not limited to positive and negative square wave (as shown in fig. 8), positive and negative trapezoidal wave (as shown in fig. 9), positive and negative sine wave (as shown in fig. 10), positive and negative triangular wave one (as shown in fig. 11), positive and negative triangular wave two (as shown in fig. 12), positive and negative triangular wave three (as shown in fig. 13), positive and negative triangular wave four (as shown in fig. 14), positive and negative triangular wave five (as shown in fig. 15) and positive and negative exponential wave (as shown in fig. 16).
3. Further expanding the intermediate frequency electrotherapy theory, when tested with pure resistors as loads, the intermediate frequency is a half sine wave, as shown in fig. 19, and the low frequency modulation signal may take various forms, including but not limited to square wave (as in fig. 20), trapezoidal wave (as in fig. 21), sine wave (as in fig. 22), triangle wave one (as in fig. 23), triangle wave two (as in fig. 24), triangle wave three (as in fig. 25), triangle wave four (as in fig. 26), triangle wave five (as in fig. 27), and exponential wave (as in fig. 28).
When the low-frequency modulation signal is square wave and the intermediate frequency is half sine wave, the therapeutic signal output by the external diaphragm pacemaker is shown in fig. 29.
4. Further expanding the intermediate frequency electrotherapy theory, when the test is performed by using the pure resistor as the load, the intermediate frequency is a pulse square wave, as shown in fig. 30, and the low frequency modulation signal may take various forms, including but not limited to square wave (fig. 20), trapezoidal wave (fig. 21), sine wave (fig. 22), triangle wave one (fig. 23), triangle wave two (fig. 24), triangle wave three (fig. 25), triangle wave four (fig. 26), triangle wave five (fig. 27), and exponential wave (fig. 28).
5. The signals combined by the intermediate frequency signals and the low frequency signals can alternately appear so as to achieve the aim of improving the curative effect
For example: example 1: the intermediate frequency is sine wave, the low-frequency modulation signal is positive and negative square wave, positive and negative trapezoidal wave, positive and negative triangular wave I, positive and negative exponential wave in turn, and the therapeutic signal output by the external diaphragm pacemaker is shown in figure 31. Example 2: the intermediate frequency is pulse square wave, the low-frequency modulation signal is trapezoidal wave, square wave, triangular wave two, sine wave and exponential wave in sequence, and the therapeutic signal output by the external diaphragm pacemaker is shown in fig. 32. Example 3: the therapeutic signal output by the external diaphragm pacemaker is shown in fig. 33 when the intermediate frequency is a pulse square wave and the low-frequency modulation signal is a trapezoidal wave, then the intermediate frequency is a sine wave and the low-frequency modulation signal is a positive and negative square wave, the intermediate frequency is a positive and negative pulse square wave and the low-frequency modulation signal is a positive and negative triangle wave I, and the intermediate frequency is a half sine wave and the low-frequency modulation signal is a square wave.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, but any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of the present invention as claimed.
Claims (6)
1. An in vitro diaphragm pacemaker for low frequency modulated intermediate frequency electrical stimulation, characterized by: the low-frequency modulation circuit is used for superposing an analog signal formed by modulating a low-frequency signal and a bias signal generated by the bias amount adjusting circuit, and the superposed signal sequentially adjusts the voltage amplitude through the voltage amplitude adjusting circuit, and the power amplifying circuit is used for amplifying the power and then outputting a treatment signal through the isolation transformer;
the voltage amplitude adjusting circuit comprises a digital potentiometer U6, a resistor R162, a resistor R163, a slide rheostat RV2, an electrolytic capacitor C124 and a capacitor C126, wherein the high-voltage input end of the digital potentiometer U6 is connected to the output end of the amplifier U4 through the resistor R163, the increasing input end and the lifting input end of the digital potentiometer U6 are respectively connected to the first output end and the second output end of the processor, the grounding end, the chip selection input end and the low-voltage input end of the digital potentiometer U6 are grounded, the power supply end of the digital potentiometer U6 is connected with a positive power supply, the sliding end of the digital potentiometer U6 is grounded after passing through the resistor R162 and the slide rheostat RV2 in sequence, the negative electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C124 is connected to the sliding end of the slide rheostat RV2, the positive electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C124 is connected to the input end of the power amplifying circuit, one end of the capacitor C126 is grounded, and the other end of the capacitor C124 is connected to the positive electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C124;
the offset adjustment circuit comprises a zero offset circuit, a resistor R148, a resistor R150, a resistor R152, a resistor R153 and an amplifier U3, wherein the D/A conversion module outputs a modulated analog signal, the modulated analog signal is connected to the non-inverting input end of the amplifier U3 through the resistor R150, the output end of the zero offset circuit is also connected to the non-inverting input end of the amplifier U3 through the resistor R148, the resistor R153 is connected between the inverting input end of the amplifier U3 and the output end of the amplifier U3, one end of the resistor R152 is connected to the inverting input end of the amplifier U3, the other end of the resistor R152 is grounded, and the output end of the amplifier U3 is connected to the input end of the voltage amplitude adjustment circuit;
the low-frequency modulation circuit is a processor, and after modulating the low-frequency signal, the processor outputs a modulated analog signal through a D/A conversion module in the processor; the frequency range of the low-frequency modulation signal for the phrenic nerve stimulation is 10-300 Hz;
the alarm circuit comprises a resistor R103, a divider resistor R104, an NPN triode Q24, a buzzer LS1, a voltage stabilizing diode D18 and a positive power supply, wherein two ends of the buzzer LS1 are respectively connected to the positive power supply and a collector electrode of the NPN triode Q24, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode D18 are respectively connected to the NPN triode Q24 and the positive power supply, a base electrode of the NPN triode Q24 is connected to a third output end of the processor through the resistor R103, an emitter electrode of the NPN triode Q24 is grounded, one end of the resistor R104 is connected to the base electrode of the NPN triode Q24, and the other end of the resistor R104 is grounded.
2. The low frequency modulated intermediate frequency electrostimulation external diaphragmatic pacemaker of claim 1, wherein: the processor is STM32F103VET6.
3. An external diaphragmatic pacemaker for low-frequency modulated intermediate frequency electrical stimulation according to claim 1, wherein: the zero bias circuit comprises a negative voltage source, a sliding rheostat RV1, a resistor R146, a resistor R147, a capacitor C122, a capacitor C123 and an amplifier U5, wherein the negative voltage source is grounded after passing through the resistor R146, the sliding rheostat RV1 and the resistor R147 in sequence, the sliding end of the sliding rheostat is connected with the positive phase input end of the amplifier U5, the negative phase input end of the amplifier U5 is connected with the output end of the amplifier U5, one ends of the capacitor C122 and the capacitor C123 are respectively connected with the negative phase input end of the amplifier U5 and the output end of the amplifier U5, the other ends of the capacitor C122 and the capacitor C123 are grounded, and the output end of the amplifier U5 is connected with the positive phase input end of the amplifier U3 through a resistor R148.
4. An external diaphragmatic pacemaker for low frequency modulated intermediate frequency electrical stimulation according to claim 1 or 3, wherein: the offset adjustment circuit further comprises a first voltage follower circuit and a second voltage follower circuit, wherein the first voltage follower circuit comprises an amplifier U2 and a resistor R149, the second voltage follower circuit comprises an amplifier U4 and a resistor R151, the D/A conversion module outputs a modulated analog signal and is connected to a positive input end of the amplifier U2 through the resistor R149, an output end of the amplifier U2 is connected to a positive input end of the amplifier U3 through the resistor R150, an inverting input end of the amplifier U2 is connected with an output end of the amplifier U2, an output end of the amplifier U3 is connected to a positive input end of the amplifier U4 through the resistor R151, an inverting input end of the amplifier U4 is connected with an output end of the amplifier U4, and an output end of the amplifier U4 is connected to an input end of the voltage amplitude adjustment circuit.
5. The low frequency modulated mid-frequency electro-stimulated external diaphragmatic pacemaker of claim 4 wherein: the digital potentiometer U6 is X9C103S.
6. The low frequency modulated mid-frequency electro-stimulated external diaphragmatic pacemaker of claim 4 wherein: the power amplification circuit comprises an amplifier U7, a resistor R164, a resistor R166, a resistor R167, an electrolytic capacitor C125, an electrolytic capacitor C130, a capacitor C127 and a capacitor C129, wherein the positive input end of the amplifier U7 is connected with one end of the capacitor C126 and the positive electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C124, the positive electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C125 and the positive electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C130 are respectively connected to the output end of the amplifier U7 and the inverting input end of the amplifier U7, and the negative electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C125 and the negative electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C130 are respectively connected to the two ends of a primary winding of an isolation transformer; one end of the capacitor C127 and the resistor R166 are connected in series and then connected to the output end of the amplifier U7, and the other end of the capacitor C127 and the resistor R166 are grounded; the two ends of the capacitor C129 and the resistor R164 which are connected in series are respectively connected to the output end of the amplifier U7 and the inverting input end of the amplifier U7; one end of the resistor R167 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R is connected to the negative electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C130; a therapeutic signal is output between two ends of the secondary winding of the isolation transformer, and a capacitor C128 and a resistor R165 are also connected between two ends of the secondary winding of the isolation transformer in a bridging way.
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| CN108042911A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-05-18 | 中山大学附属第医院 | A kind of external diaphragm pacemaker of the medium frequency electric stimulation of low frequency modulations |
| CN109908478A (en) * | 2019-03-30 | 2019-06-21 | 合肥智法自然电子科技有限公司 | A kind of percutaneous medium frequency electric pulse-stimulating signal |
| CN110639126B (en) * | 2019-08-24 | 2022-03-18 | 深圳市倍蓝科技有限公司 | Modulation type muscle electric pulse stimulation method and device |
| CN111317641A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-06-23 | 上海健康医学院 | Household intermediate frequency interference physiotherapy instrument circuit |
| CN113552424A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-10-26 | 中国人民解放军火箭军工程大学 | Weak static signal collection system of aeroengine gas circuit granule |
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