CN107154799A - A kind of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source and control method - Google Patents
A kind of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107154799A CN107154799A CN201710216067.2A CN201710216067A CN107154799A CN 107154799 A CN107154799 A CN 107154799A CN 201710216067 A CN201710216067 A CN 201710216067A CN 107154799 A CN107154799 A CN 107154799A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION, OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L1/00—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply
- H03L1/02—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply against variations of temperature only
- H03L1/04—Constructional details for maintaining temperature constant
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source and control method, solve sapphire Microwave Frequency Source cost high, the problem of frequency stability is low poor with degree of suppression of mutually making an uproar, including vacuum tank, helium liquefier, liquid helium bath, liquid helium mozzle, hot plate, sapphire microwave cavity, it is containing vacuum area inside vacuum tank, liquid helium mozzle is passed through from the top of vacuum tank and welded together with the vacuum tank, one end is connected with helium liquefier, the other end is connected with liquid helium bath, helium liquefier is located at the outside of the vacuum tank, liquid helium bath is located at the inside of vacuum tank, hot plate is fixed on below liquid helium bath, thermally contacted with liquid helium bath, sapphire microwave cavity is fixed on below the hot plate, thermally contacted with the hot plate.A kind of sapphire microwave frequency operated control method, including vacuum preparation is carried out to vacuum tank；Helium liquefier is opened, vacuum tank is freezed；Peripheral resonance circuit is powered up, microwave frequency source signal is exported by exterior orientation coupler.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to microwave technical field, more particularly to a kind of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source and control method.
Background technology
The cardinal principle of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source work is to utilize low loss tangent value of the sapphire in low temperature, is formed
The microwave of high q-factor, the frequency formation vibration for selecting the microwave cavity of high q-factor by the way of positive energize, is carried out in peripheral circuit
Phase controlling and the amplitude control of the microwave frequency, make complete machine form stable microwave signal output, frequency stabilization and suppression of mutually making an uproar
System is more complicated.It is used to maintain the Cryo Equipment of sapphire operating temperature to use vascular helium system in existing sapphire Microwave Frequency Source
Cryogen liquefies to helium so that price of complete machine is expensive.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source and control method, solves sapphire Microwave Frequency Source cost
The problem of high, frequency stability is low poor with degree of suppression of mutually making an uproar.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source, for producing ultrastability and low noise at room temperature
The microwave signal of sound, including vacuum tank, helium liquefier, liquid helium bath, liquid helium mozzle, hot plate, sapphire microwave cavity；It is described true
It is containing vacuum area inside slack tank；The top of liquid helium mozzle from the vacuum tank passes through and is welded on the vacuum tank
Together, one end is connected with the helium liquefier, and the other end is connected with the liquid helium bath, and the liquid helium mozzle does not destroy described
The air-tightness of vacuum tank；The helium liquefier is located at the outside of the vacuum tank；The liquid helium bath is located at the vacuum tank
It is internal；The helium liquefier, liquid helium bath, liquid helium mozzle formation closing space；The hot plate is fixed under the liquid helium bath
Side, is thermally contacted with the liquid helium bath；The sapphire microwave cavity is fixed on below the hot plate, has heat to connect with the hot plate
Touch.
Further, the sapphire Microwave Frequency Source, in addition to it is input microwave interface, output microwave interface, automatically controlled true
Empty flange-interface, isolator, wave filter, voltage-controlled phase shifter, manual phase shifter, amplifier, exterior orientation coupler, voltage-controlled decay
Device, for entering row energization and control to the sapphire microwave cavity；The input, output microwave interface are individually fixed in the indigo plant
Jewel microwave cavity two ends, for input and output signal；The electric controlled vacuum flange-interface, isolator, wave filter, shift phase by voltage controlled
Device, manual phase shifter, amplifier, exterior orientation coupler, voltage-controlled attenuator are respectively positioned on outside the vacuum tank；It is described automatically controlled true
Empty flange-interface is fixed on the vacuum tank wall, and is kept inside the sealing of the vacuum tank, the vacuum tank with outside
The automatically controlled cable in portion is connected by the electric controlled vacuum flange-interface, and the electric controlled vacuum flange-interface is provided with out chamber port, enters chamber
Port；The isolator is used to transmit the resonance signal that the sapphire microwave cavity is produced；The wave filter is used for from the isolation
Filtered in the resonance signal of device output；The voltage-controlled phase shifter accept filter after resonance signal；The manual phase shifter is received
The signal of the voltage-controlled phase shifter output；The amplifier enters line amplitude for the signal to the manual phase shifter output to be put
Greatly；The exterior orientation coupler receives the signal of the amplifier output, and exports the microwave output signal；It is described voltage-controlled
Attenuator receives the signal of the exterior orientation coupler output；The signal of the voltage-controlled attenuator output is micro- by the input
Ripple interface passes to the sapphire microwave cavity.
Preferably, the sapphire Microwave Frequency Source, in addition to PGC demodulation port, microwave circulators, phase power spy
Device, signal generator, phase lock circuitry module, integrator circuit module are surveyed, is respectively positioned on outside the vacuum tank, for the indigo plant
Jewel Microwave Frequency Source is controlled due to phase fluctuation caused by external temperature；The PGC demodulation port is located at described automatically controlled
On vacuum flange interface；The microwave circulators by it is described enter chamber port receive the signal that the voltage-controlled attenuator is exported,
And two paths of signals is exported, wherein passing to the sapphire microwave cavity by the input microwave interface all the way；The phase work(
Rate detector receives another road signal of the microwave circulators output, and output phase power signal；The signal generator
Produce two-way identical modulated signal, respectively phase shift modulation signal, lock phase modulated signal；The phase lock circuitry module receives institute
Lock phase modulated signal is stated as reference signal, is reflected with the phase power signal that is received by the PGC demodulation port
Phase, exports phase discrimination signal；The integrator circuit module receives the phase discrimination signal, exports integrated signal；The shift phase by voltage controlled
Device is according to the phase shift modulation signal, the integrated signal received, the voltage-controlled shifting exported to the voltage-controlled phase shifter
Phase signals carry out phase adjusted.
Preferably, the sapphire Microwave Frequency Source, in addition to amplitude stabilization port, tank interior orientation coupler, amplitude work(
Rate detector, amplitude control circuit module, are respectively positioned on outside the vacuum tank, for the sapphire Microwave Frequency Source due to
Amplitude fluctuation is controlled caused by external temperature；The amplitude stabilization port is located on the electric controlled vacuum flange-interface；Institute
State tank interior orientation coupler by it is described enter chamber port receive the signal that the voltage-controlled attenuator is exported, and export two-way letter
Number, wherein passing to the sapphire microwave cavity by the input microwave interface all the way；The amplitude power detector is received
Another road signal of the tank interior orientation coupler output, and output amplitude power signal；The amplitude control circuit module is led to
Cross the amplitude stabilization port and receive the amplitude power signal, and export the amplitude control signal；The voltage-controlled attenuator
The amplitude control signal is received, and amplitude adjusted is carried out to the signal of output.
Preferably, the sapphire Microwave Frequency Source, in addition to cold screen, the cold screen is located inside the vacuum tank, Gu
It is scheduled on the liquid helium mozzle, is thermally contacted with the liquid helium mozzle；Also include temperature controlled column flange-interface and temperature is supervised
Module is controlled, outside the vacuum tank, the hot plate internal notches, groove is built with heater strip and thermistor, the cold screen
It is upper that thermistor is housed；The temperature controlled column flange-interface is fixed on the vacuum tank wall, and keeps the vacuum tank
Sealing, by the thermistor in temperature control cable and the hot plate, heater strip, the thermistor on the cold screen is connected；Institute
The temperature that temperature monitoring module is used to monitoring and controlling the hot plate and cold screen is stated, is connected with the temperature controlled column flange-interface.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of sapphire microwave frequency operated control method, comprises the following steps：To described true
Slack tank carries out vacuum preparation；The helium liquefier is opened, liquid helium is transmitted to the liquid helium bath by the liquid helium mozzle, it is right
The vacuum tank is freezed；When observing the hot plate temperature near the resonance temperature of the sapphire microwave cavity, to periphery
Circuit is powered up, and the peripheral circuit is the isolator, wave filter, voltage-controlled phase shifter, manual phase shifter, amplifier, outside fixed
The circuit constituted to coupler, voltage-controlled attenuator；Microwave frequency source signal is exported by the exterior orientation coupler.Described one
Sapphire microwave frequency operated control method is planted, in addition to opens the temperature monitoring module outside the vacuum tank, to the hot plate
Temperature be controlled, keep it in the resonance temperature of the sapphire microwave cavity.Methods described also includes, described opening
Before temperature monitoring module outside vacuum tank, to signal generator, phase lock circuitry module, integrator circuit module, amplitude control
Circuit module power-up processed；After the temperature monitoring module outside the vacuum tank is opened, the voltage-controlled phase shifter, manually is adjusted
Phase shifter, signal generator, phase lock circuitry module, amplitude control circuit module；Export micro- by the exterior orientation coupler
Wave frequency rate source signal.A kind of sapphire microwave frequency operated control method, is adopted to the method that the hot plate temperature is controlled
PID temperature control methods are used, by the change in resistance of thermistor on the hot plate, the heating amount exported to the temperature monitoring module
It is controlled.
Beneficial effect of the present invention includes：The present invention has invented a kind of new low temperature sapphire microwave source first at home,
Using G-M helium refrigeration machines, the liquid helium of formation flows into liquid helium bath formation low-temperature space, and microwave cavity is placed under low-temperature space, and outside
Enclose circuit and enter row energization and control to microwave cavity, form the microwave output of the low phase noise of high stability.With existing sapphire
Microwave source is compared, and the microwave signal frequency stability that exports of the present invention is high, mutually make an uproar that low and simple in construction, cost performance is high, and temperature is steady
Fixed degree and Oscillation Amplitude are small, can longtime running.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing described herein is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, constitutes the part of the present invention, this hair
Bright schematic description and description is used to explain the present invention, does not constitute inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is a kind of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source embodiment comprising helium liquefier；
Fig. 2 is a kind of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source embodiment comprising resonant control circuit；
Fig. 3 is a kind of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source embodiment comprising phase-control circuit；
Fig. 4 is a kind of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source embodiment comprising amplitude control circuit；
Fig. 5 includes amplitude, the sapphire Microwave Frequency Source embodiment of phase-control circuit to be a kind of；
Fig. 6 includes temperature controlled sapphire Microwave Frequency Source embodiment to be a kind of；
Fig. 7 is a kind of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source embodiment comprising automatically controlled temperature control；
Fig. 8 is a kind of sapphire microwave frequency operated control method embodiment flow chart；
Fig. 9 includes temperature controlled sapphire microwave frequency operated control method embodiment flow chart to be a kind of.
Embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the specific embodiment of the invention and
Technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described corresponding accompanying drawing.Obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention one
Section Example, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not doing
Go out the every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the technical scheme that various embodiments of the present invention are provided is described in detail.
Fig. 1 is a kind of embodiment schematic diagram of the sapphire Microwave Frequency Source comprising helium liquefier.The present embodiment is provided
A kind of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source, the microwave signal for producing ultrastability and low noise at room temperature, including helium
Liquefier 1, liquid helium bath 2, liquid helium mozzle 3, vacuum tank 4, hot plate 5, sapphire microwave cavity 6.
It is containing vacuum area inside the vacuum tank；The top of liquid helium mozzle from the vacuum tank pass through and with institute
State vacuum tank to weld together, one end is connected with the helium liquefier, and the other end is connected with the liquid helium bath, and the liquid helium is led
Flow tube does not destroy the air-tightness of the vacuum tank；The helium liquefier is located at the outside of the vacuum tank；The liquid helium bath position
In the inside of the vacuum tank；The helium liquefier, liquid helium bath, the closing space of liquid helium mozzle formation；The hot plate is consolidated
It is scheduled on below the liquid helium bath, is thermally contacted with the liquid helium bath；The sapphire microwave cavity is fixed on below the hot plate, with
The hot plate has thermo-contact.
The liquid helium of the helium liquefier formation, which is flowed into the liquid helium bath, forms low-temperature space, the Low Temperature Thermal of the liquid helium bath
The hot plate is passed to, low temperature is passed to the sapphire microwave cavity by the hot plate, when the temperature of the sapphire microwave cavity
When near resonance temperature, the sapphire microwave cavity can produce the microwave mode of high q-factor.
The frequency of the sapphire microwave cavity can be set, and the resonance temperature of the sapphire microwave cavity of different frequency is different,
By taking 9.2GHz sapphire microwave cavity as an example, its resonance temperature is 4.2K, and the sapphire microwave cavity of the 9.2GHz frequencies is at this
The loaded Q better than E8 can be reached on 4.2K resonance temperatures.
It should be noted that the sapphire microwave cavity can be fixed by screws on the hot plate, it can also pass through
Other modes are fixed on the hot plate, it is ensured that the sapphire microwave cavity is thermally contacted with the hot plate.
It should be noted that helium liquefier of the present invention is G-M helium refrigeration machines.
The characteristics of present invention has low-loss tangent in low temperature using sapphire microwave cavity, results in pole high q-factor
Microwave Frequency Source signal output, the present invention is with the high advantage of simple in construction, cost performance.
Fig. 2 is a kind of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source embodiment schematic diagram comprising resonant control circuit.
The present embodiment provides a kind of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source, for producing ultrastability and low noise at room temperature
Microwave signal, including helium liquefier 1, liquid helium bath 2, liquid helium mozzle 3, vacuum tank 4, hot plate 5, sapphire microwave cavity 6, input
Microwave interface 7, output microwave interface 8, electric controlled vacuum flange-interface 9, go out chamber port 10, enter chamber port 11, isolator 12, wave filter
13rd, voltage-controlled phase shifter 14, manual phase shifter 15, amplifier 16, exterior orientation coupler 17, voltage-controlled attenuator 18.
The input, output microwave interface are individually fixed in the sapphire microwave cavity two ends, for inputting and exporting letter
Number；The electric controlled vacuum flange-interface, isolator, wave filter, voltage-controlled phase shifter, manual phase shifter, amplifier, exterior orientation coupling
Clutch, voltage-controlled attenuator are respectively positioned on outside the vacuum tank；The electric controlled vacuum flange-interface is fixed on the vacuum tank wall
On, and keep passing through the electric controlled vacuum flange with outside automatically controlled cable inside the sealing of the vacuum tank, the vacuum tank
Interface is connected, and the electric controlled vacuum flange-interface is provided with out chamber port, enters chamber port.
The sapphire Microwave Frequency Source forms microwave free oscillation by peripheral resonant control circuit, realizes to described
Sapphire microwave cavity enters row energization and control.The liquid helium of the helium liquefier formation, which is flowed into the liquid helium bath, forms low temperature
Area, the Low Temperature Thermal of the liquid helium bath passes to the hot plate, and low temperature is passed to the sapphire microwave cavity, works as institute by the hot plate
When stating the temperature of sapphire microwave cavity near resonance temperature, the sapphire microwave cavity can produce the microwave mode of high q-factor.
The sapphire microwave cavity exports the resonance signal of high q-factor by the output microwave interface；The isolator is used
In the resonance signal for transmitting the sapphire microwave cavity generation；The wave filter is used for the resonance signal exported from the isolator
Middle filtering；The voltage-controlled phase shifter accept filter after resonance signal；It is defeated that the manual phase shifter receives the voltage-controlled phase shifter
The signal gone out；The amplifier is used to enter line amplitude amplification to the signal of the manual phase shifter output；The exterior orientation coupling
Clutch receives the signal of the amplifier output, and exports the microwave output signal；The voltage-controlled attenuator receives described outer
The signal of portion's directional coupler output；The signal of the voltage-controlled attenuator output is passed to described by the input microwave interface
Sapphire microwave cavity.
The low-loss tangent of sapphire microwave cavity when the present invention utilizes low temperature, by peripheral resonance circuit to sapphire microwave
Chamber carries out positive energize, results in high Q value frequency source signals, and with simple in construction, operation is easy, that cost performance is high is excellent
Point.
Fig. 3 is a kind of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source embodiment schematic diagram comprising phase-control circuit.
The present embodiment provides a kind of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source, for producing ultrastability and low noise at room temperature
Microwave signal, including helium liquefier 1, liquid helium bath 2, liquid helium mozzle 3, vacuum tank 4, hot plate 5, sapphire microwave cavity 6, input
Microwave interface 7, output microwave interface 8, electric controlled vacuum flange-interface 9, go out chamber port 10, enter chamber port 11, isolator 12, wave filter
13rd, voltage-controlled phase shifter 14, manual phase shifter 15, amplifier 16, exterior orientation coupler 17, voltage-controlled attenuator 18, PGC demodulation
Port 19, microwave circulators 20, phase power detector 21, signal generator 22, phase lock circuitry module 23, integrator circuit mould
Block 24.
The PGC demodulation port is located on the electric controlled vacuum flange-interface, and the sapphire Microwave Frequency Source passes through outer
Phase-control circuit is enclosed, realizes to the sapphire Microwave Frequency Source due to the control of phase fluctuation caused by external temperature, makes
The Stability index of complete machine is lifted.The liquid helium of the helium liquefier formation, which is flowed into the liquid helium bath, forms low-temperature space,
The Low Temperature Thermal of the liquid helium bath passes to the hot plate, and low temperature is passed to the sapphire microwave cavity by the hot plate, when described
When the temperature of sapphire microwave cavity is near resonance temperature, the sapphire microwave cavity can produce the microwave mode of high q-factor.
The sapphire microwave cavity exports the resonance signal of high q-factor by the output microwave interface；The isolator is used
In the resonance signal for transmitting the sapphire microwave cavity generation；The wave filter is used for the resonance signal exported from the isolator
Middle filtering；The voltage-controlled phase shifter accept filter after resonance signal；It is defeated that the manual phase shifter receives the voltage-controlled phase shifter
The signal gone out；The amplifier is used to enter line amplitude amplification to the signal of the manual phase shifter output；The exterior orientation coupling
Clutch receives the signal of the amplifier output, and exports the microwave output signal；The voltage-controlled attenuator receives described outer
The signal of portion's directional coupler output；The microwave circulators by it is described enter chamber port receive the letter that the voltage-controlled attenuator is exported
Number, and two paths of signals is exported, wherein passing to the sapphire microwave cavity by the input microwave interface all the way；The phase
Power detector receives another road signal of the microwave circulators output, and output phase power signal；The signal occurs
Device produces two-way identical modulated signal, respectively phase shift modulation signal, lock phase modulated signal；The phase lock circuitry module is received
The lock phase modulated signal is as reference signal, with the phase power signal progress received by the PGC demodulation port
Phase demodulation, exports phase discrimination signal；The integrator circuit module receives the phase discrimination signal, exports integrated signal；The voltage-controlled shifting
Phase device is according to the phase shift modulation signal, the integrated signal received, and what the voltage-controlled phase shifter was exported is described voltage-controlled
Phase shift signal carries out phase adjusted.
Periphery resonance circuit of the invention adds phase adjusting function, can be to phase place change caused by exterior temperature change
Adjusted back, improve the phase stability of output frequency source signal, lifted the Stability index of complete machine.
Fig. 4 is a kind of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source embodiment schematic diagram comprising amplitude control circuit.
The present embodiment provides a kind of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source, for producing ultrastability and low noise at room temperature
Microwave signal, including helium liquefier 1, liquid helium bath 2, liquid helium mozzle 3, vacuum tank 4, hot plate 5, sapphire microwave cavity 6, input
Microwave interface 7, output microwave interface 8, electric controlled vacuum flange-interface 9, go out chamber port 10, enter chamber port 11, isolator 12, wave filter
13rd, voltage-controlled phase shifter 14, manual phase shifter 15, amplifier 16, exterior orientation coupler 17, voltage-controlled attenuator 18, amplitude stabilization
Port 25, tank interior orientation coupler 26, amplitude power detector 27, amplitude control circuit module 28.
The amplitude stabilization port is located on the electric controlled vacuum flange-interface, and the sapphire Microwave Frequency Source passes through outer
Phase-control circuit is enclosed, realizes to the sapphire Microwave Frequency Source due to the control of amplitude fluctuation caused by external temperature, makes
The output-power fluctuation of whole system is minimum, reduces conversion of the amplitude noise to phase noise.The helium liquefier formation
Liquid helium flows into the liquid helium bath and forms low-temperature space, and the Low Temperature Thermal of the liquid helium bath passes to the hot plate, and the hot plate will be low
Temperature passes to the sapphire microwave cavity, when the temperature of the sapphire microwave cavity is near resonance temperature, the sapphire
Microwave cavity can produce the microwave mode of high q-factor.
The sapphire microwave cavity exports the resonance signal of high q-factor by the output microwave interface；The isolator is used
In the resonance signal for transmitting the sapphire microwave cavity generation；The wave filter is used for the resonance signal exported from the isolator
Middle filtering；The voltage-controlled phase shifter accept filter after resonance signal；It is defeated that the manual phase shifter receives the voltage-controlled phase shifter
The signal gone out；The amplifier is used to enter line amplitude amplification to the signal of the manual phase shifter output；The exterior orientation coupling
Clutch receives the signal of the amplifier output, and exports the microwave output signal；The voltage-controlled attenuator receives described outer
The signal of portion's directional coupler output；The tank interior orientation coupler by it is described enter chamber port receive the voltage-controlled attenuator and export
Signal, and two paths of signals is exported, wherein passing to the sapphire microwave cavity by the input microwave interface all the way；It is described
Amplitude power detector receives another road signal of the tank interior orientation coupler output, and output amplitude power signal；It is described
Amplitude control circuit module receives the amplitude power signal by the amplitude stabilization port, and exports the amplitude control letter
Number；The voltage-controlled attenuator receives the amplitude control signal, and carries out amplitude adjusted to the signal of output.
It should be noted that cold screen number of the present invention can be 1 or multiple, specific number is not done here
The restriction of amount.
Peripheral circuit of the present invention adds amplitude control circuit, adds to the sapphire Microwave Frequency Source due to outside
The control function of amplitude fluctuation caused by temperature, makes the output-power fluctuation of whole system minimum, reduces amplitude noise to phase
The conversion of noise.
Fig. 5 includes amplitude, the sapphire Microwave Frequency Source embodiment schematic diagram of phase-control circuit to be a kind of.
The present embodiment provides a kind of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source, for producing ultrastability and low noise at room temperature
Microwave signal, including helium liquefier 1, liquid helium bath 2, liquid helium mozzle 3, vacuum tank 4, hot plate 5, sapphire microwave cavity 6, input
Microwave interface 7, output microwave interface 8, electric controlled vacuum flange-interface 9, go out chamber port 10, enter chamber port 11, isolator 12, wave filter
13rd, voltage-controlled phase shifter 14, manual phase shifter 15, amplifier 16, exterior orientation coupler 17, voltage-controlled attenuator 18, PGC demodulation
Port 19, microwave circulators 20, phase power detector 21, signal generator 22, phase lock circuitry module 23, integrator circuit mould
Block 24, amplitude stabilization port 25, tank interior orientation coupler 26, amplitude power detector 27, amplitude control circuit module 28.
It is described go out chamber port, enter chamber port, PGC demodulation port, amplitude stabilization port and be respectively positioned on the electric controlled vacuum flange-interface
On, the sapphire Microwave Frequency Source is realized to the sapphire Microwave Frequency Source due to outer by peripheral width phase control circuit
Amplitude, the control of phase fluctuation, make the output-power fluctuation of whole system minimum caused by portion's temperature, reduce amplitude noise to phase
The conversion of position noise, improves whole system Stability index.The liquid helium of the helium liquefier formation is flowed into the liquid helium bath
Low-temperature space is formed, the Low Temperature Thermal of the liquid helium bath passes to the hot plate, and it is micro- that low temperature is passed to the sapphire by the hot plate
Ripple chamber, when the temperature of the sapphire microwave cavity is near resonance temperature, the sapphire microwave cavity can produce high q-factor
Microwave mode.
The sapphire microwave cavity exports the resonance signal of high q-factor by the output microwave interface；The isolator is used
In the resonance signal for transmitting the sapphire microwave cavity generation；The wave filter is used for the resonance signal exported from the isolator
Middle filtering；The voltage-controlled phase shifter accept filter after resonance signal；It is defeated that the manual phase shifter receives the voltage-controlled phase shifter
The signal gone out；The amplifier is used to enter line amplitude amplification to the signal of the manual phase shifter output；The exterior orientation coupling
Clutch receives the signal of the amplifier output, and exports the microwave output signal；The voltage-controlled attenuator receives described outer
The signal of portion's directional coupler output；The tank interior orientation coupler by it is described enter chamber port receive the voltage-controlled attenuator and export
Signal, and export two paths of signals, the amplitude power detector receives the signal all the way of the tank interior orientation coupler output,
And output amplitude power signal；The amplitude control circuit module receives the amplitude power by the amplitude stabilization port and believed
Number, and export the amplitude control signal；The voltage-controlled attenuator receives the amplitude control signal, and to the letter of output
Number carry out amplitude adjusted；The microwave circulators receive another road signal of the tank interior orientation coupler output, and export two
Road signal, wherein passing to the sapphire microwave cavity by the input microwave interface all the way；The phase power detector
Receive another road signal of the microwave circulators output, and output phase power signal；The signal generator produces two-way
Identical modulated signal, respectively phase shift modulation signal, lock phase modulated signal；The phase lock circuitry module receives the lock and mutually adjusted
Signal processed is as reference signal, with the phase power signal progress phase demodulation received by the PGC demodulation port, output
Phase discrimination signal；The integrator circuit module receives the phase discrimination signal, exports integrated signal；The voltage-controlled phase shifter is according to connecing
The phase shift modulation signal, the integrated signal received, enters to the shift phase by voltage controlled signal that the voltage-controlled phase shifter is exported
Line phase is adjusted.
Because temperature fluctuation phase can change, the signal generator, phase lock circuitry module, integrator circuit module
The loop of formation can carry out the fluctuation of phase the voltage-controlled frequency of oscillation for making up, stablizing major loop；During phase fluctuation, main oscillations
The power of loop can also change, and the change of power can influence the voltage-controlled voltage produced during PGC demodulation, the amplitude control
Circuit module can be stable in some value by the fluctuation of microwave amplitude.
It should be noted that the phase, amplitude power detector are the square-law detector of same model, can be to corresponding
Frequency directly carry out detection and form power signal.
Peripheral circuit of the present invention is provided with amplitude and phase-control circuit, to the sapphire Microwave Frequency Source due to outside temperature
Amplitude fluctuation and phase fluctuation caused by degree realize error readjustment, make the output-power fluctuation of whole system minimum, reduce width
Conversion of the noise to phase noise is spent, the stability of complete machine is improved.
Fig. 6 includes temperature controlled sapphire Microwave Frequency Source embodiment schematic diagram to be a kind of.
Sapphire Microwave Frequency Source described in the present embodiment, including helium liquefier 1, liquid helium bath 2, liquid helium mozzle 3, vacuum
Tank 4, hot plate 5, sapphire microwave cavity 6, cold screen 29, temperature controlled column flange-interface 30 and temperature monitoring module 31, thermistor 32,
Heater strip 33.
It is containing vacuum area inside the vacuum tank；The top of liquid helium mozzle from the vacuum tank pass through and with institute
State vacuum tank to weld together, one end is connected with the helium liquefier, and the other end is connected with the liquid helium bath, and the liquid helium is led
Flow tube does not destroy the air-tightness of the vacuum tank；The helium liquefier is located at the outside of the vacuum tank；The liquid helium bath position
In the inside of the vacuum tank；The helium liquefier, liquid helium bath, the closing space of liquid helium mozzle formation；The hot plate is consolidated
It is scheduled on below the liquid helium bath, is thermally contacted with the liquid helium bath；The sapphire microwave cavity is fixed on below the hot plate, with
The hot plate has thermo-contact.The cold screen is located inside the vacuum tank, is fixed on the liquid helium mozzle, with the liquid helium
Mozzle has thermo-contact, and the hot plate internal notches, groove is electric equipped with temperature-sensitive on the cold screen built with heater strip and thermistor
Resistance；The temperature controlled column flange-interface is fixed on the vacuum tank wall, and keeps the sealing of the vacuum tank, passes through temperature
Control the thermistor connection on cable and the thermistor in the hot plate, heater strip, the cold screen；The temperature monitoring module
Outside the vacuum tank, the temperature for monitoring and controlling the hot plate and cold screen, with the temperature controlled column flange-interface
Connection.
The liquid helium of the helium liquefier formation, which is flowed into the liquid helium bath, forms low-temperature space, the Low Temperature Thermal of the liquid helium bath
The hot plate is passed to, low temperature is passed to the sapphire microwave cavity by the hot plate, and the temperature monitoring module passes through described
Thermistor on hot plate monitors the temperature of the hot plate, and when the temperature of the hot plate is in resonance temperature, the sapphire is micro-
The temperature of ripple chamber is near resonance temperature, and the sapphire microwave cavity can produce the microwave mode of high q-factor, when the hot plate
When temperature is less than resonance temperature, the temperature monitoring module controls the heater strip on the hot plate to be heated, and makes the hot plate
Temperature reach resonance temperature.
It should be noted that the selection of the temperature monitoring module temperature control point should be humorous with the sapphire microwave cavity
Temperature of shaking is consistent.
The temperature in vacuum tank can be adjusted by the present invention, temperature is maintained at sapphire microwave cavity humorous
Near temperature of shaking, the stability of the sapphire Microwave Frequency Source output signal is improved.
Fig. 7 is a kind of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source embodiment schematic diagram comprising automatically controlled temperature control.
Sapphire Microwave Frequency Source described in the present embodiment, including helium liquefier 1, liquid helium bath 2, liquid helium mozzle 3, vacuum
Tank 4, hot plate 5, sapphire microwave cavity 6, input microwave interface 7, output microwave interface 8, electric controlled vacuum flange-interface 9, go out chamber port
10th, chamber port 11, isolator 12, wave filter 13, voltage-controlled phase shifter 14, manual phase shifter 15, amplifier 16, exterior orientation coupling are entered
Device 17, voltage-controlled attenuator 18, PGC demodulation port 19, microwave circulators 20, phase power detector 21, signal generator 22,
Phase lock circuitry module 23, integrator circuit module 24, amplitude stabilization port 25, tank interior orientation coupler 26, amplitude power detection
Device 27, amplitude control circuit module 28, cold screen 29, temperature controlled column flange-interface 30 and temperature monitoring module 31, thermistor 32,
Heater strip 33.
It is containing vacuum area inside the vacuum tank；The top of liquid helium mozzle from the vacuum tank pass through and with institute
State vacuum tank to weld together, one end is connected with the helium liquefier, and the other end is connected with the liquid helium bath, and the liquid helium is led
Flow tube does not destroy the air-tightness of the vacuum tank；The helium liquefier is located at the outside of the vacuum tank；The liquid helium bath position
In the inside of the vacuum tank；The helium liquefier, liquid helium bath, the closing space of liquid helium mozzle formation；The hot plate is consolidated
It is scheduled on below the liquid helium bath, is thermally contacted with the liquid helium bath；The sapphire microwave cavity is fixed on below the hot plate, with
The hot plate has thermo-contact.The cold screen is located inside the vacuum tank, is fixed on the liquid helium mozzle, with the liquid helium
Mozzle has thermo-contact, and the hot plate internal notches, groove is electric equipped with temperature-sensitive on the cold screen built with heater strip and thermistor
Resistance；The temperature controlled column flange-interface is fixed on the vacuum tank wall, and keeps the sealing of the vacuum tank, passes through temperature
Control the thermistor connection on cable and the thermistor in the hot plate, heater strip, the cold screen；The temperature monitoring module
Outside the vacuum tank, the temperature for monitoring and controlling the hot plate and cold screen, with the temperature controlled column flange-interface
Connection.It is described go out chamber port, enter chamber port, PGC demodulation port, amplitude stabilization port and be respectively positioned on the electric controlled vacuum flange-interface,
The sapphire Microwave Frequency Source is realized to the sapphire Microwave Frequency Source due to outside temperature by peripheral width phase control circuit
Amplitude, the control of phase fluctuation caused by degree, make the output-power fluctuation of whole system minimum, reduce amplitude noise and are made an uproar to phase
The conversion of sound, improves whole system Stability index.
The liquid helium of the helium liquefier formation, which is flowed into the liquid helium bath, forms low-temperature space, the Low Temperature Thermal of the liquid helium bath
The hot plate is passed to, low temperature is passed to the sapphire microwave cavity by the hot plate, and the temperature monitoring module passes through described
Thermistor on hot plate monitors the temperature of the hot plate, and when the temperature of the hot plate is in resonance temperature, the sapphire is micro-
The temperature of ripple chamber is near resonance temperature, and the sapphire microwave cavity can produce the microwave mode of high q-factor.
The sapphire microwave cavity exports the resonance signal of high q-factor by the output microwave interface；The isolator is used
In the resonance signal for transmitting the sapphire microwave cavity generation；The wave filter is used for the resonance signal exported from the isolator
Middle filtering；The voltage-controlled phase shifter accept filter after resonance signal；It is defeated that the manual phase shifter receives the voltage-controlled phase shifter
The signal gone out；The amplifier is used to enter line amplitude amplification to the signal of the manual phase shifter output；The exterior orientation coupling
Clutch receives the signal of the amplifier output, and exports the microwave output signal；The voltage-controlled attenuator receives described outer
The signal of portion's directional coupler output；The tank interior orientation coupler by it is described enter chamber port receive the voltage-controlled attenuator and export
Signal, and export two paths of signals, the microwave circulators receive the signal all the way of the tank interior orientation coupler output, and defeated
Go out two paths of signals, wherein passing to the sapphire microwave cavity by the input microwave interface all the way, form free oscillation electricity
Road.
The amplitude power detector receives another road signal of the tank interior orientation coupler output, and output amplitude work(
Rate signal；The amplitude control circuit module receives the amplitude power signal by the amplitude stabilization port, and exports institute
State amplitude control signal；The voltage-controlled attenuator receives the amplitude control signal, and enters line amplitude to the signal of output
Regulation；The phase power detector receives another road signal of the microwave circulators output, and output phase power signal；
The signal generator produces two-way identical modulated signal, respectively phase shift modulation signal, lock phase modulated signal；The lock phase
Circuit module receives the lock phase modulated signal as reference signal, with the phase received by the PGC demodulation port
Power signal carries out phase demodulation, exports phase discrimination signal；The integrator circuit module receives the phase discrimination signal, output integration letter
Number；The voltage-controlled phase shifter is defeated to the voltage-controlled phase shifter according to the phase shift modulation signal, the integrated signal received
The shift phase by voltage controlled signal gone out carries out phase adjusted.
When the temperature of the hot plate is less than resonance temperature, the temperature monitoring module controls the heater strip on the hot plate
Heated, the temperature of the hot plate is reached resonance temperature.
It should be noted that the selection of the temperature monitoring module temperature control point should be humorous with the sapphire microwave cavity
Temperature of shaking is consistent.
Sapphire Microwave Frequency Source of the present invention, can adjust the temperature in the vacuum tank, add described blue precious
The frequency stability of the resonance signal of stone microwave cavity output, while can be to phase place change caused by exterior temperature change and amplitude
Change is adjusted back, and is reduced phase noise, is improved complete machine stability.
Fig. 8 is a kind of sapphire microwave frequency operated control method embodiment flow chart.
The present embodiment provides a kind of sapphire microwave frequency operated control method, comprises the following steps：
Step 101, vacuum preparation is carried out to the vacuum tank.
In a step 101, when the vacuum in the vacuum tank reaches 1E-5Pa, stop vacuum and prepare.
Step 102, the helium liquefier is opened, liquid helium is transmitted to the liquid helium bath by the liquid helium mozzle, it is right
The vacuum tank is freezed.
Step 103, when observing the hot plate temperature near the resonance temperature of the sapphire microwave cavity, to peripheral circuit
Power-up, the peripheral circuit is the isolator, wave filter, voltage-controlled phase shifter, manual phase shifter, amplifier, exterior orientation coupling
The circuit of clutch, voltage-controlled attenuator composition.
In step 103, the temperature monitoring module is connected with the thermistor on the hot plate, is supervised by the temperature
Control module and observe the hot plate temperature；The frequency of the sapphire microwave cavity can be set, the sapphire microwave cavity of different frequency
Resonance temperature it is different, by taking 9.2GHz sapphire microwave cavity as an example, its resonance temperature is 4.2K, the indigo plant of the 9.2GHz frequencies
Jewel microwave cavity can reach the loaded Q better than E8 on the 4.2K resonance temperatures.
After being powered up to the peripheral circuit, the sapphire microwave cavity exports high resonance by the output microwave interface to be believed
Number；The isolator is used to transmit the resonance signal that the sapphire microwave cavity is produced；The wave filter is used for from the isolation
Filtered in the resonance signal of device output；The voltage-controlled phase shifter accept filter after resonance signal；The manual phase shifter is received
The signal of the voltage-controlled phase shifter output；The amplifier enters line amplitude for the signal to the manual phase shifter output to be put
Greatly；The exterior orientation coupler receives the signal of the amplifier output, and exports the microwave output signal；It is described voltage-controlled
Attenuator receives the signal of the exterior orientation coupler output；The signal of the voltage-controlled attenuator output is micro- by the input
Ripple interface passes to the sapphire microwave cavity, forms free-running circuit.
Step 104, microwave frequency source signal is exported by the exterior orientation coupler.
Fig. 9 is a kind of embodiment flow chart for including temperature controlled sapphire microwave frequency operated control method.
The present embodiment provides a kind of sapphire microwave frequency operated control method, comprises the following steps：
Step 101, vacuum preparation is carried out to the vacuum tank.
In a step 101, when the vacuum in the vacuum tank reaches 1E-5Pa, stop vacuum and prepare.
Step 102, the helium liquefier is opened, liquid helium is transmitted to the liquid helium bath by the liquid helium mozzle, it is right
The vacuum tank is freezed.
Step 105, when observing the hot plate temperature near the resonance temperature of the sapphire microwave cavity, to peripheral circuit
Power-up, the peripheral circuit is the isolator, wave filter, voltage-controlled phase shifter, manual phase shifter, amplifier, exterior orientation coupling
Clutch, voltage-controlled attenuator, signal generator, phase lock circuitry module, integrator circuit module, amplitude control circuit module, signal
Generator, phase lock circuitry module, integrator circuit module, the circuit of amplitude control circuit module composition.
In step 105, there is thermistor on the hot plate, the hot plate temperature can be measured；The sapphire microwave
The frequency of chamber can be set, and the resonance temperature of the sapphire microwave cavity of different frequency is different, with 9.2GHz sapphire microwave cavity
Exemplified by, its resonance temperature is 4.2K, and the sapphire microwave cavity of the 9.2GHz frequencies can reach on the 4.2K resonance temperatures
Loaded Q better than E8.
In step 105, after being powered up to the peripheral circuit, the sapphire microwave cavity passes through the output microwave interface
Export high q-factor resonance signal；The isolator is used to transmit the resonance signal that the sapphire microwave cavity is produced；The wave filter
For being filtered in the resonance signal that is exported from the isolator；The voltage-controlled phase shifter accept filter after resonance signal；It is described
Manual phase shifter receives the signal of the voltage-controlled phase shifter output；The amplifier is used for the letter to the manual phase shifter output
Number enter line amplitude amplification；The exterior orientation coupler receives the signal of the amplifier output, and exports the microwave output
Signal；The voltage-controlled attenuator receives the signal of the exterior orientation coupler output；The signal of the voltage-controlled attenuator output
The sapphire microwave cavity is passed to by the input microwave interface；The tank interior orientation coupler by it is described enter chamber port connect
The signal of the voltage-controlled attenuator output is received, and exports two paths of signals, the microwave circulators receive the tank interior orientation coupling
The signal all the way of device output, and two paths of signals is exported, wherein passing to the sapphire by the input microwave interface all the way
Microwave cavity, forms free-running circuit.
The amplitude power detector receives another road signal of the tank interior orientation coupler output, and output amplitude work(
Rate signal；The amplitude control circuit module receives the amplitude power signal by the amplitude stabilization port, and exports institute
State amplitude control signal；The voltage-controlled attenuator receives the amplitude control signal, and enters line amplitude to the signal of output
Regulation；The phase power detector receives another road signal of the microwave circulators output, and output phase power signal；
The signal generator produces two-way identical modulated signal, respectively phase shift modulation signal, lock phase modulated signal；The lock phase
Circuit module receives the lock phase modulated signal as reference signal, with the phase received by the PGC demodulation port
Power signal carries out phase demodulation, exports phase discrimination signal；The integrator circuit module receives the phase discrimination signal, output integration letter
Number；The voltage-controlled phase shifter is defeated to the voltage-controlled phase shifter according to the phase shift modulation signal, the integrated signal received
The shift phase by voltage controlled signal gone out carries out phase adjusted.
Step 106, the temperature monitoring module outside the vacuum tank is opened, the temperature to the hot plate is controlled, made
It is maintained at the resonance temperature of the sapphire microwave cavity.
In step 106, the method being controlled to the hot plate temperature uses PID temperature control methods, passes through the hot plate
The change in resistance of upper thermistor, is controlled to the heating amount that the temperature monitoring module is exported.
The temperature monitoring module is connected with the thermistor on the hot plate with heater strip, when the temperature of the hot plate is low
When resonance temperature, the temperature monitoring module controls the heater strip on the hot plate to be heated, and makes the temperature of the hot plate
It is maintained at resonance temperature.
Step 107, the voltage-controlled phase shifter, manual phase shifter, signal generator, phase lock circuitry module, amplitude control are adjusted
Circuit module processed.
In step 107, the voltage-controlled phase shifter parameter is adjusted first, the manual phase shifter parameter is then adjusted, and is adjusted
The signal generator, phase lock circuitry module are saved, includes the output frequency of the regulation signal generator, the phase lock circuitry mould
The susceptibility of block, gain, adjusting the amplitude control circuit module parameter includes adjusting the amplitude control circuit module voltage.
In step 107, the voltage-controlled phase shifter parameter is adjusted, the manual phase shifter parameter is then adjusted to described outer
The microwave frequency source signal of portion's directional coupler output meets phase stabilization condition, it is preferable that when voltage-controlled phase shifter is through overregulating
When output signal afterwards meets phase stabilization condition, the parameter of the manual phase shifter can not be adjusted.
In step 107, adjusting the signal generator, phase lock circuitry module, amplitude control circuit module parameter should make
The index of the microwave frequency source signal of the exterior orientation coupler output is optimal.
Step 108, microwave frequency source signal is exported by the exterior orientation coupler.
In step 108, the Microwave Frequency Source signal index of exterior orientation coupler output is optimal, and with the indigo plant
The frequency of jewel microwave cavity is consistent.
By taking 9.2G sapphire microwave cavities as an example, the frequency source signal stabilization degree of this method output is 9.3E-16@1s ,-
95dBc/Hz@1Hz。
It should be noted that term " comprising ", "comprising" or its any other variant are intended to the bag of nonexcludability
Contain, so that process, method, commodity or equipment including a series of key elements are not only including those key elements, but also including
Other key elements being not expressly set out, or also include for this process, method, commodity or the intrinsic key element of equipment.
In the absence of more restrictions, the key element limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that including the key element
Process, method, commodity or equipment in also there is other identical element.
Embodiments of the invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention.For those skilled in the art
For, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.It is all any modifications made within spirit and principles of the present invention, equivalent
Replace, improve etc., it should be included within scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source, the microwave signal for producing ultrastability and low noise at room temperature, it is special
Levy and be, including vacuum tank, helium liquefier, liquid helium bath, liquid helium mozzle, hot plate, sapphire microwave cavity；
It is containing vacuum area inside the vacuum tank；
The top of liquid helium mozzle from the vacuum tank passes through and welded together with the vacuum tank, one end and the helium
Gas liquefaction device is connected, and the other end is connected with the liquid helium bath；
The helium liquefier is located at the outside of the vacuum tank；
The liquid helium bath is located at the inside of the vacuum tank；
The helium liquefier, liquid helium bath, liquid helium mozzle formation closing space；
The hot plate is fixed on below the liquid helium bath, is thermally contacted with the liquid helium bath；
The sapphire microwave cavity is fixed on below the hot plate, is thermally contacted with the hot plate.
2. a kind of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that also including input microwave interface, defeated
Go out microwave interface, electric controlled vacuum flange-interface, isolator, wave filter, voltage-controlled phase shifter, manual phase shifter, amplifier, outside calmly
To coupler, voltage-controlled attenuator, for entering row energization and control to the sapphire microwave cavity；
The input, output microwave interface are individually fixed in the sapphire microwave cavity two ends, for input and output signal；
The electric controlled vacuum flange-interface, isolator, wave filter, voltage-controlled phase shifter, manual phase shifter, amplifier, exterior orientation
Coupler, voltage-controlled attenuator are respectively positioned on outside the vacuum tank；
The electric controlled vacuum flange-interface is fixed on the vacuum tank wall, and keeps the sealing of the vacuum tank, described
It is connected, is set on the electric controlled vacuum flange-interface by the electric controlled vacuum flange-interface with outside automatically controlled cable inside vacuum tank
There is chamber port, enter chamber port；
The isolator is used to transmit the resonance signal that the sapphire microwave cavity is produced；
The wave filter is used to filter from the resonance signal of isolator output；
The voltage-controlled phase shifter accept filter after resonance signal；
The manual phase shifter receives the signal of the voltage-controlled phase shifter output；
The amplifier is used to enter line amplitude amplification to the signal of the manual phase shifter output；
The exterior orientation coupler receives the signal of the amplifier output, and exports the microwave output signal；
The voltage-controlled attenuator receives the signal of the exterior orientation coupler output；
The signal of the voltage-controlled attenuator output passes to the sapphire microwave cavity by the input microwave interface.
3. a kind of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that also including PGC demodulation port, micro-
Ripple circulator, phase power detector, signal generator, phase lock circuitry module, integrator circuit module, are respectively positioned on the vacuum
Outside tank, for the sapphire Microwave Frequency Source because phase fluctuation caused by external temperature is controlled；
The PGC demodulation port is located on the electric controlled vacuum flange-interface；
The microwave circulators by it is described enter chamber port receive the signal that the voltage-controlled attenuator is exported, and export two paths of signals,
The sapphire microwave cavity is wherein passed to by the input microwave interface all the way；
The phase power detector receives another road signal of the microwave circulators output, and output phase power signal；
The signal generator produces two-way identical modulated signal, respectively phase shift modulation signal, lock phase modulated signal；
The phase lock circuitry module receives the lock phase modulated signal as reference signal, with being connect by the PGC demodulation port
The phase power signal received carries out phase demodulation, exports phase discrimination signal；
The integrator circuit module receives the phase discrimination signal, exports integrated signal；
The voltage-controlled phase shifter is according to the phase shift modulation signal, the integrated signal received, to the voltage-controlled phase shifter
The shift phase by voltage controlled signal of output carries out phase adjusted.
4. a kind of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that also including amplitude stabilization port, tank
Interior orientation coupler, amplitude power detector, amplitude control circuit module, are respectively positioned on outside the vacuum tank, for described
Sapphire Microwave Frequency Source is controlled due to amplitude fluctuation caused by external temperature；
The amplitude stabilization port is located on the electric controlled vacuum flange-interface；
The tank interior orientation coupler by it is described enter chamber port receive the signal that the voltage-controlled attenuator is exported, and export two
Road signal, wherein passing to the sapphire microwave cavity by the input microwave interface all the way；
The amplitude power detector receives another road signal of the tank interior orientation coupler output, and output amplitude power is believed
Number；
The amplitude control circuit module receives the amplitude power signal by the amplitude stabilization port, and exports the width
Spend control signal；
The voltage-controlled attenuator receives the amplitude control signal, and carries out amplitude adjusted to the signal of output.
5. a kind of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that also including cold screen, the cold screen position
Inside the vacuum tank, it is fixed on the liquid helium mozzle, is thermally contacted with the liquid helium mozzle.
6. a kind of sapphire Microwave Frequency Source as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that also including temperature controlled column flange-interface
And temperature monitoring module, outside the vacuum tank, the hot plate internal notches, groove built with heater strip and thermistor,
Thermistor is housed on the cold screen；
The temperature controlled column flange-interface is fixed on the vacuum tank wall, and keeps the sealing of the vacuum tank, is passed through
Thermistor connection on temperature control cable and the thermistor in the hot plate, heater strip, the cold screen；
The temperature monitoring module is used for the temperature for monitoring and controlling the hot plate and cold screen, with the temperature controlled column flange-interface
Connection.
7. a kind of sapphire microwave frequency operated control method, the sapphire Microwave Frequency that can be stated for claim 1~6 any one
Rate source, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Vacuum preparation is carried out to the vacuum tank；
The helium liquefier is opened, liquid helium is transmitted to the liquid helium bath by the liquid helium mozzle, the vacuum tank is entered
Row refrigeration；
When observing the hot plate temperature near the resonance temperature of the sapphire microwave cavity, peripheral resonance circuit is powered up, institute
It is the isolator, wave filter, voltage-controlled phase shifter, manual phase shifter, amplifier, exterior orientation coupling to state resonance peripheral circuit
The circuit of device, voltage-controlled attenuator composition；
Microwave frequency source signal is exported by the exterior orientation coupler.
8. a kind of sapphire microwave frequency operated control method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that methods described also includes
The temperature monitoring module outside the vacuum tank is opened, the temperature to the hot plate is controlled, kept it in described blue precious
The resonance temperature of stone microwave cavity.
9. a kind of sapphire microwave frequency operated control method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that methods described also includes
Before the temperature monitoring module outside the vacuum tank is opened, to signal generator, phase lock circuitry module, integrator electricity
Road module, the power-up of amplitude control circuit module；
After the temperature monitoring module outside the vacuum tank is opened, the voltage-controlled phase shifter, manual phase shifter, signal are adjusted
Generator, phase lock circuitry module, amplitude control circuit module；
Microwave frequency source signal is exported by the exterior orientation coupler.
10. a kind of sapphire microwave frequency operated control method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that to the hot plate temperature
Spend the method being controlled and use PID temperature control methods, by the change in resistance of thermistor on the hot plate, the temperature is supervised
The heating amount of control module output is controlled.
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