CN107136552B - A kind of flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe prevention and control agent and its application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to tobacco cultivation fields, and in particular to a kind of flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe prevention and control agent, including following component：Polyamines, sodium nitroprussiate, sodium sulfite.The flue-cured tobacco high temperature of the present invention forces the use of ripe prevention and control agent, fully inhibit the respiration and transpiration of blade, reduce the accumulation of harmful substance and scattering and disappearing for leaf water, reduce the content of active oxygen, the damage for mitigating intracellular oxidative damage, especially chlorophyll passes through sulfhydrylation with activated protein and the mutually coordinated effect of nitrosylation, the higher photosynthetic rate of tobacco leaf can be maintained, ensures photosynthetic intensity.Experimental study shows to spray the tobacco leaf of prevention and control agent, field tobacco leaf early ageing, albefaction, burn, brown spot phenomenon it is substantially reduced, physiology and the index of quality significantly improve, and using effect is notable, and effectively ripe phenomenon can be forced to occur by prevention and control flue-cured tobacco high temperature, improve quality of tobacco.

Description

A kind of prevention and control agent for flue-cured tobacco high temperature ripening and its application

technical field

The invention relates to the field of tobacco cultivation, in particular to an agent for preventing and controlling high-temperature ripening of flue-cured tobacco and its application.

Background technique

Tobacco is a plant that is very sensitive to changes in environmental conditions. Ecological factors have a greater impact on the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. Among them, climate factors are the main ecological factors that create high-quality and characteristic tobacco leaves. Studies have shown that compared with foreign high-quality tobacco leaf production areas, the meteorological conditions of flue-cured tobacco in my country during the field growth period are mainly manifested in: relatively insufficient sunshine; relatively low temperature in the early stage, and relatively high temperature in the later stage. This phenomenon is particularly prominent in the central and southern smoking areas of my country.

The Nanling Mountains are an important climate boundary between Central my country and South China. Due to its special topographical composition, it has an obvious barrier effect on the climate of South China. In spring, due to the blocking effect of the Nanling Mountains, the cold air stays in the north of Nanling (the southern Hunan smoke area), resulting in more cloudy and rainy weather; On the north side of the Ridge, the downdraft is strong, the weather is mostly sunny, the temperature is high, and the humidity is low, resulting in obvious high temperature weather. High temperature, strong light radiation and other meteorological disasters that are unfavorable to the growth of flue-cured tobacco are prone to occur in the central and southern tobacco areas of my country, resulting in the phenomenon of "high temperature forced ripening". In recent years, due to the research on cultivation technology lagging behind the rapid development of tobacco production and the inconsistency of ecological factors, the production of tobacco leaves in the central and southern regions of my country (such as the southern Hunan tobacco region) frequently occurs that the tobacco leaves cannot normally fall yellow at maturity, and the tobacco leaves are whitened, burned, Severe brown spots and other "high temperature forced ripening" phenomena have affected the quality and availability of tobacco leaves.

Due to the obvious regional characteristics of the phenomenon of "high temperature forced ripening", there has been insufficient attention to understanding it for a long time, and it is extremely lacking in theoretical research and prevention and control technology. Therefore, in production practice, at present, the early transplanting period is mainly used to avoid or reduce the high temperature hazard in the later stage. So far, there has been no technical report on the use of control agents to prevent and control high-temperature ripening of flue-cured tobacco.

In summary, there is an urgent need to provide a control agent that can prevent flue-cured tobacco from high-temperature ripening and can improve the quality of tobacco leaves.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to develop a control agent and its application which can prevent flue-cured tobacco from high-temperature forced ripening and can improve the quality of tobacco leaves.

The above purpose is achieved through the following technical proposal: a high-temperature ripening prevention and control agent for flue-cured tobacco, comprising the following components: polyamine, sodium nitroprusside, and sodium sulfite.

Studies have found that under the action of protecting cells in high temperature tobacco, the stomata are closed to a certain extent to reduce the damage of high temperature and strong light to adapt to the high temperature environment, but under continuous or long-term high temperature, tobacco leaves not only denature chloroplast proteins , abnormal respiration, accumulation of a large number of harmful substances such as active oxygen, damage to the photosynthetic system, and at the same time a large amount of water loss through transpiration, abnormal physiological metabolism of leaves, accelerated aging, resulting in many yellow spots appearing on leaf tissues before they are mature, and browning soon, serious Affect the quality of tobacco leaves. The use of the high-temperature ripening prevention and control agent for flue-cured tobacco of the present invention, especially the use of polyamines and sodium nitroprusside, has been found through research that the exogenous NO produced by the decomposition of sodium nitroprusside after being absorbed by the leaves has the function of inducing stomata to close. Sodium peroxide decomposition products can increase the intensity of photosynthesis, and its demarcation products can undergo nitrosation reactions with active proteins in leaves, such as cysteine, and change their activity; while polyamines can inhibit the opening of stomata by inhibiting ion channels, and at the same time induce The rapid accumulation of NO in leaves ensures that NO has the ability to induce stomatal closure, and can enhance its antioxidant capacity. In this way, the function of polyamines to inhibit stomatal opening and exogenous NO to induce stomatal closure can be fully utilized to fully inhibit leaf respiration and transpiration. It can reduce the accumulation of harmful substances and the loss of leaf water, but the closure of stomata to a certain extent will reduce respiration and transpiration, and also inhibit photosynthesis. Experimental studies have shown that the spraying of sodium sulfite solution greatly reduces the The effect of the high temperature ripening effect on photosynthesis, the specific action principle may be: sodium sulfite has certain reducing properties, and can react with active oxygen in the leaves to reduce the content of active oxygen. On the other hand, sulfite in plants Under the action of salt reductase, it is converted into H ₂ S. H ₂ S can react with active oxygen and peroxide to reduce the oxidative damage in cells, especially the damage to chlorophyll; and H ₂ S can be produced by active proteins in leaves. The reaction, sulfhydrylation, activates the activity of antioxidant enzymes, strengthens the enzymes in the antioxidant system and ascorbic acid-glutathione circulation system, and coordinates with the nitrosylation of active proteins to ensure the intensity of photosynthesis.

Experimental studies have shown that the tobacco leaves sprayed with preventive and control agents can significantly reduce the premature aging, albinism, burns, and brown spots of the tobacco leaves in the field, and the physiological and quality indicators have been significantly improved (see the examples for details). Ripening occurs, improving the quality of tobacco leaves.

Preferably, the further technical solution is: the high temperature ripening prevention and control agent for flue-cured tobacco comprises the following components calculated by weight: 1-10 parts of polyamine, 1-10 parts of sodium nitroprusside and 2-5 parts of sodium sulfite. In this way, through appropriate deployment, the proportion of each component of the flue-cured tobacco high-temperature ripening prevention and control agent of the present invention is determined, the synergistic effect of each component is fully exerted, and the respiration and transpiration of tobacco leaves are suppressed as much as possible in a high-temperature environment. While maintaining the photosynthetic rate of tobacco leaves, reducing the accumulation of harmful substances and active oxygen in leaves, improving the ability to scavenge active oxygen in leaves, enhancing the physiological metabolic activity and stress resistance of tobacco plants, and improving the physiological and quality indicators of tobacco leaves.

A further technical solution is: the polyamine is one or more of putrescine, spermidine, spermine, putrescine hydrochloride, spermidine hydrochloride, and spermine hydrochloride.

A further technical solution is: the high-temperature ripening prevention and control agent for flue-cured tobacco includes the following components calculated in parts by weight: 100-300 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate effectively supplements phosphorus and potassium elements, enhances the physiological metabolic activity and stress resistance of tobacco plants in the later stage, and promotes the normal yellowing of leaves. At the same time, it can reduce alkali and increase potassium, inhibit nicotine synthesis, and promote potassium production. Absorption and accumulation, promoting parietal leaf opening, and improving chemical composition coordination of tobacco leaves.

A further technical solution is: the high-temperature ripening prevention and control agent for flue-cured tobacco comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of putrescine hydrochloride, 5 parts of sodium nitroprusside, 3 parts of sodium sulfite and 200 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Experimental research shows that after spraying the high-temperature ripening prevention and control agent of flue-cured tobacco with the above proportion components, the high-temperature ripening effect of tobacco plants is significantly weakened, and the premature aging, albinism, burn, brown spot and other phenomena of tobacco leaves are significantly improved.

A further technical solution is: the high-temperature ripening prevention and control agent for flue-cured tobacco also includes 0.5-3 parts by weight of cobalt chloride, 50-150 parts of calcium chloride and 2-5 parts of mannitol, wherein the Polyamine, sodium nitroprusside, sodium sulfite and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are component A, cobalt chloride, calcium chloride and mannitol are component B, and component A and component B are used separately. The use of calcium chloride can reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the leaves, especially at high temperature. The treatment of calcium chloride in the control agent can maintain or increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of antioxidant substances (such as ascorbic acid) in tobacco leaves. In order to enhance the scavenging ability of active oxygen and reduce the damage of active oxygen to photosynthetic institutions, at the same time, the transmembrane transport of Ca ²⁺ reduces the electrolyte extravasation rate of tobacco leaves, maintains the steady state balance of Ca ²⁺ in the cytoplasm, and Studies have shown that calcium chloride can also increase the activity of Rubisico activating enzymes in leaves, so even if the closure of leaf stomata is induced, it can also maintain a higher photosynthetic rate in tobacco leaves; experimental studies have shown that after spraying cobalt chloride solution, It can not only effectively inhibit the production of ethylene, but also increase the content of polyamines in leaves, effectively inhibit the increase of active oxygen levels, and also play a certain role in inhibiting the degradation of chlorophyll. The addition of mannitol can effectively Increase the activity of nitrate reductase, which is beneficial to catalyze () nitrite to form NO.

A further technical solution is: the high-temperature ripening prevention and control agent for flue-cured tobacco also includes 3-8 parts by weight of EDTA. Experimental studies have shown that nitrate reductase can be activated to a certain extent after leaves absorb EDTA molecules, and the inhibitory effect of high temperature and strong light on nitrate reductase can be alleviated.

Another aspect of the present invention also provides the application of any one of the above-mentioned high-temperature ripening prevention and control agents for flue-cured tobacco: mix the components of the high-temperature ripening prevention and control agent for flue-cured tobacco in proportion and dissolve them in water to obtain the dilution of the prevention and control agent Liquid, the mass ratio of the flue-cured tobacco high-temperature ripening prevention and control agent to water in the dilution of the prevention and control agent is 1:200～1000; Apply 1 to 3 times, and each time the dosage is 30 to 100 kg of control agent dilution/mu.

A further technical solution is: the mass ratio of the flue-cured tobacco high-temperature ripening prevention and control agent to water in the control agent dilution is 1:500, and the control agent dilution is used in the middle and late stages of tobacco plant growth and maturity. In the early stage, each foliage was sprayed once, and the interval between two sprays was 8 to 15 days.

A further technical solution is: first spray the mixed solution of the B component on the foliage of the tobacco plants in the middle and late stages of vigorous growth, each time the dosage is 30-100 kg per mu, and spray the above-mentioned component B for the first time after an interval of 2-5 days. The mixed solution of component A, spray the mixed solution of component A for the second time after an interval of 8 to 15 days, wherein, the mixed solution of component A is 30-100 kg per mu each time, and the mixed solution of component B The mass ratio of the total mass of component B to water in the solution is 1:300-800, and the mass ratio of the total mass of component A to water in the mixed solution of component A is 1:200-1000.

Spraying the mixed solution of component B first can effectively inhibit the increase in the level of active oxygen in the leaves of tobacco plants, and also play a certain role in inhibiting the degradation of chlorophyll. At the same time, it can increase the activity of nitrate reductase, which is beneficial to Sodium nitroprusside catalyzes the formation of NO.

A further technical solution is: first spray the mixed solution of the B component on the leaves of the tobacco plants in the middle and late stages of vigorous growth, each time the dosage is 60 kg per mu, and spray the A component for the first time after an interval of 3 days. Mix the solution, and spray the mixed solution of the A component for the second time after an interval of 10 days, wherein, the amount of the mixed solution of the A component is 70kg per mu, and the total mass of the B component in the B component mixed solution The mass ratio to water is 1:600, and the mass ratio of the total mass of component A to water in the mixed solution of component A is 1:800.

A further technical solution is: spray EDTA solution on the leaves of tobacco plants in the early stage of vigorous growth, with a dosage of 30-50 kg per mu each time, spray the mixed solution of component B after an interval of 2-5 days, and then spray the mixed solution of component B after an interval of 2-5 days. Spray the mixed solution of the A component for the first time, and then spray the mixed solution of the A component for the second time after an interval of 8 to 15 days, wherein the mass ratio of EDTA to water in the EDTA solution is 1: 100-300. Spray the EDTA solution first, and after the leaves are fully absorbed, the nitrate reductase is effectively activated, and then sprayed in the dilution containing sodium nitroprusside, which can fully decompose the absorbed sodium nitroprusside to release NO, and improve its effect .

Experimental studies have shown that after spraying the above-mentioned dilution of the control agent in the above-mentioned manner, the occurrence of high-temperature forced ripening of flue-cured tobacco can be effectively prevented, and the premature aging, albinism, burn, and brown spots of the tobacco leaves in the field are significantly reduced, and the physiological and quality indicators are significantly improved. , the use effect is remarkable, which can effectively improve the quality of tobacco leaves.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples to help better understand the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1

5 parts by weight of putrescine hydrochloride, 5 parts of sodium nitroprusside, and 3 parts of sodium sulfite are evenly mixed and dissolved in water to obtain a dilution of the control agent, wherein the quality of the control agent for high-temperature ripening of flue-cured tobacco and water is The ratio is 1:200, and the dilution of the preventive and control agent is sprayed once on each leaf surface of the tobacco plant in the middle and late stages of vigorous growth and the early stage of maturity. Liquid/mu.

Example 2

1 part by weight of putrescine, 10 parts of sodium nitroprusside, and 5 parts of sodium sulfite are evenly mixed and dissolved in water to obtain a dilution of the control agent, wherein the mass ratio of the high-temperature ripening control agent to water for flue-cured tobacco is 1 : 500, the dilution of the prevention and control agent is sprayed 1 time in the middle and late stages of the prosperous growth of tobacco plants and each leaf surface in the early stage of maturity, and the spraying interval of two successive times is 8 days, and each consumption is 30kg of dilution of the prevention and control agent/mu .

Example 3

10 parts by weight of putrescine, 1 part of sodium nitroprusside, and 2 parts of sodium sulfite are uniformly mixed and dissolved in water to obtain a dilution of the control agent, wherein the mass ratio of the high-temperature ripening control agent to water for flue-cured tobacco is 1 : 500, the dilution of the prevention and control agent is sprayed 1 time in the middle and late stages of the prosperous growth of tobacco plants and each leaf surface in the early stage of maturity, and the spraying interval of twice successively is 10 days, and each consumption is 50kg of the dilution of prevention and control agent/mu .

Example 4

10 parts by weight of putrescine, 8 parts of sodium nitroprusside, and 5 parts of sodium sulfite are uniformly mixed and dissolved in water to obtain a dilution of the control agent, wherein the mass ratio of the high-temperature ripening control agent to water for flue-cured tobacco is 1 : 1000, the control agent dilution is sprayed 1 time in the middle and late stages of the prosperous growth of tobacco plants and each foliage in the early stage of maturation, and the spraying interval of twice successively is 15 days, and each consumption is 50kg prevention and control agent dilution/mu .

Example 5

5 parts by weight of putrescine, 5 parts of sodium nitroprusside, 3 parts of sodium sulfite and 200 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are uniformly mixed and dissolved in water to obtain a dilution of the control agent, wherein the high-temperature ripening control agent for flue-cured tobacco The mass ratio with water is 1:600, and the dilution of the control agent is sprayed once on each leaf surface of the tobacco plant in the middle and late stages of vigorous growth and the early stage of maturity, and the interval between two sprays is 10 days, and the dosage is 70kg each time. Prevention and control agent dilution/mu.

Studies have shown that good results can be achieved when the mass content of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 100-300 parts.

Example 6

On the basis of Example 5, the mixed solution of the B component was first sprayed on the leaf surface of the vigorous growth of tobacco plants in the middle and later stages, and the mixed solution of the A component in Example 5 was sprayed for the first time after an interval of 3 days, and then Spray the mixed solution of described A component for the second time after interval 10 days, each dosage is 70kg prevention and control agent dilution/mu; Wherein, described B component comprises 2 parts of cobalt chloride, chlorine 100 parts of calcium chloride and 3 parts of mannitol, the mass ratio of the total mass of component B to water in the mixed solution of component B is 1:600.

Example 7

On the basis of Example 5, the mixed solution of the B component was first sprayed on the leaf surface of the vigorous growth of tobacco plants in the middle and later stages, and the mixed solution of the A component in Example 5 was sprayed for the first time after an interval of 5 days, and then After an interval of 10 days, spray the mixed solution of the A component for the second time, and the dosage of the above solution is 100 kg per mu; wherein, the B component includes 0.5 parts of cobalt chloride and 50 parts of calcium chloride in parts by weight. part and 5 parts of mannitol, the mass ratio of the total mass of component B to water in the mixed solution of component B is 1:300.

Example 8

On the basis of Example 5, the mixed solution of the B component was first sprayed on the leaf surface of the vigorous growth of tobacco plants in the middle and later stages, and the mixed solution of the A component in Example 5 was sprayed for the first time after an interval of 2 days, and then After an interval of 10 days, spray the mixed solution of the A component for the second time, and the dosage of the above solution is 30 kg per mu; wherein, the B component includes 3 parts by weight of cobalt chloride, calcium chloride 150 part and 2 parts of mannitol, the mass ratio of the total mass of component B to water in the mixed solution of component B is 1:1000.

On the basis of Examples 1 to 4, the mixed solution of the B component can be sprayed on the leaves of the tobacco plants in the middle and late stages of vigorous growth, and the A component solution in Examples 1 to 4 can be sprayed after a few days interval. Studies have shown that better results can also be achieved.

Example 9

On the basis of Example 6, the EDTA solution was sprayed on the foliage of the tobacco plant in the early stage of vigorous growth, and the dosage each time was 40 kg per mu, and the B component mixed solution described in Example 6 was sprayed after an interval of 3 days. The mass ratio of EDTA to water in the EDTA solution is 1:200, and EDTA accounts for 5 parts by weight of the high-temperature ripening prevention and control agent for flue-cured tobacco.

Example 10

On the basis of Example 6, the EDTA solution was sprayed on the foliage of the tobacco plant in the early stage of vigorous growth, and each dosage was 30 kg per mu, and the B component mixed solution described in Example 6 was sprayed after 2 days interval, wherein, the The mass ratio of EDTA to water in the EDTA solution is 1:100, and EDTA accounts for 3 parts by weight of the high-temperature ripening prevention and control agent for flue-cured tobacco.

Example 11

On the basis of Example 6, the EDTA solution was sprayed on the foliage of the tobacco plant in the early stage of vigorous growth, and the dosage was 50 kg per mu, and the mixed solution of B component described in Example 6 was sprayed after an interval of 5 days. The mass ratio of EDTA to water in the EDTA solution is 1:300, and EDTA accounts for 8 parts by weight of the high-temperature ripening prevention and control agent for flue-cured tobacco.

The experimental results show that under the above-mentioned embodiment, the high-temperature forced ripening of flue-cured tobacco is effectively suppressed, the premature senescence, albinism, burn, and brown spots of the tobacco leaves in the field are significantly reduced, the physiological and quality indicators are significantly improved, and the quality of the tobacco leaves is significantly improved. The effect is remarkable.

comparative example

Except that what sprayed is the water that does not add prevention and control agent, other conditions are with embodiment 1.

As shown in Tables 1 to 3, the physiological and quality indicators of the tobacco leaves sprayed with preventive and control agents are significantly improved, and the use effect is remarkable.

Table 1 Effects of high-temperature ripening control agents on the pigment content of flue-cured tobacco leaves (determined at maturity)

Table 2 Effects of high-temperature ripening control agents for flue-cured tobacco on photosynthesis of tobacco leaves (determination of maturity period)

Table 3 Effects of high temperature ripening control agents on the chemical components of flue-cured tobacco leaves

The above-mentioned embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, Simplifications should be equivalent replacement methods, and all are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of flue-cured tobacco high temperature forces ripe prevention and control agent, which is characterized in that including following component：Polyamines, sodium nitroprussiate, sodium sulfite, phosphorus Acid dihydride potassium, and 50~150 parts of 0.5~3 part of cobalt chloride, the calcium chloride and 2~5 parts of mannitol that calculate by weight, wherein The polyamines, sodium nitroprussiate, sodium sulfite and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are component A, and the cobalt chloride, calcium chloride and mannitol are B component, The component A is used separately with B component.

2. flue-cured tobacco high temperature according to claim 1 forces ripe prevention and control agent, which is characterized in that as follows including what is calculated by weight Component：2~5 parts of 1~10 part of polyamines, 1~10 part of sodium nitroprussiate and sodium sulfite.

3. flue-cured tobacco high temperature according to claim 2 forces ripe prevention and control agent, which is characterized in that the polyamines be putrescine, spermidine, It is one or more in spermine, putrescine hydrochloride, spermidine hydrochloride, spermine hydrochloride.

4. flue-cured tobacco high temperature according to claim 3 forces ripe prevention and control agent, which is characterized in that as follows including what is calculated by weight Component：100~300 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

5. flue-cured tobacco high temperature according to claim 3 forces ripe prevention and control agent, which is characterized in that as follows including what is calculated by weight Component：200 parts of 5 parts of putrescine hydrochloride, 5 parts of sodium nitroprussiate, 3 parts of sodium sulfite and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

6. the flue-cured tobacco high temperature described in Claims 1 to 5 any one forces the application of ripe prevention and control agent, which is characterized in that prosperous in cigarette strain Long middle and later periods blade face first sprays the mixed solution of the B component, each dosage be 30~100kg per acre, interval is the after 2~5 days The mixed solution of the component A is once sprayed, then is spaced the mixed solution for spraying the component A after 8~15 days for the second time, In, each dosage of mixed solution of component A be 30~100kg per acre, the gross mass and water of B component in the mixed solution of B component Mass ratio be 1:300~800, the mass ratio of the gross mass of component A and water is 1 in the mixed solution of component A:200~1000.

7. flue-cured tobacco high temperature according to claim 6 forces the application of ripe prevention and control agent, which is characterized in that in the cigarette strain prosperous long middle and later periods Blade face first sprays the mixed solution of the B component, and per acre for 60kg, interval sprays the component A to each dosage for the first time after 3 days Mixed solution, then be spaced the mixed solution for spraying the component A after 10 days for the second time, wherein the mixed solution of component A is each Per acre for 70kg, the mass ratio of the gross mass of B component and water is 1 to dosage in the mixed solution of B component:600, the mixing of component A The mass ratio of the gross mass of component A and water is 1 in solution:800.