CN107121172B - simple method for measuring underground water burial depth by using height of dominant species poplar - Google Patents
simple method for measuring underground water burial depth by using height of dominant species poplar Download PDFInfo
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- CN107121172B CN107121172B CN201710311806.6A CN201710311806A CN107121172B CN 107121172 B CN107121172 B CN 107121172B CN 201710311806 A CN201710311806 A CN 201710311806A CN 107121172 B CN107121172 B CN 107121172B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simple method for measuring underground water buried depth by using dominant species of poplar tree height, which comprises the steps of selecting common species of poplar which has small human interference, highest height, largest breast diameter and healthier growth near an underground water point as a measuring object in Yili area of Xinjiang; measuring the tree height of the selected object by using a height measuring instrument; substituting the tree height into a model which is constructed based on a water limitation tree potential tree height hypothesis and a water physiological theory and utilizes the tree height to invert the underground water burial depth; and calculating the underground water burial depth of the place where the measuring object is located in the model. The method and the experimental equipment are simple, convenient to carry, simple and easy to operate and accurate in measuring result, and can be conveniently applied to underground water buried depth measurement in the field, village and other environments.
Description
Technical Field
the invention belongs to the technical field of water resource utilization and protection, and relates to a simple method for measuring underground water buried depth by using dominant species of poplar, in particular to a simple method for measuring underground water buried depth by using dominant species of poplar in Yili in Xinjiang.
Background
The underground water is an important component of water resources, is an important water source of domestic water, agricultural water and industrial water in China, and plays a significant role in the water circulation process. The underground water burial depth directly determines the utilization form of shallow water resources and the survival and death of ecological service resources. At present, the methods for measuring the underground water burial depth mainly comprise: in the field, "drill hole" measurements, in villages or populated areas "electrical measurements" and "chime" measurements. Among the 3 common methods, although the method 1 has high measurement accuracy, the method is designed for field professional industrial materials, has complex procedures and long time consumption, not only seriously damages the earth surface, but also impairs the stability of the underground water system structure; in the latter two methods, although simple, the method must be established on the basis of 'motor-pumped wells' in villages or residential areas, the 'motor-pumped wells' are extremely serious in pollution to underground water resources and damage the long-term utilization benefit of water resources, and the 'motor-pumped wells' are not advocated for protecting surface ecology and surface water resources nowadays. Therefore, it is very urgent to develop a method for measuring the underground water burial depth by using the characteristics of plants without destroying the ecological structure and water resources of the earth surface.
Based on the water-limited tree height hypothesis (see fig. 1) and plant water physiology theory (see fig. 2), there is a significant negative correlation between groundwater burial depth and its potential maximum tree height for the same species in a region. Therefore, on the basis of the acquisition of a large amount of sample data, a model reflecting the relation between the potential maximum tree height of the plant and the underground water burial depth is constructed, and the model can be used for simply measuring the underground water burial depth. The method completes the work, recovers and continuously utilizes the water resource, avoids the damage to the surface ecological structure in the underground water burial depth observation process, promotes the circulation and development of water ecology, improves the economic and social benefits of the water resource and the like, and has important value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simple method for measuring the underground water buried depth by using the height of a dominant poplar, aiming at the defects of the existing underground water level measuring technology and the protection of water resources.
the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a simple method for measuring underground water burial depth by using the height of a dominant species poplar comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting common poplar seeds with small human interference, highest height, largest chest diameter and most healthy growth near an underground water point as measurement objects in Yili area of Xinjiang;
Step 2, measuring the tree height of the selected object by using a height measuring instrument;
step 3, substituting the tree height into a model which is constructed on the basis of a potential tree height hypothesis of the water-limited tree and a physiological theory of water and utilizes the tree height to invert the underground water burial depth;
And 4, calculating the underground water burial depth of the place where the measuring object is located in the model.
Further, the aspens to be measured in step 1 were individuals whose height was limited by water and whose height could no longer grow.
Further, the height measuring instrument in step 2 measures the height based on ultrasonic waves.
Further, the specific operation method of the height measuring instrument in the step 2 comprises the following steps: firstly, fixing the positions of a 360-degree adapter and T3 by using a height measuring scale, pressing an ON key to start a Vertex IV and align the Vertex IV with T3, long-pressing the ON key until a red cross mark disappears, loosening the ON key, and recording the distance, the angle and the horizontal distance between a measuring point and the position of T3 by the Vertex IV; and finally, aligning the high object with the red cross mark in the view-finding frame, pressing an ON key until the red cross mark disappears, and displaying the measured height value ON a display screen for recording.
Further, the model in the step 3 is an optimal model screened out by synthesizing the four models based on a tree height and underground water burial depth relation model, a crown area and underground water burial depth relation model, a plant volume and underground water burial depth relation model and a tree height and underground water burial depth relation model in unit area.
Further, in step 3, the model isThe fitting result, R2＝0.705(P<0.0001), in the model, y is the underground water buried depth (m); and x is the height (m) of the poplar.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
In view of the theory of the water limitation tree height and the water physiology theory, the invention has sufficient argument; the method has the advantages that the measurement object is the dominant species of the poplar, and the method is widely distributed, so the method can be conveniently applied; the measuring process and the equipment are simple and easy to operate, have high timeliness, do not need to damage the surface structure, have certain protection effect on the ecological structure and the underground water, and can ensure the water ecological cycle and the water resource persistence; the model is constructed on the basis of sampling data covering all Ili areas, and the credibility is high; the model is selected preferentially from a plurality of models, and the result is accurate. Therefore, in the Yili area of Xinjiang, the model can be used for effectively estimating the buried depth of the underground water.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a water limiting tree height hypothesis;
FIG. 2 is theory of water physiology;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an application of the height measuring instrument;
FIG. 4 is a fitted data plot and results of estimating a groundwater burial depth model based on tree heights reflecting potential maximum tree heights;
FIG. 5 is a plot of fit data and results for an estimated groundwater burial depth model based on the coronal area reflecting the potential maximum tree height;
FIG. 6 is a fitted data plot and results of an estimated groundwater burial model based on plant volume (tree height x crown width) reflecting potential maximum tree height;
FIG. 7 is a fitted data plot and results of estimating a groundwater burial depth model based on tree height (tree height/breast diameter) per unit area reflecting the potential maximum tree height.
Detailed Description
the technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The method theory of the invention is based on the measurement of tree height, and combines the theory of water limit tree height and the physiological theory of water, namely: when the trees grow, the roots absorb water and transport the water to photosynthetic organs on the leaves for photosynthesis to provide substances and energy for growth; however, since the risk of cavity formation embolism increases with increasing height due to simultaneous gravity and water transport resistance, the plant water transport height cannot be increased indefinitely, in which case, when only ground water is available for a regional plant and the ground water is buried deep and fixed, the plant has a height limited by water, namely: the height of the plant at the longest distance that the plant water is transported from the root to the leaf, or the height at which the plant can no longer grow vertically, or referred to as the potential maximum height of the tree (see fig. 1). The ground water burial depth determines the potential maximum height of the tree. Discussed from another aspect, groundwater burial depth is inversely related to the potential maximum tree height of the plant, namely: the water transport distance of plants can be divided into underground transport distance and ground transport distance (tree height), when underground water is buried deeply, the water transport distance of trees under the ground is increased, so that the water on the ground cannot be transported to a higher position, namely the potential maximum tree height of the plants is reduced/the plants are shorter; conversely, when the ground water is shallow, the trees will have a shorter distance to transport water underground, allowing water to be transported to a higher location-the potential maximum increase in tree height per plant is higher (see fig. 2). In addition, since the potential maximum tree height is only a theoretical value, it is difficult to define and measure in the field, and the potential maximum tree height can be generally expressed by the tree height, the crown area, the plant volume, the tree height per unit area of the highest plant individual grown in a certain place. Therefore, the relationship between the potential maximum tree height and the groundwater burial depth can be also simulated by using the relationship between the tree height, the crown area, the plant volume (crown area x tree height), the tree height per unit area (tree height/breast diameter), and the like, and the groundwater burial depth. In the invention, the underground water burial depth is estimated by more than one index one by one, and an optimal inversion model is further selected.
a simple method for measuring underground water burial depth by using the height of a dominant species poplar comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting common poplar seeds with small human interference, highest height, largest chest diameter and most healthy growth near an underground water point as measurement objects in Yili area of Xinjiang;
Step 2, measuring the tree height of the selected object by using a height measuring instrument;
step 3, substituting the tree height into a model which is constructed on the basis of a potential tree height hypothesis of the water-limited tree and a physiological theory of water and utilizes the tree height to invert the underground water burial depth;
And 4, calculating the underground water burial depth of the place where the measuring object is located in the model.
Further, the aspens to be measured in step 1 were individuals whose height was limited by water and whose height could no longer grow.
further, the height measuring instrument (see fig. 3) in step 2 measures the height based on ultrasonic waves, which is accurate and convenient.
further, the specific operation flow of the height measuring instrument in step 2 (see fig. 3): firstly, fixing the positions of a 360-degree adapter and T3 by using a height measuring scale, pressing an ON key to start a Vertex IV and align the Vertex IV with T3, long-pressing the ON key until a red cross mark disappears, loosening the ON key, and recording the distance, the angle and the horizontal distance between a measuring point and the position of T3 by the Vertex IV; and finally, aligning the high object with the red cross mark in the view-finding frame, pressing an ON key until the red cross mark disappears, and displaying the measured height value ON a display screen for recording.
Further, the model in step 3 is an optimal model screened by synthesizing the four models based on a tree height and groundwater burial depth relationship model (see fig. 4), a crown area and groundwater burial depth relationship model (see fig. 5), a plant volume (tree height × crown area) and groundwater burial depth relationship model (see fig. 6), a tree height per unit area (tree height/breast diameter) and groundwater burial depth relationship model (see fig. 7).
Further, in step 3, the model isthe fitting result, R2＝0.705(P<0.0001) (see fig. 4), in the model, y is the groundwater depth (m); and x is the height (m) of the poplar.
Firstly, a grid sampling method is utilized in Yili area of Xinjiang, and 54 points are uniformly distributed to measure the buried depth of underground water. Secondly, within 100m of each underground water measuring point, taking the dominant species poplar in Ili region as an object, randomly selecting 3 plants (162 plants in total), measuring the height, crown breadth and breast diameter by using tools such as a height measuring instrument, a tape measure and the like, and further converting the height, crown breadth area, plant volume (crown breadth area multiplied by tree height) and tree height in unit areahigh (tree height/breast diameter). Then, based on the water limit tree height hypothesis and the water physiological theory, the underground water burial depth is respectively fitted with the indexes, and a model with the best fitting degree is selected for inverting the underground water burial depth of the Ili region. In the present invention, the fit between the groundwater depth and the height of the poplar is best (see fig. 4), i.e.: in Yili area of Xinjiang, use(R2＝0.705，P<0.001) [ y is groundwater burial depth (m); x is the height (m) of poplar tree]Can be inverted well to realize the underground water burial depth. The model is constructed based on a large amount of data, and the fitting degree of the model to the underground water buried depth is higher (R) through preferential and precision inspection2＝0.705，P<0.001)。
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions that can be obviously obtained by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A simple method for measuring the underground water burial depth by using the height of a dominant species poplar,
Step 1, selecting common poplar seeds with small human interference, highest height, largest chest diameter and most healthy growth near an underground water point as measurement objects in Yili area of Xinjiang;
Step 2, measuring the tree height of the selected object by using a height measuring instrument;
Step 3, substituting the tree height into a model which is constructed on the basis of a potential tree height hypothesis of the water-limited tree and a physiological theory of water and utilizes the tree height to invert the underground water burial depth;
Step 4, calculating the underground water burial depth of the place where the measuring object is located in the model;
In the step 1, the poplar as the measurement object is an individual with the height limited by water and no longer capable of growing;
The height measuring instrument in the step 2 measures the height based on ultrasonic waves;
the specific operation method of the height measuring instrument in the step 2 comprises the following steps: firstly, fixing the positions of a 360-degree adapter and T3 by using a height measuring scale, pressing an ON key to start a Vertex IV and align the Vertex IV with T3, long-pressing the ON key until a red cross mark disappears, loosening the ON key, and recording the distance, the angle and the horizontal distance between a measuring point and the position of T3 by the Vertex IV; finally, aligning the high object with the red cross mark in the view-finding frame, pressing an ON key until the red cross mark disappears, and displaying the measured height value ON a display screen for recording;
the model in the step 3 is an optimal model screened out by synthesizing four models based on a tree height and underground water burial depth relation model, a crown area and underground water burial depth relation model, a plant volume and underground water burial depth relation model and a tree height and underground water burial depth relation model in unit area;
In step 3, the model isThe fitting result, R2＝0.705，P<0.0001, in the model, y is the underground water buried depth (m); x is the height (m) of poplar tree, wherein R2the values are goodness-of-fit indices, and the P-value is the lowest confidence level of model fitting.
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Citations (3)
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| CN102819047A (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2012-12-12 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Method and system for obtaining relation between groundwater and natural vegetation system |
| CN102930162A (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2013-02-13 | 南京信息工程大学 | Method for estimating ground water reasonable buried depth of planted forest |
| CN104867180A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-08-26 | 南京林业大学 | UAV and LiDAR integrated forest stand characteristic inversion method |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102819047A (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2012-12-12 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Method and system for obtaining relation between groundwater and natural vegetation system |
| CN102930162A (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2013-02-13 | 南京信息工程大学 | Method for estimating ground water reasonable buried depth of planted forest |
| CN104867180A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-08-26 | 南京林业大学 | UAV and LiDAR integrated forest stand characteristic inversion method |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 塔里木河不同断面胡杨径向生长对水分响应的研究;刘海兰;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 农业科技辑》;20160215(第2期);40-41页 * |
| 新疆塔里木河下游胡杨树高生长量及其空间分布研究;玉米提.哈力克 等;《干旱区资源与环境》;20080531;第22卷(第5期);187-191页 * |
| 遥感反演地下水位方法的比较研究;叶欣 等;《工程勘察》;20110531(第5期);91-95页 * |
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