CN107831501A - A kind of method of ground laser radar simulation angle gauge measure Stand Volume - Google Patents
A kind of method of ground laser radar simulation angle gauge measure Stand Volume Download PDFInfo
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- CN107831501A CN107831501A CN201711031482.7A CN201711031482A CN107831501A CN 107831501 A CN107831501 A CN 107831501A CN 201711031482 A CN201711031482 A CN 201711031482A CN 107831501 A CN107831501 A CN 107831501A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
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Abstract
The present invention is the method on forest inventory investigation, entitled《A kind of method of ground laser radar simulation angle gauge measure Stand Volume》.The invention obtains standing forest cloud data by instrument of ground laser radar, identify the cloud data and terrain data of individual plant trees, extract the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of individual plant trees, according to the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, sample radius of circle, relation between basal area factor, the judgement for counting wooden strain number is made, and the average accumulation of the standing forest per hectare is calculated according to formula.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is the method on forest inventory investigation, especially with regard to a kind of ground laser radar simulation angle gauge measure
The method of Stand Volume.
Background technology
Stand is to identify the leading indicator of forest quantity.The size of unit stock volume indicates PRODUCTIVITY OF FOREST SOIL
The effect of height and Operation Measures.In addition, in the forest reserves, economic use value maximum is still timber resources.Therefore, woods
The measure for dividing accumulation is one of Stand investigation main purpose, and it utilizes for orest management and felling and provide important quantity foundation.
The method for determining stand is a lot, can generally be divided into measurement method and the major class of ocular estimate two.Measurement method can be divided into entirely again
Woods is surveyed and local actual measurement.In real work, full woods measurement method is time consuming, only in the small cutting area of standing forest area and section
Just used in the case of learning the special requirements such as experiment.Local measurement method is most commonly used that in forest culture and management work, i.e., according to investigation mesh
The normal stand using typical sampling surveyed, then expand the accumulation for calculating full standing forest by area ratio.To cladding, mix
Hand over, uneven aged forest point, woods layer, seeds, generation at age, origin should be distinguished, carry out Actual measurement.The method that actual measurement determines stand
Mean sample tree method, number table method etc. can be divided into again, ocular estimate can be estimated by the use of assize instrument and assize number table as supplementary means
Stand, or rule of thumb directly estimate.
Angle gauge (angle gauge) is the inventory of stand instrument formed with certain visual angle.Using when, exist according to set visual angle
Forest can few in number is selectively measured in standing forest and expeditiously determines relevant stand description factors, such as standing forest list
Plane accumulates basal area, and then can calculate Stand Volume by formula.Angle gauge survey scientific discovery causes the whole world
The extensive attention of assize scholars and great interest.Over more than 50 years, by the extensive use and further research of countries in the world, angle
Principle, method and instrument, the instrument of rule assize have constantly developed and perfect, formd now angle gauge survey it is a set of solely
Erection system, and be used widely.Angle gauge survey theory is rigorous, and method is simple, as long as being operated in strict accordance with technical requirements,
Just satisfied investigation result can be obtained.Therefore, angle gauge survey is a kind of efficient, accurate determination techniques.But angle gauge determines standing forest
Average accumulation still suffers from many problems：
1. traditional angle gauge does not have data storage function and numerical monitor, data recording fashion can only rely on traditional papery
Hand-kept, error in reading is big, and data recording fashion falls behind, and not easy to maintain, interior industry data need to manually enter.
2. due to landform, the influence of understory shrub, the sight of people can not be aimed at accurately at trunk 1.3m, micro- so as to produce
Difference.
3. the error caused by the gradient.Traditional instrument is suitable on level land, in slope in use, can only roughly enter
The overall gradient correction of row, and it is cumbersome to every plant of counting wood progress gradient correction, and workload is big.
4. length traditional angle gauge duty cycle, efficiency is low, low precision, far can not adapt to the forest reserves and ecological environment
Monitoring requirements.
Therefore, inevitably brought very using traditional angle gauge measure Stand Volume during forest inventory investigation
More troubles and error.The present invention uses high-precision measuring instrument-ground laser radar, the data that simple field operation obtains it is various
Effectively processing, reach simplified field operation measurement, the system model of intelligent office work management.The instrument incorporates measurement of coordinates, coordinate
Setting-out, area measurement, cubing, single wood meter measure, count a variety of interior industry processing functions such as measurement, angle gauge measurement in one sample
Body, the General Promotion speed of data processing, intelligence degree.
The content of the invention
The method of the average accumulation of ground laser radar simulation angle gauge measure standing forest per hectare, first in standing forest, chooses
Observation station, ground laser radar is set up, and its centering is flattened, angle gauge point of the observation station as simulation angle gauge observation, to woods
Divide and carry out 360 ° of horizontal windings surveys, the cloud data got is imported in data processing software, the point of artificial extraction individual plant trees
Cloud data and landform cloud data, wherein any point point cloud coordinate are Pi (xi, yi, zi), if a certain individual plant trees Zi values are most
Small is Zmin, extraction Zi values scope 1.2≤| Zi-Zmin | the point cloud between≤1.4, and projection is to Zi=1.3 level
Face, x in the plane is extracted, y smallest points are Pmin (Xmin, Ymin, 1.3), and x, y maximum points are Pmax (Xmax, Ymax, 1.3),
Then the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground D of the individual plant trees is：(Xmax+Ymax-Xmin-Ymin)/2, then according to trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground D, sample radius of circle R and disconnected
Relation between area coefficient Fg is：D/R=Fg, the real standard distance (S) of point, root are advised by diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground DBH and trees elongation
According to the Fg of selection, sample radius of circle (R) can be calculated, then the magnitude relationship of visual S and R values, which can make, counts sentencing for wooden strain number
It is fixed, i.e.,
When
S<R is calculated as 1 plant
S=R is calculated as 0.5 plant
S>R is not counted
Basal area G=Fg*Zj, wherein Zj are total strain number.
Footpath rank value where the diameter of wood is then counted according to angle gauge, by finding corresponding footpath stepped high level generation in single entry volume table
Replace.
This invention has advantages below compared with the conventional method：
(1) precision of related forest data is substantially increased, because this research employs high-precision instrument of surveying and mapping --- ground
Face laser radar has the raising of the order of magnitude as metadata acquisition tool, more traditional tree survey method precision, and the data being achieved in that are made
For the data source of standing forest management volume, mean height, the precision of these data is necessarily greatly improved；
(2) operating efficiency of forest resource monitoring is significantly improved, in traditional forest inventory investigation, survey data needs pen
Note, and coordinate calculator to be calculated, this has researched and developed assize software, it is possible to achieve the real-time collection of standing forest Monitoring Data,
Processing and preservation, complete whole monitoring process, substantially increase the automaticity of field work；
(3) noninvasive measurement to trees is realized, conventional method is generally all taken bottom class's normal wood and does analytic tree
Approach, intricate operation, and forest is damaged.Trees are measured by ground laser radar, without cuting down forest and climbing tree, no
Have that any infringement can is automatic, obtains factors of enumeration in real time to forest.This for current China it is honest push capable forest can
Going concern policy is particularly important.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is angle gauge survey general principle.
Relation sets up sample circle in proportion, then when trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground d is 10cm (D1), corresponding sample radius of circle R1 is 5m, all
Trunk center is from the trunk that diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground d of the horizontal range within 5m of sampling point is 10cm, because in sample circle, often having one plant to set just
Equivalent to the basal area that per hectare has lm2, having two plants of trees to be equivalent to per hectare has 2m2 basal area.It is horizontal away from
Just equal to 5m, countable is 0.5 plant, has 0.5m2 basal areas equivalent to per hectare.Similarly, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground d is 20cm (D2)
Trunk, its corresponding sample radius of circle R2 should be 10m, and the level of all trunk centre distance sampling points is away from the d=20cm's within 10m
Trunk counts, and not counting beyond 10m, is just counted as 0.5 plant for 10m.The rest may be inferred for remaining.
Fig. 2 is that 360 ° of horizontal windings measure intention
Observation station (sampling point center) is chosen in standing forest, sets up ground laser radar, the observation station is seen as simulation angle gauge
The angle gauge point of survey, 360 ° of horizontal windings are carried out to standing forest and surveyed, to obtain the cloud data of standing forest and landform.
Fig. 3 is to count the schematic diagram that wooden strain number judges
By the real standard distance (S) of trees elongation rule point, according to the Fg of selection, sample radius of circle (R) can be calculated, then
Visual S and the magnitude relationship of R values can make the judgement for counting wooden strain number.
Specific implementation method
It is different from existing method based on ground laser radar Stand Volume method, it is characterized in particular in：
1 chooses observation station in standing forest, sets up ground laser radar, the observation station is as the angle gauge point for simulating vertical angle gauge
O, the horizontal winding for using ground laser radar to carry out 360 ° to standing forest at angle gauge point are surveyed, and the cloud data got is imported into number
According in processing software, individual plant tree point cloud and topographic(al) point cloud are manually extracted.
2. setting wherein any point point cloud coordinate as Pi (xi, yi, zi), then the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground D of the individual plant trees is：(Xmax+
Ymax-Xmin-Ymin)/2, then according to trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground D, the relation between sample radius of circle R and basal area factor Fg is：D/R=
Fg, the real standard distance (S) of point is advised by diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground DBH and trees elongation, according to the Fg of selection, sample radius of circle can be calculated
(R), then visual S and the magnitude relationship of R values can make the judgement for counting wooden strain number
Work as S<R is calculated as 1 plant
S=R is calculated as 0.5 plant
S>R is not counted
A 3. footpath rank value where the diameter wooden according to angle gauge counting, by finding the stepped high level in corresponding footpath in single entry volume table
Instead of.
4. calculate per hectare stand.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of method of the average accumulation of ground laser radar simulation angle gauge measure standing forest per hectare, it is characterized in that：With ground
Laser radar is that instrument obtains standing forest cloud data, identifies the cloud data and terrain data of individual plant trees, extracts individual plant trees
The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, according to the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, sample radius of circle, the relation between basal area factor, and according to formula：Calculate
The average accumulation of the standing forest per hectare.
2. based on the method for the average accumulation of measure standing forest per hectare described in right 1, it is characterized in that：In standing forest, choose and see
Measuring point, ground laser radar is set up, and its centering is flattened, angle gauge point of the observation station as simulation angle gauge observation, to standing forest
Carry out 360 ° of horizontal windings to survey, the cloud data got is imported in data processing software, the artificial point cloud for extracting individual plant trees
Data and landform cloud data, wherein any point point cloud coordinate are Pi (Xi, Yi, Zi), if a certain individual plant trees Zi values are minimum
For Zmin, extraction Zi values scope 1.2≤| Zi-Zmin | the point cloud between≤1.4, and projection is to Zi=1.3 horizontal plane,
X in the plane is extracted, Y smallest points are Pmin (Xmin, Ymin, 1.3), and X, Y maximum points are Pmax (Xmax, Ymax, 1.3), then
The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of the individual plant trees is：Formula (Xmax+Ymax-Xmin-Ymin)/2
Then according to trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground D, the relation between sample radius of circle R and basal area factor Fg is：D/R=Fg, by the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and
The real standard distance (S) of trees elongation rule point, according to the Fg of selection, can calculate sample radius of circle (R), then visual S and R values
Magnitude relationship makes the judgement for counting wooden strain number, then footpath rank value where the diameter of wood is counted according to angle gauge, by single entry volume table
Find the stepped high level in corresponding footpath to replace, then according to angle gauge control scaling formulaPer hectare standing forest is calculated to store
Product, when setting n angle gauge control scaling point in standing forest, according to formulaCalculate per hectare standing forest
Accumulation.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN109164461A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2019-01-08 | 北京林业大学 | A method of leaf rate is lost using single station ground laser radar point cloud data pro form bill wood |
| CN112861336A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-05-28 | 中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所 | Virtual simulation method for measuring forest stand section area by angle gauge |
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| CN112861336A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-05-28 | 中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所 | Virtual simulation method for measuring forest stand section area by angle gauge |
| CN112861336B (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2023-07-25 | 中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所 | Virtual simulation method for determining forest breaking area by angle gauge |
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