CN107119243B - The method for realizing inner structural wall nanosizing based on ultrasonic wave added mixing yoghurt - Google Patents
The method for realizing inner structural wall nanosizing based on ultrasonic wave added mixing yoghurt Download PDFInfo
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- CN107119243B CN107119243B CN201710355917.7A CN201710355917A CN107119243B CN 107119243 B CN107119243 B CN 107119243B CN 201710355917 A CN201710355917 A CN 201710355917A CN 107119243 B CN107119243 B CN 107119243B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 235000013618 yogurt Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/04—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering with simultaneous application of supersonic waves, magnetic or electric fields
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
Based on the method that ultrasonic wave added mixing yoghurt realizes inner structural wall nanosizing, belong to mixing yoghurt technical field.Including:Cylindrical structure to be processed is lain in a horizontal plane on fixture and clamping fixes, the amplitude transformer of ultrasonic transducer is arranged perpendicular to cylindrical structure outer wall;Select stirring tool, enable stirring tool perpendicular to horizontal plane, aclinal, and with cylindrical structure coaxial line, the preposition shaft shoulder rotates with stirring-head, and postposition is fixed the shaft shoulder and do not rotated;It enables stirring-head penetrate cylindrical structure, the amplitude transformer of ultrasonic transducer is enabled to be moved with stirring-head;Head to be mixed is preheated completely into cylindrical structure, is then processed along cylindrical structure axis direction;Stirring tool includes that grip shank, changeover portion, stirring-head, the preposition shaft shoulder and postposition fix the shaft shoulder, and grip shank is fixedly connected by changeover portion with the rear end of stirring-head, and the front end of stirring-head is fixedly connected with the preposition shaft shoulder;Changeover portion diameter is less than stirring-head diameter, and postposition is fixed the shaft shoulder and is sleeved on outside changeover portion.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mixing yoghurt technical fields, and ultrasonic wave added mixing yoghurt is based on more particularly to one kind
The method for realizing inner structural wall nanosizing.This method can realize that cast member, such as the surface of cast aluminium are modified, and it is whole to greatly improve material
The performance of body.
Background technology
Surface mechanical processing nanosizing is to realize an important method of material surface nanosizing, refers to loading loading outside
Under multiple effect, material surface open grain structure is gradually refined by intense plastic strain until nanoscale.The common method used
It is:Surface mechanical attrition/ultrasonic shot peening, rotation roll-in, supersonic microparticle bombardment etc..Mixing yoghurt (Friction stir
Processing, FSP) it is to be proposed by doctor Mishra in the U.S., it is modified the method with crystal grain refinement for Fine Texture of Material,
Cause the severe plastic deformation of machining area material, mixing, broken using stirring-head, realize Fine Texture of Material refinement,
Homogenization and densification, and then reach micron order, nanoscale.Currently, this processing technology is closed in aluminium alloy or magnesium
Application is achieved in terms of the material surface modifying of gold etc..But traditional mixing yoghurt needs mixing needle perpendicular to waiting for welding zone
Domain is rotationally advancing and is processed, and is only applied to tablet, curved-surface structure outer surface at present.Although being stretched using devices such as mechanical arms
Enter cylindrical inside vertically to process, but is also limited by structure size.Therefore, it is necessary to a kind of simple, easy, cylinder knot can be realized
The mixing yoghurt new method of structure inner-wall material nanosizing.
Invention content
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of can carry out surface modification to cylindrical structure inner surface
The method for realizing inner structural wall nanosizing based on ultrasonic wave added mixing yoghurt.This method can solve traditional agitating friction and add
Inner-wall material nanosizing may be implemented in the problem of work needs mixing needle to be processed perpendicular to material surface;And Beater operator is signed an undertaking
Structure is simple, and operation is easy, greatly improves work efficiency.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:One kind being based on ultrasonic wave added mixing yoghurt
The method for realizing inner structural wall nanosizing, includes the following steps:
Step 1:Cylindrical structure to be processed is lain in a horizontal plane on fixture and clamping fixes, the fixture is in cylinder knot
Structure outer wall has support, the amplitude transformer of ultrasonic transducer is arranged perpendicular to cylindrical structure outer wall, and form circumference array;
Step 2:Stirring-head diameter 0.4~1 millimeter of stirring tool bigger than cylindrical structure inner diameter is selected, it is preposition
Shaft shoulder diameter is equal to cylindrical structure inner diameter, and it is 0.2~0.6 millimeter bigger than stirring-head diameter that postposition fixes shaft shoulder diameter;
Step 3:Grip shank is fixedly connected with the live spindle of friction stir welding machine, postposition is fixed into the shaft shoulder and stirring
Friction-welding machine is connected;Enable stirring tool perpendicular to horizontal plane, aclinal, and with cylindrical structure coaxial line, the preposition shaft shoulder is with stirring
Head rotation is mixed, postposition is fixed the shaft shoulder and do not rotated;Enable stirring-head with the speed of 500~3000 revs/min of rotating speed, 3~5 millis m/min
Cylindrical structure is penetrated, the amplitude transformer of ultrasonic transducer is enabled to be moved with stirring-head, the ultrasonic frequency vibratory of the ultrasonic transducer
For 20~60 kHz, amplitude is 20~60 microns;Head to be mixed is completely into cylindrical structure, and stop is preheated, then
It is processed along cylindrical structure axis direction with the speed of 500~3000 revs/min of rotating speed, 20~100 millis m/min, until whole
A cylindrical structure inwall processing once finishes;In process, postposition fixes the shaft shoulder and rolls cylindrical structure inner-wall material with weldering;
Step 4:When needing to carry out multi-pass processing according to product requirement, the stirring of every time stirring tool used
Head diameter increases 0.4~1 millimeter than the stirring-head diameter that upper a time uses, and preposition shaft shoulder diameter is equal to upper a second processing
Cylindrical structure inner diameter afterwards, postposition fixation shaft shoulder diameter is 0.2~0.6 millimeter bigger than the passage stirring-head diameter, processed
The same step 3 of journey;
The stirring tool includes that grip shank, changeover portion, stirring-head, the preposition shaft shoulder and postposition fix the shaft shoulder, the clamping
Handle is fixedly connected by changeover portion with the rear end of stirring-head, and the front end of stirring-head is fixedly connected with the preposition shaft shoulder;The changeover portion
Diameter is less than stirring-head diameter, and postposition is fixed the shaft shoulder and is sleeved on outside changeover portion.
The grip shank is processed as one with changeover portion, and changeover portion is connected with stirring-head by bolt, the preposition shaft shoulder with
Stirring-head is connected by bolt.
The front end of the stirring-head is provided with front edge chamfering, the angle of the front edge chamfering is 2~5 °.
The outer surface of the changeover portion is provided with heat dam.
The external rear face of the stirring-head is provided with Left-hand threads, the forward outer surface of stirring-head is provided with the right hand
Screw thread, there are two annular groove, the annular grooves at rear portion for the stirring-head outer surface setting between the Left-hand threads and right-hand thread
It is connected with Left-hand threads, the annular groove of front is connected with right-hand thread.
Stirring-head outer surface between described two annular grooves is additionally provided with 1~2 independent annular groove.
The material of the stirring tool be tool steel, steel alloy, stainless steel, hard alloy, nickel-base alloy, tungsten-bast alloy or
Polycrystal cubic boron nitride.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, the present invention is the method for cylindrical structure inner wall surface modification, it can be achieved that the cylindrical structures inner-wall material such as cast aluminium surface
It is modified, it is processed by ultrasonic wave added surface, inner wall surface material grains are refined, and size reaches nanosizing rank, carries significantly
The high performance of material surface;
2, in process, stirring tool is moved along cylindrical structure axis direction, it can be achieved that traditional mixing yoghurt
Indeterminable cylindrical structure inwall processing;
3, in process, material is flowed along Left-hand threads and right-hand thread to stirring-head intermediate cross-section, is effectively prevent
Material overflows, and forms defect;Preposition shaft shoulder diameter is equal with cylindrical structure inner diameter, prevents in process stirring-head by material
Material is extruded into defect;Postposition is fixed the shaft shoulder and is not rotated, and is rolled with process, and material is avoided to overflow, arc line and surface occur
Recess improves surface property;
4, method process of the invention is easy to operate, and stirring tool is simple in structure, considers different cylindrical structure sizes,
It can flexibly replace.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of stirring tool used by the method for the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the process sectional view of one embodiment of the method for the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the process schematic diagram of one embodiment of the method for the present invention;
In figure:1- grip shanks, 2- changeover portions, 2-1- heat dams, 3- postpositions fix the shaft shoulder, 4- stirring-heads, 4-1- front end edges
Edge chamfering, the preposition shaft shoulders of 5-, 6- stirring tools, the amplitude transformer of 7- ultrasonic transducers, 8- base materials/cylindrical structure, 9- supports, 10-
Left-hand threads, 11- annular grooves, 12- right-hand threads;
H- stirs grease head highness, D- stirring-head diameters, and Dbs- postpositions fix shaft shoulder diameter, the preposition shaft shoulder diameters of Dfs-, D0- circles
Rod structure inner diameter.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in further detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
In the present embodiment, it is needed to carry out single pass processing according to product requirement.
As shown in FIG. 1 to 3, a method of inner structural wall nanosizing is realized based on ultrasonic wave added mixing yoghurt,
Include the following steps:
Step 1:Cylindrical structure 8 to be processed is lain in a horizontal plane on fixture and clamping fixes, the fixture is in cylinder knot
8 outer wall of structure has support 9, prevents 8 radial deformation of cylindrical structure in process, by the amplitude transformer 7 of ultrasonic transducer perpendicular to
8 outer wall of cylindrical structure is arranged, and forms circumference array;
Step 2:Stirring-head diameter D 0.6 millimeter of stirring tools 6 bigger than cylindrical structure inner diameter D0 are selected, it is preposition
Shaft shoulder diameter Dfs is equal to cylindrical structure inner diameter D0, and postposition fixation shaft shoulder diameter Dbs is 0.4 millimeter bigger than stirring-head diameter D,
Inner diameter should be there are allowance before cylindrical structure 8 is processed, and production requirement can be met by processing after being thinned;
Step 3:Grip shank 1 is fixedly connected with the live spindle of friction stir welding machine, postposition is fixed the shaft shoulder 3 and stirred
Friction-welding machine is mixed to be connected;Enable stirring tool 6 perpendicular to horizontal plane, aclinal, and with 8 coaxial line of cylindrical structure, the preposition shaft shoulder 5
It is rotated with stirring-head 4, postposition is fixed the shaft shoulder 3 and do not rotated;Stirring-head 4 is enabled to be pricked with the speed of 3000 revs/min of rotating speed, 5 millis m/min
Enter cylindrical structure 8, enables the amplitude transformer 7 of ultrasonic transducer be moved with stirring-head 4, ultrasonic wave is transmitted and is amplified, the ultrasonic transduction
The ultrasonic frequency vibratory of device is 40 kHz, and amplitude is 40 microns;Head 4 to be mixed stops 3 completely into cylindrical structure 8
Second is preheated, and is then processed along 8 axis direction of cylindrical structure with the speed of 3000 revs/min of rotating speed, 60 millis m/min,
Until 8 inwall processing of entire cylindrical structure once finishes;In process, postposition fixes the shaft shoulder 3 and rolls cylindrical structure 8 with weldering
Inner-wall material, it is 0.1~0.3 millimeter to roll depth with weldering;
The stirring tool 6 is no needle construction, including grip shank 1, changeover portion 2, stirring-head 4, the preposition shaft shoulder 5 and postposition are solid
Dead axle shoulder 3, the grip shank 1 are fixedly connected by changeover portion 2 with the rear end of stirring-head 4, the front end of stirring-head 4 and the preposition shaft shoulder
5 are fixedly connected, the setting of the preposition shaft shoulder 5 can prevent in process high-speed rotating stirring-head 48 inner wall of cylindrical structure is soft
Change material to squeeze out, forms defect;The changeover portion diameter is less than stirring-head diameter D, and postposition fixes the shaft shoulder 3 and is sleeved on changeover portion 2
Outside, the setting of the postposition fixation shaft shoulder 3 can prevent material from flowing out, and keep 8 inner wall surface of cylindrical structure smooth, improve surface quality.Institute
It states grip shank 1 to be processed as one with changeover portion 2, changeover portion 2 is connected with stirring-head 4 by bolt, makes stirring-head 4 can be according to reality
Border cylindrical structure inner diameter is replaced, and the preposition shaft shoulder 5 is connected with stirring-head 4 by bolt, makes the preposition shaft shoulder 5 can basis
Practical columnar inner structural wall diameter is replaced, and the preposition shaft shoulder 5, postposition fix the shaft shoulder 3 and stirring-head 4 detachably, more
It changes;The preposition shaft shoulder 5, postposition fix the shaft shoulder 3 and the fit clearance of stirring-head 4 is not more than 0.3 millimeter, prevent material from squeezing into.Institute
The outer surface setting of changeover portion 2 is stated there are three heat dam 2-1, the setting of heat dam 2-1 can reduce welding heat production to agitating friction
The influence of welding machine live spindle;The front end of the stirring-head 4 is provided with front edge chamfering 4-1, the front edge chamfering
The angle of 4-1 is 2 °.
The external rear face of the stirring-head 4 is provided with Left-hand threads 10, is provided in the forward outer surface of stirring-head 4
Right-hand thread 12, with the rotation of stirring-head 4, material flow tendency is to screw thread intermediate flow;It is left according to actual processing effect
Hand screw thread 10 and right-hand thread 12 along axial length can and it is unequal.Between the Left-hand threads 10 and right-hand thread 12
There are two annular groove 11, the annular groove at rear portion is connected the setting of 4 outer surface of stirring-head with Left-hand threads 10, the annular groove of front and
Right-hand thread 12 is connected;In order to improve mobility, 4 outer surface of stirring-head between described two annular grooves 11 is additionally provided with
1~2 independent annular groove.
The material of the stirring tool 6 is tool steel, steel alloy, stainless steel, hard alloy, nickel-base alloy, tungsten-bast alloy
Or polycrystal cubic boron nitride etc., it may be reused.
The setting of amplitude transformer 7 of the ultrasonic transducer no less than 8, can be by controlling along 8 axis of cylindrical structure and circumference
It is mobile, do not interfere with 8 outer wall fixture of cylindrical structure;It is along 8 axis movement speed of cylindrical structure and 4 process velocity one of stirring-head
It causes, circumferentially rotary speed is no more than 5 millis m/min.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method for realizing inner structural wall nanosizing based on ultrasonic wave added mixing yoghurt, which is characterized in that including such as
Lower step:
Step 1:Cylindrical structure to be processed is lain in a horizontal plane on fixture and clamping fixes, the fixture is outside cylindrical structure
Wall has support, the amplitude transformer of ultrasonic transducer is arranged perpendicular to cylindrical structure outer wall, and form circumference array;
Step 2:Select stirring-head diameter 0.4~1 millimeter of stirring tool bigger than cylindrical structure inner diameter, preposition axis
Shoulder diameter is equal to cylindrical structure inner diameter, and it is 0.2~0.6 millimeter bigger than stirring-head diameter that postposition fixes shaft shoulder diameter;
Step 3:Grip shank is fixedly connected with the live spindle of friction stir welding machine, postposition is fixed into the shaft shoulder and agitating friction
Welding machine is connected;Enable stirring tool perpendicular to horizontal plane, aclinal, and with cylindrical structure coaxial line, the preposition shaft shoulder is with stirring-head
Rotation, postposition are fixed the shaft shoulder and are not rotated;Stirring-head is enabled to be pricked with the speed of 500~3000 revs/min of rotating speed, 3~5 millis m/min
Enter cylindrical structure, the amplitude transformer of ultrasonic transducer is enabled to be moved with stirring-head, the ultrasonic frequency vibratory of the ultrasonic transducer is
20~60 kHz, amplitude are 20~60 microns;Head to be mixed is completely into cylindrical structure, and stop is preheated, so
It is processed afterwards along cylindrical structure axis direction with the speed of 500~3000 revs/min of rotating speed, 20~100 millis m/min,
Until entire cylindrical structure inwall processing once finishes;In process, postposition is fixed the shaft shoulder and is rolled in cylindrical structure with weldering
Wall material, it is 0.1~0.3 millimeter to roll depth;
Step 4:When needing to carry out multi-pass processing according to product requirement, the stirring-head of every time stirring tool used is straight
Diameter increases 0.4~1 millimeter than the stirring-head diameter that upper a time uses, and preposition shaft shoulder diameter is equal to upper a second processing
Cylindrical structure inner diameter afterwards, postposition fixation shaft shoulder diameter is 0.2~0.6 millimeter bigger than the passage stirring-head diameter, processing
The same step 3 of process;
The stirring tool includes that grip shank, changeover portion, stirring-head, the preposition shaft shoulder and postposition fix the shaft shoulder, and the grip shank is logical
It crosses changeover portion to be fixedly connected with the rear end of stirring-head, the front end of stirring-head is fixedly connected with the preposition shaft shoulder;The changeover portion diameter
Less than stirring-head diameter, postposition is fixed the shaft shoulder and is sleeved on outside changeover portion.
2. according to the method for realizing inner structural wall nanosizing based on ultrasonic wave added mixing yoghurt described in claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the grip shank is processed as one with changeover portion, changeover portion is connected with stirring-head by bolt, preposition axis
Shoulder is connected with stirring-head by bolt.
3. according to the method for realizing inner structural wall nanosizing based on ultrasonic wave added mixing yoghurt described in claim 1,
It is characterized in that being provided with front edge chamfering in the front end of the stirring-head, the angle of the front edge chamfering is 2~5 °.
4. according to the method for realizing inner structural wall nanosizing based on ultrasonic wave added mixing yoghurt described in claim 1,
It is characterized in that, being provided with heat dam in the outer surface of the changeover portion.
5. according to the method for realizing inner structural wall nanosizing based on ultrasonic wave added mixing yoghurt described in claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the external rear face in the stirring-head is provided with Left-hand threads, it is provided in the forward outer surface of stirring-head
Right-hand thread, there are two annular groove, the circles at rear portion for the stirring-head outer surface setting between the Left-hand threads and right-hand thread
Annular groove is connected with Left-hand threads, and the annular groove of front is connected with right-hand thread.
6. according to the method for realizing inner structural wall nanosizing based on ultrasonic wave added mixing yoghurt described in claim 5,
It is characterized in that, the stirring-head outer surface between described two annular grooves is additionally provided with 1~2 independent annular groove.
7. the method according to claim 1 that inner structural wall nanosizing is realized based on ultrasonic wave added mixing yoghurt,
It is characterized in that, the material of the stirring tool is that tool steel, stainless steel, hard alloy, nickel-base alloy, tungsten-bast alloy or polycrystalline are vertical
Square boron nitride.
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