CN107118465A - 一种太阳能电池背板pvc材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种太阳能电池背板pvc材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种太阳能电池背板PVC材料及其制备方法。该材料包括以下组分：聚氯乙烯树酯，纳米碳，纳米硒，纳米银，碳纤维，泡沫铝，维生素E，维生素C，环氧大豆油，香茅草油，大蒜素，乙烯‑醋酸乙烯酯共聚物，羟甲基纤维素钠，山梨醇，柠檬酸钠，薄荷脑。将纳米碳、纳米硒、纳米银、碳纤维、泡沫铝、维生素E、香茅草油、环氧大豆油搅拌均匀，冷藏后，研磨得第一细粉；将聚氯乙烯树脂、乙烯‑醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、羟甲基纤维素钠混合，加热融化后抽真空再喷洒维生素C、大蒜素、山梨醇、柠檬酸钠、薄荷脑的混合物，搅拌得第二混合物；连通等离子处理的第一细粉投入挤出机挤出即可。本材料导热性好，抑菌力强，耐候性强，适合作为太阳能电池背板使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于太阳能电池组件制备领域，具体涉及一种太阳能电池背板PVC材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氯乙烯简称PVC，由氯乙烯在引发剂作用下聚合而成的热塑性树脂，机械性能好，抗张强度60MPa左右，对有机和无机酸、碱、盐均稳定，化学稳定性随使用温度的升高而降低。
申请号201310095113.X，名称为一种太阳能电池背板及生产方法，该背板包括PET基板，所述PET基板的正面涂有一层氟涂料层，其特征在于：所述PET基板的反面设有通过胶黏剂层粘帖的改性聚氯乙烯薄膜层。改性聚氯乙烯薄膜具有良好的力学性能、耐热性，作为背板实用，提高了太阳能电池的寿命，但是该背板抗菌导热性能有待提高，重量有待减轻。
申请号201110424766.9，名称为一种太阳能带你吃组件背板及其制备方法，该背板为单层或多层结构，至少直接接触环境的最外层薄膜主要由丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物ASA、丙烯腈-乙烯-苯乙烯共聚物AES、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯PMMA中的一种或多种材料组成；或者，最外层薄膜主要由ASA、AES、PMMA与聚碳酸酯PC、聚酰胺PA、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯PBT或聚氯乙烯PVC的共混物组成。本发明背板属于环境友好型，耐候性强，但质量有待减轻，导热性有待加强。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种耐高温、抑菌性能好，且醇溶出物少的太阳能电池背板PVC材料。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种制备方法简单，通过各组分的协同作用，以及等离子处理技术提高了PVC的综合性能，简化了操作步骤，降低了生产成本。
为解决现有技术问题，本发明采取的技术方案为：
一种太阳能电池背板PVC材料，包括以下按重量份数计的组分：聚氯乙烯树酯60-90份，纳米碳12-29份，纳米硒1-8份，纳米银1-5份，碳纤维33-44份，泡沫铝20-44份，维生素E1-4份，维生素C3-8份，环氧大豆油0.1-0.8份，香茅草油1-5份，大蒜素1-5份，乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物1-8份，羟甲基纤维素钠1-5份，山梨醇0.8-3.6份，柠檬酸钠1-9份，薄荷脑0.4-1.5份。
作为改进的是，上述一种太阳能电池背板PVC材料，包括以下按重量份数计的组分：聚氯乙烯树酯80份，纳米碳24份，纳米硒4份，纳米银3份，碳纤维38份，泡沫铝35份，维生素E3份，维生素C4份，环氧大豆油0.4份，香茅草油4份，大蒜素3份，乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物4份，羟甲基纤维素钠3份，山梨醇3.2份，柠檬酸钠4份，薄荷脑1.2份。
作为改进的是，所述纳米碳、纳米硒和纳米银的粒径均为51-67μm。
作为改进的是，所述乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物中乙烯的质量份数为20-34%。
作为改进的是，所述泡沫铝的孔隙率为77-83%。
上述一种太阳能电池背板PVC材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：步骤1，称取原料；步骤2，将纳米碳、纳米硒、纳米银、碳纤维、泡沫铝、维生素E、香茅草油、环氧大豆油搅拌均匀，2-8℃冷藏42-55小时后，研磨后得第一细粉；步骤2，将聚氯乙烯树脂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、羟甲基纤维素钠混合，加热至280-440℃，抽真空后，喷洒维生素C、大蒜素、山梨醇、柠檬酸钠、薄荷脑的混合物，搅拌得第二混合物；步骤3，将第一细粉在1000-1500W的等离子辐射中处理1-5s后，连同第二混合物投入挤出机挤出即可。
作为改进的是，步骤2中搅拌速度为129-330rpm。
作为改进的是，步骤3第一细粉和第二混合物的投入挤出机中的质量比为1：4-8。
作为改进的是，步骤3中挤出机的挤出温度为180-220℃。
有益效果：
与现有技术相比，纳米碳、泡沫铝、碳纤维的协同作用，本发明的PVC材料耐热系数提高了10-15%，降低了醇溶出物；纳米银、纳米硒、大蒜素的协同作用使得抑菌时长高达10-14小时，抑菌指数提高0.1-0.4个点；使用本发明PVC材料制备的太阳能电池背板，延迟了电池的使用寿命。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种太阳能电池背板PVC材料，包括以下按重量份数计的组分：聚氯乙烯树酯60份，纳米碳12份，纳米硒1份，纳米银1份，碳纤维33份，泡沫铝20份，维生素E1份，维生素C3份，环氧大豆油0.1份，香茅草油1份，大蒜素1份，乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物1份，羟甲基纤维素钠1份，山梨醇0.8-3.6份，柠檬酸钠1-9份，薄荷脑0.4份。
所述纳米碳、纳米硒和纳米银的粒径均为51μm。
所述乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物中乙烯的质量份数为20%。
所述泡沫铝的孔隙率为77%。
上述一种太阳能电池背板PVC材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：步骤1，称取原料；步骤2，将纳米碳、纳米硒、纳米银、碳纤维、泡沫铝、维生素E、香茅草油、环氧大豆油搅拌均匀，2℃冷藏42小时后，研磨后得第一细粉；步骤2，将聚氯乙烯树脂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、羟甲基纤维素钠混合，加热至280℃，抽真空后，喷洒维生素C、大蒜素、山梨醇、柠檬酸钠、薄荷脑的混合物，搅拌得第二混合物；步骤3，将第一细粉在1000W的等离子辐射中处理1-5s后，连同第二混合物投入挤出机挤出即可。
步骤2中搅拌速度为129rpm。
步骤3中第一细粉和第二混合物的投入挤出机中的质量比为1：4。
步骤3中挤出机的挤出温度为180℃。
实施例2
一种太阳能电池背板PVC材料，包括以下按重量份数计的组分：聚氯乙烯树酯80份，纳米碳24份，纳米硒4份，纳米银3份，碳纤维38份，泡沫铝35份，维生素E3份，维生素C4份，环氧大豆油0.4份，香茅草油4份，大蒜素3份，乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物4份，羟甲基纤维素钠3份，山梨醇3.2份，柠檬酸钠4份，薄荷脑1.2份。
所述纳米碳、纳米硒和纳米银的粒径均为62μm。
所述乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物中乙烯的质量份数为31%。
所述泡沫铝的孔隙率为80%。
上述一种太阳能电池背板PVC材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：步骤1，称取原料；步骤2，将纳米碳、纳米硒、纳米银、碳纤维、泡沫铝、维生素E、香茅草油、环氧大豆油搅拌均匀，4℃冷藏50小时后，研磨后得第一细粉；步骤2，将聚氯乙烯树脂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、羟甲基纤维素钠混合，加热至320℃，抽真空后，喷洒维生素C、大蒜素、山梨醇、柠檬酸钠、薄荷脑的混合物，搅拌得第二混合物；步骤3，将第一细粉在1240W的等离子辐射中处理4s后，连同第二混合物投入挤出机挤出即可。
步骤2中搅拌速度为220rpm。
步骤3中第一细粉和第二混合物的投入挤出机中的质量比为1：5。
步骤3中挤出机的挤出温度为200℃。
实施例3
一种太阳能电池背板PVC材料，包括以下按重量份数计的组分：聚氯乙烯树酯90份，纳米碳29份，纳米硒8份，纳米银5份，碳纤维44份，泡沫铝44份，维生素E4份，维生素C8份，环氧大豆油0.8份，香茅草油5份，大蒜素5份，乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物8份，羟甲基纤维素钠5份，山梨醇3.6份，柠檬酸钠9份，薄荷脑1.5份。
所述纳米碳、纳米硒和纳米银的粒径均为67μm。
所述乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物中乙烯的质量份数为34%。
所述泡沫铝的孔隙率为83%。
上述一种太阳能电池背板PVC材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：步骤1，称取原料；步骤2，将纳米碳、纳米硒、纳米银、碳纤维、泡沫铝、维生素E、香茅草油、环氧大豆油搅拌均匀， 8℃冷藏55小时后，研磨后得第一细粉；步骤2，将聚氯乙烯树脂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、羟甲基纤维素钠混合，加热至440℃，抽真空后，喷洒维生素C、大蒜素、山梨醇、柠檬酸钠、薄荷脑的混合物，搅拌得第二混合物；步骤3，将第一细粉在1500W的等离子辐射中处理5s后，连同第二混合物投入挤出机挤出即可。
步骤2中搅拌速度为330rpm。
步骤3中第一细粉和第二混合物的投入挤出机中的质量比为1： 8。
步骤3中挤出机的挤出温度为220℃。
实施例4
除不含泡沫铝外，其他同实施例2。
实施例5
除不含纳米碳外，其他同实施例2。
实施例6
除不含碳纤维外，其他同实施例2。
实施例7
除不用等离子技术处理外，其他同实施例2。
实施例8
除不含大蒜素外，其他同实施例2。
实施例9
除不含纳米银外，其他同实施例2。
实施例10
除不含纳米硒外，其他同实施例2。
对发明实施例1-7制备的PVC材料进行测试，所得数据如下所示。
从上述数据可以看出，本发明制备的PVC材料醇溶出物少，耐热能力强，抑菌效果好。比较实施例2和实施例4-7纳米碳、泡沫铝、碳纤维的协同作用，本发明的PVC材料耐热系数提高了10-15%，降低了醇溶出物；比较实施例2和实施例8-10的材料可知，纳米银、纳米硒、大蒜素的协同作用使得抑菌时长高达10-14小时，抑菌指数提高0.1-0.4个点。另外，本发明材料的耐候性好，适合用于作为太阳能电池的背板，延长使用寿命化率可达到20%。比较实施例2和对比例的导电浆料，可知实施例2的导电浆料的均一性好。
Claims (9)
1.一种太阳能电池背板PVC材料，其特征在于，包括以下按重量份数计的组分：聚氯乙烯树酯60-90份，纳米碳12-29份，纳米硒1-8份，纳米银1-5份，碳纤维33-44份，泡沫铝20-44份，维生素E1-4份，维生素C3-8份，环氧大豆油0.1-0.8份，香茅草油1-5份，大蒜素1-5份，乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物1-8份，羟甲基纤维素钠1-5份，山梨醇0.8-3.6份，柠檬酸钠1-9份，薄荷脑0.4-1.5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种太阳能电池背板PVC材料，其特征在于，包括以下按重量份数计的组分：聚氯乙烯树酯80份，纳米碳24份，纳米硒4份，纳米银3份，碳纤维38份，泡沫铝35份，维生素E3份，维生素C4份，环氧大豆油0.4份，香茅草油4份，大蒜素3份，乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物4份，羟甲基纤维素钠3份，山梨醇3.2份，柠檬酸钠4份，薄荷脑1.2份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种太阳能电池背板PVC材料，其特征在于，所述纳米碳、纳米硒和纳米银的粒径均为51-67μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种太阳能电池背板PVC材料，其特征在于，所述乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物中乙烯的质量份数为20-34%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种太阳能电池背板PVC材料，其特征在于，所述泡沫铝的孔隙率为77-83%。
6.基于权利要求1所述的一种太阳能电池背板PVC材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：步骤1，称取原料；步骤2，将纳米碳、纳米硒、纳米银、碳纤维、泡沫铝、维生素E、香茅草油、环氧大豆油搅拌均匀，2-8℃冷藏42-55小时后，研磨后得第一细粉；步骤2，将聚氯乙烯树脂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、羟甲基纤维素钠混合，加热至280-440℃，抽真空后，喷洒维生素C、大蒜素、山梨醇、柠檬酸钠、薄荷脑的混合物，搅拌得第二混合物；步骤3，将第一细粉在1000-1500W的等离子辐射中处理1-5s后，连同第二混合物投入挤出机挤出即可。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种太阳能电池背板PVC材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤2中搅拌速度为129-330rpm。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种太阳能电池背板PVC材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤3第一细粉和第二混合物的投入挤出机中的质量比为1：4-8。
9.根据权利要求6所述的一种太阳能电池背板PVC材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤3中挤出机的挤出温度为180-220℃。
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