CN107117596A - 一种利用生物质原料制备生物质基陶瓷颗粒的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种利用生物质原料制备生物质基陶瓷颗粒的方法，涉及生物质资源化利用技术领域。利用破碎机将生物质原料破碎，用无水乙醇浸渍洗涤生物质原料粉末，之后烘干，待用；将烘干的生物质原料粉末与胶粘剂均匀混和，然后放入管式炉中进行高温炭化，获得生物质基陶瓷团聚颗粒；将生物质基陶瓷团聚颗粒加入行星式球磨机中球磨，进而获取细化的生物质基陶瓷颗粒。本发明制备的生物质基陶瓷颗粒是滑动轴承、电机电刷和高铁受电弓滑板板材用功能性添加剂，可明显的改进滑动轴承用高分子材料、电机电刷和高铁用滑板材料的力学和摩擦学性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物质资源化利用技术领域，具体是涉及一种利用生物质原料制备生物质基陶瓷颗粒的方法。
背景技术
我国作为农业大国，每年要生产数以万吨的生物质原料，譬如：稻壳、麦秸秆以及玉米渣等。部分生物质原料常被丢弃堆积在农田中或直接焚烧掉，存在着严重的安全隐患和环境污染。因此，综合利用生物质原料技术成为国内外学者研究的热点。
目前，生物质原料可制备生物油、生物吸附剂、白炭黑、固体成型燃料和生物摩擦材料等。生物质原料制备生物质基陶瓷颗粒的开发是其综合利用的有效途径之一。且生物陶瓷颗粒具有高硬度、低弹性模量和低摩擦系数，使其在滑动轴承、电机电刷以及高速列车滑板材料方面得到广泛应用。Dugarjav[Journal of Mechanical Science andTechnology.2010,24:85-88.]等人将稻壳为原料制备的出稻壳基陶瓷颗粒(RHC)并将其压制成坯，考察了不同摩擦副材料(高碳钢、奥氏体不锈钢和三氧化二铝钢球)与RHC坯对摩的干摩擦学性能，发现摩擦系数的降低归因于对摩件表面有转移膜的形成。Shibata[Tribology International.2014,73:187-94]等人还研究了RHC坯与氮化硅和碳化硅钢球对摩时的干摩擦学性能，发现与氮化硅对摩时的摩擦学性能最佳。在水基润滑条件下，Cu/C复合材料中加入秸秆基陶瓷颗粒(RBC)颗粒可明显改进材料的抗磨减摩性能。Akiyama[Tribology Online.2010,5:87-91]等人将RBC颗粒添加到5种热固性树脂当中，开发出了复合材料，并研究了油润滑和干摩擦条件下，复合材料的摩擦学性能，发现RBC颗粒的引入，明显降低了摩擦系数。可见，以生物质原料制备出陶瓷基颗粒材料可在摩擦学领域有很好的应用前景。
本发明采用简单的高温炭化方法制备出生物质基陶瓷颗粒可充分利用生物质资源，实现生物质原料的资源化利用，工艺简单，成本低、安全环保，可实现批量生产。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于实现生物质原料的资源化利用，进而开发出一种工艺简单、安全环保、且可以宏量生产的生物质基陶瓷颗粒的方法，为滑动轴承、电机电刷及高速列车滑板材料提供功能添加剂。
为了实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案为：一种利用生物质原料制备生物质基陶瓷颗粒的方法，包括以下步骤：
①、利用破碎机将生物质原料破碎，用无水乙醇浸渍洗涤生物质原料粉末，之后烘干，待用；
②、将烘干的生物质原料粉末与胶粘剂均匀混和，然后放入管式炉中进行高温炭化，获得生物质基陶瓷团聚颗粒；
③、将生物质基陶瓷团聚颗粒加入行星式球磨机中球磨，进而获取细化的生物质基陶瓷颗粒。
作为本发明的利用生物质原料制备生物质基陶瓷颗粒的方法的进一步优选技术方案，制备方法的步骤①中生物质原料破碎至粒度达到10～100目，每10g生物质原料粉末中添加100～200mL的无水乙醇。步骤②中使用的胶粘剂为聚酰亚胺树脂或聚乙烯树脂，生物质原料粉末与胶粘剂的重量比为1～4：1，高温炭化反应时反应温度为1000～1200℃，反应时间为2～5h，高温炭化反应在惰性气体保护下进行的。步骤③中在行星式球磨机中球磨时间为30min。
本发明制备的生物质基陶瓷颗粒是滑动轴承、电机电刷和高铁受电弓滑板板材用功能性添加剂，可明显的改进滑动轴承用高分子材料、电机电刷和高铁用滑板材料的力学和摩擦学性能。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：
1)、工艺简单、可批量的生产、安全环保；
2)、可将生物质原料中的组分充分利用，进而产率较高；
3)、无催化剂，不存在催化剂污染问题。
附图说明
图1为实施例2制备的麦秸秆基陶瓷颗粒的产物形态图。
图2为利用实施例2制备的麦秸秆基陶瓷颗粒做成的板材料在不同载荷下的磨损图片。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1
一种利用生物质原料制备生物质基陶瓷颗粒的方法，包括以下步骤：
①、利用破碎机将棉秆破碎至粒度达到80～100目，用100mL的无水乙醇浸渍洗涤10g棉秆粉末30min，之后烘干，待用；
②、将烘干的棉秆粉末与聚酰亚胺树脂按照重量比为4：1均匀混和，然后放入管式炉中，在温度1200℃下，氮气保护下，炭化2h，获得棉秆基陶瓷团聚颗粒；
③、将棉秆基陶瓷团聚颗粒加入行星式球磨机中球磨30min，进而获取细化的棉秆基陶瓷颗粒。
实施例2
一种利用生物质原料制备生物质基陶瓷颗粒的方法，包括以下步骤：
①、利用破碎机将麦秸秆质破碎至粒度达到10～50目，用150mL的无水乙醇浸渍洗涤10g麦秸秆质粉末30min，之后烘干，待用；
②、将烘干的麦秸秆质粉末与聚酰亚胺树脂按照重量比为3：1均匀混和，然后放入管式炉中，在温度1000℃下，氩气保护下，炭化5h，获得麦秸秆基陶瓷团聚颗粒；
③、将麦秸秆基陶瓷团聚颗粒加入行星式球磨机中球磨30min，进而获取细化的麦秸秆基陶瓷颗粒。图1为实施例2制备的麦秸秆基陶瓷颗粒的产物形态图，通过图1可以看出：陶瓷颗粒为团聚态颗粒。
接着，将麦秸秆基陶瓷颗粒与一定量的胶粘剂混合，在压片机上冷压成型，最后在管式路中煅烧可获得板材，测试板材磨损特性。图2为利用实施例2制备的麦秸秆基陶瓷颗粒做成的板材料在不同载荷下的磨损图片，通过图2可以看出：转速300rpm/min下，板材随载荷的增加，磨痕宽度和深度逐渐增加。
实施例3
一种利用生物质原料制备生物质基陶瓷颗粒的方法，包括以下步骤：
①、利用破碎机将甘蔗渣破碎至粒度达到50～80目，用200mL的无水乙醇浸渍洗涤10g甘蔗渣粉末30min，之后烘干，待用；
②、将烘干的甘蔗渣粉末与聚乙烯树脂按照重量比为2：1均匀混和，然后放入管式炉中，在温度1100℃下，氩气保护下，炭化3h，获得甘蔗渣基陶瓷团聚颗粒；
③、将甘蔗渣基陶瓷团聚颗粒加入行星式球磨机中球磨30min，进而获取细化的甘蔗渣基陶瓷颗粒。
实施例4
一种利用生物质原料制备生物质基陶瓷颗粒的方法，包括以下步骤：
①、利用破碎机将甘蔗渣破碎至粒度达到40～70目，用160mL的无水乙醇浸渍洗涤10g甘蔗渣粉末30min，之后烘干，待用；
②、将烘干的甘蔗渣粉末与聚乙烯树脂按照重量比为3：1均匀混和，然后放入管式炉中，在温度1200℃下，氮气保护下，炭化3h，获得甘蔗渣基陶瓷团聚颗粒；
③、将甘蔗渣基陶瓷团聚颗粒加入行星式球磨机中球磨30min，进而获取细化的甘蔗渣基陶瓷颗粒。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明的构思所作的举例和说明，所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，只要不偏离发明的构思或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围，均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种利用生物质原料制备生物质基陶瓷颗粒的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
①、利用破碎机将生物质原料破碎，用无水乙醇浸渍洗涤生物质原料粉末，之后烘干，待用；
②、将烘干的生物质原料粉末与胶粘剂均匀混和，然后放入管式炉中进行高温炭化，获得生物质基陶瓷团聚颗粒；
③、将生物质基陶瓷团聚颗粒加入行星式球磨机中球磨，进而获取细化的生物质基陶瓷颗粒。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤①中生物质原料破碎至粒度达到10～100目。
3.如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤①中每10g生物质原料粉末中添加100～200mL的无水乙醇。
4.如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤②中使用的胶粘剂为聚酰亚胺树脂或聚乙烯树脂。
5.如权利要求1或4所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤②中生物质原料粉末与胶粘剂的重量比为1～4：1。
6.如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤②中高温炭化反应时反应温度为1000～1200℃，反应时间为2～5h。
7.如权利要求1或6所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤②中高温炭化反应是在惰性气体保护下进行的。
8.如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤③中在行星式球磨机中球磨时间为30min。
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