CN107114584B - 一种哺乳母猪用的饲料添加剂及其制作使用方法 - Google Patents
一种哺乳母猪用的饲料添加剂及其制作使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种哺乳母猪用的饲料添加剂及其制作使用方法。该添加剂是由植物乳杆菌代谢产物抗菌肽50份、鼠李糖乳杆菌50份、葡萄糖氧化酶20份、过氧化氢酶20份、胜肽酶20份、环氧化还原酶20份、磷酸酯酶20份、钙质蒙脱石50份、生石膏15份、元明粉15份、小苏打20份，益母草40份，山楂10份，黄芩20份，栀子10份，连翘10份，甘草10份组成，混合均匀即得，水分含量小于12％。在哺乳母猪饲料中按2千克/吨添加，使用本发明产品能有效防止霉菌毒素和体内毒素对哺乳母猪的影响，使哺乳母猪免疫力、泌乳量明显增加，仔猪断奶重明显提高，且显著提高哺乳母猪采食量、显著缩短母猪断奶到发情间隔时间，有效改善母猪繁殖性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种饲料添加剂，特别是一种适用于哺乳母猪(分娩-断奶后10天)解毒、脱霉、去毒、消炎的饲料添加剂及其制作方法。
背景技术
解决霉菌与毒素对动物健康的影响，是影响养殖成败的关键因素。毒素既包括饲料中的霉菌毒素，又包括动物体内细菌产生的内毒素。能否控制好养殖场的霉菌与毒素，将直接决定养殖利润的走向。首先，很多毒素并非一般药物可以有效控制。其次，养殖过程中会出现很多必然的应激反应，也会造成环境污染，还会面临各种疾病的肆虐。以上的这些因素都会影响动物机体的免疫机能，同时，霉菌毒素也可直接损伤免疫系统，从而导致免疫力低下，致使疫苗及药物失效。据有关权威机构调查研究表明，目前中国大陆地区的霉菌毒素已经泛滥成灾，各种霉菌毒素的检出率达90％以上，其数值已经严重超标，因此，如何有效地防霉脱毒是养殖成败的关键。
霉菌毒素是霉菌次生代谢产物，在饲料的加工、运输和贮存过程中都会产生。饲料霉菌毒素普遍存在，而且种类有几十种之多。比如黄曲霉素有很强的致癌性，主要破坏动物的肝脏；赤霉烯酮,类似雌激素的作用，破坏动物的生殖器官；T-2毒素破坏动物免疫器官，呕吐毒素影响猪的食欲，对消化器官造成损伤。同时，动物体内正常代谢产生的生物胺、饲料中添加的抗生素以及抗生素杀死肠道细菌后产生的内毒素等有毒有害物质难以完全在肝脏内被分解转化脱毒时，直接进入血液造成动物正常生理机能紊乱。母猪在哺乳阶段面临着环境、生理变化等诸多应激和饲料中诸多威胁因素，实践中经常出现母猪产后恶露持久、产后疲劳瘫睡、食欲紊乱、采食量低、奶水不足、仔猪奶源性腹泻、发情间隔延长等症状。目前，为防止以上疾病或现象发生，常见在泌乳母猪日粮中添加霉菌毒素吸附剂，在一定程度上能达到缓解的作用。但市面的霉菌毒素吸附剂主要以物理吸附剂为主，吸附饲料中的霉菌毒素同时也将大量维生素(尤其脂溶性维生素)、微量元素等营养成分吸附排除体外，同时有效吸附并不完全，且对已经出现霉菌毒素中毒的猪群并无效，另外还不能吸附内毒素(如脂多糖LPS)和降解吸收血液中的毒素，达不到真正脱毒、解毒、去毒、排毒的目的和效果。基于此，很有必要开发一种适用于哺乳母猪(分娩-断奶后10天)的解毒、脱霉、去毒、消炎的饲料添加剂产品。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，针对目前母猪养殖环节中出现的问题和常发生的疾病，本发明提供一种哺乳母猪(分娩-断奶后10天)用的饲料添加剂及其制作方法，以彻底排除体内多种毒素，增强母猪免疫力，提高母猪产乳力，改善仔猪断奶均重，缩短母猪发情间隔天数。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是:一种哺乳母猪(分娩-断奶后10天)用的饲料添加剂，按照重量份数计采用1号料、2号料、3号料、4号料各1份混匀后获得。其中1号料由植物乳杆菌代谢产物抗菌肽(效价≥104U/g)50份、鼠李糖乳杆菌(含量≥107CFU/g)50份组成；2号料由葡萄糖氧化酶(酶活含量≥1000U/g)20份、过氧化氢酶(酶活含量≥1000U/g)20份、胜肽酶(酶活含量≥1000U/g)20份、环氧化还原酶(酶活含量≥1000U/g)20份、磷酸酯酶(酶活含量≥10000U/g)20份组成；3号料由含猫眼石5％以上经过380℃高温煅烧膨胀的钙质蒙脱石50份、生石膏15份、元明粉15份、小苏打20份组成。4号料由益母草40份，山楂10份，黄芩20份，栀子10份，连翘10份，甘草10份组成，粉碎过40目筛。
本发明具体制作工序按以下步骤操作：
1)取植物乳杆菌代谢产物抗菌肽(效价≥104U/g)50份、鼠李糖乳杆菌(含量≥107CFU/g)50份，混匀，控制水分不超过10％，作为1号料；
2)取葡萄糖氧化酶(酶活含量≥1000U/g)20份、过氧化氢酶(酶活含量≥1000U/g)20份、胜肽酶(酶活含量≥1000U/g)20份、环氧化还原酶(酶活含量≥1000U/g)20份、磷酸酯酶(酶活含量≥10000U/g)20份，混匀，控制水分不超过8％，作为2号料；
3)取含猫眼石5％以上经过380℃高温煅烧膨胀的钙质蒙脱石50份、生石膏15份、元明粉15份、小苏打20份，混匀，粉碎过40目筛，控制水分不超过5％，作为3号料；
4)取益母草40份，山楂10份，黄芩20份，栀子10份，连翘10份，甘草10份组成，粉碎过40目筛，作为4号料；
5)取1号料、2号料、3号料、4号料各1份混匀后，控制水分不超过12％，即得。
本发明制得的哺乳母猪用的饲料添加剂使用方法，在哺乳母猪(分娩-断奶后10天)按每吨母猪全价配合饲料添加2000克的标准添加到母猪饲料中，混合均匀后使用。
与现有技术相比，本发明制备的哺乳母猪用饲料添加剂产品具有以下优点：
1)本发明综合生物酶解技术，利用酯酶降解饲料中玉米赤霉烯酮和烟曲霉毒素、环氧化还原酶降解T-2和呕吐毒素、胜肽酶降解赭曲毒素等作用，合理搭配，达到彻底清除肠道内霉菌毒素的目的，减少霉菌毒素对母猪健康的影响。本发明饲料添加剂有效成分被吸收后与动物已吸收入血液的霉菌毒素结合，将毒素运入肝脏解毒后排除体外，故能清除已吸收的毒素，但，传统脱霉剂不能将已经被机体吸收的毒素清除体外。
2)采取葡萄糖氧化酶和过氧化氢酶配伍，消除体内自由基，过氧化氢氧化体内毒素等各种毒性物质，使母猪体内有毒性的物质变成无毒性的物质，使H2O2进一步转变成无毒的H2O，有利于保护肝脏、肾脏。同时，葡萄糖氧化酶催化葡萄糖过程中消耗O2，产生葡萄糖酸和过氧化氢，使消化道更易形成厌氧环境，促使厌氧有益菌的增殖，起到酸化剂和益生菌的作用，既能改善消化道酸性消化环境，保护肠道上皮细胞完整，又能抑制肠道有害微生物增殖，调整肠道菌群生态平衡。通过改善母猪肠道健康，增加粪便中有益菌的含量，有效改善产床环境，减少乳猪黄白痢的发生。
3)利用含猫眼石的蒙脱石在煅烧膨胀过程中的体表面积的增加和分子结构的变化，增强其吸附饲料中毒素和体内有害微生物产生的内毒素(如脂多糖LPS)性能，而又不吸附饲料中的其他营养分，彻底净化肠道毒素。而普通蒙脱石吸附霉菌毒素同时也将大量维生素(尤其脂溶性维生素)、微量元素等营养成分吸附排除体外。
4)选用中草药益母草、山楂、黄芩、栀子、连翘、甘草等科学配伍，具有清热解毒，通便，活血化瘀，补气养血，排除恶露和增强免疫力之功效，能有效减少哺乳母猪三联综合征(子宫内膜炎、乳房炎、无乳或少乳症)，减少哺乳阶段仔猪腹泻，缩短断奶后发情间隔时间。益母草、山楂、黄芩、栀子、连翘、甘草等中药有效成分还能保肝、护肾、增强免疫，对抗霉菌毒素引起的肝肾损伤和免疫抑制，从而预防治疗多种疾病。
5)本发明采取植物乳杆菌发酵产的抗菌肽和鼠李糖乳杆菌配伍，充分调节母猪消化道的微生态平衡，通过黏附机制、竞争排斥作用阻止病原菌的繁殖，抑制病原微生物，建立和维持正常的肠道优势种群，预防母猪疾病发生。提高母猪肠道动力，消除母猪便秘，减少毒素积累和减少毒素通过乳汁排泄，进而減少仔猪奶源性腹泻的发生。
6)为了更好地清热、消炎、去毒，本发明产品综合运用了生石膏、元明粉、小苏打等无机矿物质，按照一定的比率复配，促进上述配伍原料作用的发挥，达到协同调理哺乳母猪特殊生理阶段正常代谢的目的，促进哺乳期母猪采食量的提高，减少掉膘，改善母猪泌乳性能，进而提高仔猪断奶重，真正达到“清热、消炎、解毒、去霉”四效合一功效。
具体实施方式
实施例：
1)取植物乳杆菌代谢产物抗菌肽(效价≥104U/g)50份、鼠李糖乳杆菌(含量≥107CFU/g)50份，混匀，控制水分不超过10％，作为1号料；
2)取黑曲霉产的葡萄糖氧化酶(酶活含量≥1000U/g)20份、青霉产的过氧化氢酶(酶活含量≥1000U/g)20份、地衣芽孢杆菌产的胜肽酶(酶活含量≥1000U/g)20份、黑曲霉产的环氧化还原酶(酶活含量≥1000U/g)20份、黑曲霉产的磷酸酯酶(酶活含量≥10000U/g)20份，混匀，控制水分不超过8％，作为2号料；
3)取含猫眼石5％以上经过380℃高温煅烧膨胀的钙质蒙脱石50份、生石膏(天然的二水硫酸钙，纯度≥98.0％)15份、元明粉(硫酸钠≥99.0％)15份、小苏打(碳酸氢钠≥99.0％)20份，混匀，粉碎过40目筛，控制水分不超过5％，作为3号料；
4)取益母草40份，山楂10份，黄芩20份，栀子10份，连翘10份，甘草10份组成，各中药水分含量小于10％，粉碎过40目筛，作为4号料；
5)取1号料、2号料、3号料、4号料各1份混匀后，控制水分不超过12％，即得。
以下通过具体试验例来说明本发明哺乳母猪(分娩-断奶后10天)用的饲料添加剂的有益效果：
试验一种哺乳母猪(分娩-断奶后10天)用的饲料添加剂对哺乳母猪生产性能的影响
选择胎次相同、品种一致、临产期相近的长×大二元母猪20头，随机分为2个处理，每个处理10个重复，每个重复1头母猪。采用单因子试验设计，基础日粮相同，主要营养成分为：消化能3350Mcal/kg，粗蛋白18.00％，赖氨酸1.00％，蛋氨酸0.24％，苏氨酸0.62％，色氨酸0.18％，钙0.77％，有效磷0.36％。对照组母猪饲喂基础日粮，试验组母猪的饲粮在基础日粮基础上添加2千克/吨哺乳母猪用的饲料添加剂。试验猪环境条件一致。试验时间为2016年4月10日-5月15日，场地为湖南某原种猪场。母猪自由饮水，并按常规保健免疫并做好环境的清洁卫生。
测定指标为：母猪平均日采食量、母猪断奶到发情间隔时间、乳猪日增重。
哺乳母猪用的饲料添加剂对母猪平均日采食量的影响见表1，对乳猪生长性能的影响见表2，对母猪断奶到发情时间的影响见表3。
表1哺乳母猪用的饲料添加剂对母猪平均日采食量的影响(kg/日.头)
注：同列数据肩标字母不同表示差异显著(P<0.05)，相同表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。
表2哺乳母猪用的饲料添加剂对乳猪生长性能的影响
表3哺乳母猪用的饲料添加剂对母猪断奶到发情间隔时间的影响
结果显示：试验组与对照组相比，显著提高哺乳母猪平均日采食量、显著降低断奶到发情间隔时间、显著促进乳猪增重(P<0.05)。
因此得知：本发明哺乳母猪用的饲料添加剂对母猪生产性能有明显的改善效果。在哺乳母猪(分娩-断奶后10天)阶段按2kg/t添加到哺乳母猪饲料中，能显著改善哺乳母猪采食量和提高仔猪哺乳期日增重，显著缩短断奶至发情间隔时间，进而可改善母猪的繁殖性能。
Claims (3)
1.一种哺乳母猪用的饲料添加剂，其特征在于按照重量份数计采用1号料、2号料、3号料、4号料各1份混匀后获得，其中1号料由效价≥104U/g的植物乳杆菌代谢产物抗菌肽50份、含量≥107CFU/g的鼠李糖乳杆菌50份组成；2号料由酶活含量≥1000U/g的葡萄糖氧化酶20份、过氧化氢酶20份、胜肽酶20份、环氧化还原酶20份、磷酸酯酶20份组成；3号料由猫眼石含量≥5％且经过380℃高温煅烧的钙质蒙脱石50份、生石膏15份、元明粉15份、小苏打20份组成；4号料由益母草40份、山楂10份、黄芩20份、栀子10份、连翘10份、甘草10份混匀后粉碎过40目筛而得。
2.一种权利要求1所述哺乳母猪用饲料添加剂的制作方法，其特征在于包括下列步骤：
1)取效价≥104U/g的植物乳杆菌代谢产物抗菌肽50份和含量≥107CFU/g的鼠李糖乳杆菌50份，混匀，控制水分不超过10％，作为1号料；
2)取酶活含量≥1000U/g的葡萄糖氧化酶20份、过氧化氢酶20份、胜肽酶20份、环氧化还原酶20份、磷酸酯酶20份，混匀，控制水分不超过8％，作为2号料；
3)取猫眼石含量≥5％且经过380℃高温煅烧膨胀的钙质蒙脱石50份、生石膏15份、元明粉15份、小苏打20份，混匀，粉碎过40目筛，控制水分不超过5％，作为3号料；
4)取益母草40份，山楂10份，黄芩20份，栀子10份，连翘10份，甘草10份，混匀，粉碎过40目筛，作为4号料；
5)取1号料、2号料、3号料、4号料各1份混匀，控制水分不超过12％，即得。
3.一种权利要求1所述哺乳母猪用饲料添加剂的使用方法，其特征在于，按每吨母猪全价配合饲料添加2000克饲料添加剂的标准在哺乳母猪饲料中添加饲料添加剂，混合均匀后使用。
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| CN112931690A (zh) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-06-11 | 黑龙江省科学院微生物研究所 | 一种仔猪饲料添加剂及其制备方法 |
| CN114376093A (zh) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-04-22 | 北京九州大地生物技术集团股份有限公司 | 适用于母猪的菌酶协同发酵饲料及其制备方法 |
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| CN104304687A (zh) * | 2014-10-22 | 2015-01-28 | 华南农业大学 | 一种猪用饲料霉菌毒素降解吸附剂及其应用 |
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