CN107114296B - system for controlling water flow state of prawn circulating water culture pond and culture method - Google Patents
system for controlling water flow state of prawn circulating water culture pond and culture method Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 21
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 20
- 241000238553 Litopenaeus vannamei Species 0.000 description 8
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000696962 White spot syndrome virus Species 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
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- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 2
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- 241000530454 Litopenaeus schmitti Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000927735 Penaeus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000607272 Vibrio parahaemolyticus Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001525777 Palaemon serratus Species 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
A system for controlling the water flow state of circulating water culture pool for prawn and its culture method are composed of culture pool, water inlet system, water drainage system and aerating system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to systems for controlling the water flow state of a prawn circulating water culture pond and a culture method.
Background
Penaeus vannamei, also known as white leg shrimp or white leg shrimp, was translated to Litopenaeus vannamei, its scientific name Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei Boone 1931, taxonomically belonging to arthropod , Crustacea, Panonychidae, Octopodales, Brangillidiales, Penaeus general, Penaeidae, Penaeus.
The penaeus vannamei boone has the remarkable characteristics of high growth speed of ①, commercial specification reaching 70-100 days in the growth period, long breeding season of ②, annual seedling raising and annual culture, high culture density of ③, high maximum yield per mu of 8000kg, strong adaptability of ④, strong disease resistance, over 70 percent of culture survival rate of , low nutrition requirement of ⑤, capability of meeting the normal growth requirement of the penaeus vannamei boone when the protein content in the feed is 25-30 percent, low culture cost, high ⑥ nutrition value, meat yield of over 65 percent, long survival time of ⑦ leaving water, easiness in fresh and live sale, high market value and the like.
In 1991, the ocean institute of the Chinese scientific research institute is introduced from the United states and Erguar, and since more than 20 years, the south American white shrimps are rapidly developed in China by virtue of excellent variety characteristics, and statistics shows that the culture area of the south American white shrimps in 2014 reaches 45 million hectares, the total culture yield is 127 million tons, and the yield exceeds 550 hundred million yuan. However, the influence of the rapid expansion of the culture scale and the seedling quality problem caused by the self-pollution of the culture become more and more prominent, according to incomplete statistics, the loss caused by prawn diseases caused by White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) and vibrio parahaemolyticus (EMS) of the prawns in China every year exceeds 100 billion yuan, and the trend of rapid spread and more serious harm is presented, and the diseases become the biggest obstacle to the development of the prawn culture industry in China.
Closed recirculating aquaculture is novel aquaculture modes that have developed rapidly in the marine fish aquaculture industry in recent years, it makes more than 90% of aquaculture water recycle through technical treatment such as physical filtration, biological purification, sterilization, degassing, oxygenation, etc., it has the advantages of high aquaculture yield, high automation degree, green and pollution-free product, etc. closed recirculating aquaculture can reduce the pollution of aquaculture to the ecological environment of the water area of the aquaculture area in aspect, in addition, effectively reduce the invasion of exogenous pathogenic microorganism to aquaculture prawns in the aquaculture process in aspect, compared with traditional pond aquaculture, high pond aquaculture and greenhouse aquaculture, it has the characteristics of thorough water change, convenient in-time disease and dead shrimp cleaning, accurate throwing, etc., the aquaculture survival rate is greatly improved, in recent years, more and more enterprises begin to construct and use closed recirculating aquaculture systems to breed prawns.
The water circulation frequency of a common prawn circulating water culture system is low, the traditional square round-angle pond bottom is easy to form sewage deposition, the water quality index of the pond bottom exceeds the standard, the bottom layer is anoxic, dead shrimps cannot be cleaned in time, and therefore the culture failure caused by the sewage deposition happens occasionally.
Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the structure and flow state of the water inside the culture pond.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to solve the technical problems of systems for controlling the water flow state of a prawn circulating water culture pond and a culture method for culturing prawns by using the systems.
The invention relates to a method for controlling the water flow state of a circulating water culture pond of shrimps, which aims at the practical situation of circulating water culture of shrimps in China, and optimizes the structure, water inlet and outlet modes and the oxygen charging mode of the culture pond, culture systems for controlling the water flow state of the circulating water culture pond of shrimps are invented, the culture systems can realize no dead angle of water flow in the whole culture pond and no pollutant deposition at the bottom of the pond, and can quickly discharge pollutants.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
culture systems for controlling the water flow state of prawn circulating water culture pond, comprising culture pond, water inlet system, water discharge system and air charging system;
the culture pond comprises a culture pond main body and partition walls, wherein the culture pond main body is a long-strip pond with two ends designed into circular arcs, the center of the culture pond main body is provided with the partition walls, and the partition walls enable the culture pond to form a culture loop;
the water inlet system comprises a main water inlet pipe, a main water inlet pipe and flow control pipes, wherein the main water inlet pipe branched from the main water inlet pipe penetrates through the circular arc-shaped upper wall of the end of the culture pond main body and is introduced into the partition wall, the upper pipe wall of the main water inlet pipe is 10cm away from the culture pond surface, the main water inlet pipe enters the partition wall and is immediately folded downwards to the bottom of the culture pond main body, then the main water inlet pipe is introduced to the other end of the partition wall in the partition wall along the length direction of the partition wall, the main water inlet pipe is embedded in the partition wall, and five flow control pipes are respectively branched from the water inlet pipe at the;
the drainage system comprises a drainage pipe and a water return sleeve, the drainage pipe is connected with the bottom of the conical sewage collecting tank and leads to the water return sleeve outside the main body of the culture pond, the water return sleeve consists of an inner sleeve and an outer vertical pipe, the inner sleeve controls the water level of the culture pond in a reverse siphon mode, and the outer vertical pipe is connected with a water return main pipeline;
the air inlet system comprises an air delivery pipe, a nano oxygen increasing pipe and a connecting hose, wherein the air delivery pipe is positioned at the top end of the inner wall of the culture pond main body, the nano oxygen increasing pipe is positioned at the bottom of the inner wall of the culture pond main body, and the connecting hose is connected with the nano oxygen increasing pipe and the air delivery pipe.
According to the method for culturing by using the culture system, the culture water enters from the main water inlet pipe and the main water inlet pipe in sequence and is sprayed out from the flow control pipe, and a horizontal circulation is formed by the partition wall in a blocking way; the air inflates the water for cultivation through the air pipe, the connecting hose and the nanometer oxygenation pipe, so that the water for cultivation forms vertical circulation; the residual baits and the excrement which are sunk to the bottom of the pond in the culture process slide down to the periphery of the inner wall of the pond along the gradient of the bottom of the pond under the action of gravity and vertical circulation, slide down to the vicinity of the inflation tube and rise to the water surface under the action of air lift of the inflation tube, large granular sewage which is sunk to the bottom of the pond slides down to the periphery of the inner wall of the pond along the gradient of the bottom of the pond under the action of gravity and vertical circulation, then slowly converge into the sewage collecting tank under the action of horizontal circulation, finally are discharged out of the pond through the sewage discharge pipe, and the dead shrimps are timely discharged out of the culture.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) during the culture process, the residual baits and the dejecta sinking to the bottom of the pool slide down to the periphery of the inner wall of the pool along the gradient of the bottom of the pool under the action of gravity and vertical circulation, and slide to the vicinity of the gas-filled tube and rise to the water surface under the action of the gas lift of the gas-filled tube 11, so that the deposition of culture pollutants at the bottom of the pool is effectively avoided, small-particle sewage circularly flows along with the water body, and the problem of rising indexes of ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrite and the like in the water body due to putrefaction.
(2) In the culture process, large particles such as dead shrimps and the like which sink to the bottom of the pond slide down to the periphery of the inner wall of the pond along the gradient of the bottom of the pond under the action of gravity and vertical circulation, then slowly converge into the sewage collecting tank 6 under the action of horizontal circulation, finally are discharged out of the pond through the sewage discharge pipe 7, and the dead shrimps are timely discharged out of the circulating water culture system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of the system of the present invention; 1. the device comprises a culture pond main body, 2, partition walls, 3, a main water inlet pipe, 4, a main water inlet pipe 5, a flow control pipe, 6, a conical sewage collecting tank, 7, a blow-off pipe, 8, a return water sleeve, 9 and a return water main pipe;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a system A-A of the present invention; 3. the system comprises a main water inlet pipe 4, a main water inlet pipe 5, a flow control pipe 6, a conical sewage collecting tank 7, a sewage discharge pipe 8, a water return sleeve pipe 9 and a water return main pipe;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of system B-B of the present invention; 1. the aquaculture pond comprises a main body of the aquaculture pond, 2 partition walls, 3 a main water inlet pipe, 4 a main water inlet pipe 5, a flow control pipe 10, a gas delivery pipe, 11 and a nanometer oxygenation pipe.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated in by the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited in any way by the examples.
Examples
culture systems for controlling the water flow state of prawn circulating water culture pond, comprising culture pond, water inlet system, water discharge system and air charging system;
(1) structure of cultivation pool
The culture pond comprises a culture pond main body and a partition wall, wherein the culture pond main body 1 is a long-strip-shaped pond with two ends designed into circular arcs, the center of the culture pond main body is provided with the partition wall 2, the partition wall enables the culture pond main body 1 to form a culture loop, the loop is 28.3 meters long, the loop is 1.4 meters wide and 1.0 meter deep, the culture pond main body is 0.8 meter higher than an indoor terrace, and an effective culture water body is 33.0 cubic meters, a bottom plate of the culture pond main body 1 is of a reinforced concrete structure, the wall of the culture pond main body and the partition wall 2 are both of a brick concrete structure, the bottom of the culture pond main body is designed into a slope shape, the bottom of the partition wall 2 is high, the bottom of the culture pond wall is low, the slope of the bottom of the culture pond main body is 5%, a conical sewage collecting groove 6 is arranged in the middle of an -end circular arc of the culture pond main body, the diameter of the sewage collecting groove 6 is 800 centimeters, the conical bottom of the conical sewage collecting groove is.
(2) Drainage system
Drainage system include blow off pipe 7 and return water sleeve pipe 8, blow off pipe 7 connects conical collection dirt tank bottom and leads to the return water sleeve pipe 8 of breeding the 1 outside of pond main part, return water sleeve pipe 8 comprises the outer riser that the interior sleeve pipe of diameter 110 millimeters and diameter are 200 millimeters, interior sleeve pipe is with falling siphon mode control and breed the pond water level, return water trunk line 9 is connected to outer riser, interior sleeve pipe and outer riser concrete structure see the patent number: 201210091105.3, entitled multifunctional backwater device of seawater fish factory circulating water aquaculture system.
(3) Water inlet system
The water inlet system comprises a main water inlet pipe 3, a main water inlet pipe 4 and flow control pipes 5, wherein a main water inlet pipe branched from the main water inlet pipe penetrates through the circular arc-shaped upper wall of the end of the culture pond and is led into the partition wall 2, the upper pipe wall of the main water inlet pipe 9 is 10cm away from the surface of the culture pond, the main water inlet pipe enters the partition wall and is immediately folded downwards to the bottom of the main body of the culture pond, then the main water inlet pipe is led to the other end of the partition wall in the partition wall along the length direction of the partition wall, the main water inlet pipe is embedded in the partition wall, five flow control pipes are respectively branched from the water inlet pipe at the bottom of the partition.
(4) Inflation system
The air inlet system comprises an air delivery pipe, a nanometer oxygenation pipe and a connecting hose, wherein the air delivery pipe is positioned at the top end of the inner wall of the culture pond main body and is a PVC pipe with the diameter of 20 mm, the nanometer oxygenation pipe with the diameter of 20 mm is positioned at the bottom of the inner wall of the culture pond main body, and the nanometer oxygenation pipe is connected with the air delivery pipe through a PE hose.
In the culture process, a horizontal circulation is formed in the pond by adjusting the flow direction of the flow control pipe 5; a vertical circulation is formed in the pool by utilizing the air stripping action generated by the aeration of the aeration pipe 11; the residual baits and the excrement which are sunk to the bottom of the pond in the culture process slide down to the periphery of the inner wall of the pond along the gradient of the bottom of the pond under the action of gravity and vertical circulation, slide down to the vicinity of the inflation tube and rise to the water surface under the action of air lift of the inflation tube, large granular sewage which is sunk to the bottom of the pond slides down to the periphery of the inner wall of the pond along the gradient of the bottom of the pond under the action of gravity and vertical circulation, then slowly converge into the sewage collecting tank under the action of horizontal circulation, finally are discharged out of the pond through the sewage discharge pipe, and the dead shrimps are timely discharged out of the culture.
8 months in 2015, Qingdao Excellent group Limited company starts to construct the system, the culture operation starts at 23 days in 11 months in the year, the parent shrimps are new varieties of Penaeus vannamei Boone of Hainan No. 1 bred by the yellow sea aquatic research institute of Chinese Aquaculture institute of Aquaculture science, the average length of the parent shrimps is 20.5 cm, the average weight is 23.2 g, the parent shrimps are strictly screened and subjected to pathogen detection before entering a pond, no obvious body surface injury exists, no white spot virus (WSSV) or vibrio parahemolyticus (EMS) exists, and the stocking density is 20 pairs/square meter; the culture water is filtered near-shore seawater, the indoor culture system and the bioremediation tank are filled with water before culture operation, and the culture water is disinfected for 24 hours and fully aerated by 100ppm bleaching solution. And 3, 15 days in 2016, the water body of the culture pond is always in a horizontal circulation state and a vertical circulation state, no sediment is left at the bottom of the pond, the water quality index of a culture workshop meets the requirement of pollution-free culture of the prawns, no specific pathogen is detected in the cultured seed prawns, and the culture survival rate is 99.2 percent.
Claims (2)
- The cultivation system for controlling the water flow state of the circulating water cultivation pond for the prawns comprises a cultivation pond, a water inlet system, a drainage system and an inflation system and is characterized in that the cultivation pond comprises a cultivation pond main body (1) and a partition wall (2), wherein the cultivation pond main body is a long-strip pond with two ends designed into circular arcs, the partition wall is arranged in the center of the cultivation pond main body (1) and enables the cultivation pond to form a cultivation loop, the bottom of the cultivation pond main body is designed into a slope shape, the height of the bottom of the partition wall is higher than that of the bottom of the wall of the cultivation pond main body, the slope of the bottom of the cultivation pond main body is 5%, a conical sewage collection groove (6) is arranged in the middle of the circular arc at the end of the cultivation pond main body, the slope of the bottom of the conical sewage collection groove is 10%, and a drain pipe (7);the water inlet system comprises a main water inlet pipe (3), a main water inlet pipe (4) and flow control pipes (5), wherein the main water inlet pipe penetrates through the circular-arc-shaped upper wall of the end of the culture pond main body and is led into the partition wall, the upper pipe wall of the main water inlet pipe is 10cm away from the surface of the culture pond, the main water inlet pipe enters the partition wall and is immediately folded downwards to the bottom of the culture pond main body, then the main water inlet pipe is led to the other end of the partition wall in the partition wall along the length direction of the partition wall, the main water inlet pipe is embedded in the partition wall, and five flow control pipes are respectively divided from the main water inlet pipe at the bottom in;the drainage system comprises a drainage pipe (7) and a water return sleeve (8), the drainage pipe is connected with the bottom of the conical sewage collecting tank and leads to the water return sleeve outside the main body of the culture pond, the water return sleeve consists of an inner sleeve and an outer vertical pipe, the inner sleeve controls the water level of the culture pond in a mode of an inverted siphon, and the outer vertical pipe is connected with a water return main pipeline (9);the air inflation system comprises an air delivery pipe (10), a nanometer oxygenation pipe (11) and a connecting hose, wherein the air delivery pipe is located at the top end of the inner wall of the culture pond main body, the nanometer oxygenation pipe is located at the bottom of the inner wall of the culture pond main body, and the connecting hose is connected with the nanometer oxygenation pipe and the air delivery pipe.
- 2, kinds of the method for cultivating the shrimps by using the cultivating system of claim 1, wherein the cultivating water is sequentially fed from the main water inlet pipe and sprayed out from the flow control pipe, the partition wall is used for blocking and forming a horizontal circulation, the gas is used for inflating the cultivating water through the gas pipe, the connecting hose and the nano oxygen increasing pipe, so that the cultivating water forms a vertical circulation, the residual bait and the excrement which are sunk to the bottom of the pond slide down to the periphery of the inner wall of the pond along the gradient of the bottom of the pond under the action of gravity and the vertical circulation, the residual bait and the excrement slide down to the periphery of the inner wall of the pond along the gradient of the bottom of the pond and rise to the water surface under the action of the gas lift of the nano oxygen increasing pipe in the cultivating process, the large-sized granular sewage which is sunk to the bottom of the pond slides down to the periphery of the inner wall of the pond along the gradient of the bottom of the pond.
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| CN107801674A (en) * | 2017-10-21 | 2018-03-16 | 福建省融盛农业综合开发有限公司 | A kind of circulating water device for prawn culturing |
| US20190373843A1 (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2019-12-12 | The trü Shrimp Company | Raceways and systems thereof |
| CN110122397B (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2021-07-27 | 宁波大学 | Continuous and automatic sewage discharge aquaculture system and method |
| CN112715466B (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-06-28 | 宁波大学 | Double-arc continuous concentration and pollution discharge device and method for shrimp culture system |
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Effective date of registration: 20200528 Address after: 261312 Huxin Island, Xiaying Town, Changyi City, Weifang City, Shandong Province (office building of old fishery administration station) Patentee after: Bangpu Seed Technology Co., Ltd Address before: 266071 Shandong Province, Qingdao city Nanjing Road No. 106 Patentee before: YELLOW SEA FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE CHINESE ACADEMY OF FISHERY SCIENCES |