CN107109708A - 用于螺纹连接的密封材料 - Google Patents

用于螺纹连接的密封材料 Download PDF

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CN107109708A
CN107109708A CN201580068900.2A CN201580068900A CN107109708A CN 107109708 A CN107109708 A CN 107109708A CN 201580068900 A CN201580068900 A CN 201580068900A CN 107109708 A CN107109708 A CN 107109708A
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约瑟夫·巴赫迈尔
约瑟夫·赛尔灵格
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于螺纹连接的柔性密封材料，该柔性密封材料特别是由带状或线状的PTFE单丝或复丝制成。本发明的目的是提供有利的密封条件，其中该细丝是由未拉延的PTFE制成的，该未拉延的PTFE是带状或线状的并且用高压添加剂进行改性。

Description

用于螺纹连接的密封材料
本发明涉及一种用于螺纹连接的柔性密封材料，该柔性密封材料由特别是呈带或线的形式的柔性PTFE-单丝或复丝制成。
这种类型的密封元件，特别是密封带或密封线，充当用于非常多种多样的连接、用于管连接或用于密封由金属或塑料制成的螺纹的密封件。为此目的，在螺纹连接完成之前，将聚四氟乙烯线或聚四氟乙烯带缠绕在要求密封的螺纹螺齿周围。这些密封元件充当先前用于密封管道中的螺纹的大麻的替代物。它们目前以非常多种多样的形式使用，具体实例是密封带和密封线。市场上可获得的密封带总是呈定向形式的PTFE单丝，主要在表面上配备有全氟化的润滑剂，或者需要在表面上施加该类型的润滑剂。
早在1961年，US 3002270 A公开提出了使用PTFE(聚四氟乙烯)带作为在管连接中的阳螺纹与阴螺纹之间的密封夹层。通过以下方式生产该带，将粉状PTFE与小比例的油状增加物混合、挤出并且在压延辊系统中轧制以给出长的薄带，并且最后卷起。在该压延辊系统中或在其下游，以这样一种方式拉伸该带，即，使得其密度变成从1.2g/mm3到1.8g/mm3。
已知的是，当螺纹连接完成时，用于随后调节的要求经常使得将所述螺纹接头再次分开并且重新连接是不可避免的。然而，在此必要的是在这个程序期间、以及还有之后，保证防漏连接。在将全氟化的润滑剂单独施加到该PTFE单丝上的情况下，符合此具体要求用目前在市场上可获得的PTFE单丝产品可以仅确保至受限制的程度。在其他情况下，始终必要的是在分开螺纹接头之后，还替换密封元件，以便确保其具有所要求的防漏品质。
EP 0801254 A1(1997年公开的)描述了一种用于零件的材料，这些零件不仅必须充当可移动阀零件的滑动件，而且还必须是耐用的，并且还是密封的；因此，典型地这些零件是用于塞阀的轴承衬。该材料是富含添加剂的PTFE。这些添加剂是具有层状晶体结构的固体润滑剂的颗粒，例如滑石粉或石墨。该生产工艺挤出和/或压延(轧制)材料的混合物以给出带，将其卷起以给出卷形物，将其以卷形物的形式压缩，并且最后在约380℃的温度下将其烧结持续数小时以给出致密、相对硬的产品，该产品具有经久地良好的低摩擦表面。挤出和/或压延以对于低摩擦特性理想的方式实现与所得带并且最后刚性成品的表面平行的添加剂的层状晶体的定向。不存在以下意图，并且当然不存在以下建议，呈带形式的中间产品用于密封目的。
从当前现有技术水平开始，本发明基于提供用于柔性密封元件的密封材料的目的，该柔性密封元件充当在阳螺纹与阴螺纹之间的密封夹层，特别地用于管连接，同时展示了改进的密封特性并且在一定程度上允许随后调节螺纹接头，而没有任何产生的对于替换所述元件的要求，这在压力条件下也适用。
本发明实现了这个目的，因为该密封材料是PTFE单丝-或复丝，该单丝或复丝特别地呈带或线的形式并且已经用高压添加剂进行了改性并且是无定向的。
因为该密封材料没有被烧结(像EP 0801254 A1中的密封材料，其在多个方面中是可比较的)，它保持相对软的并且相对柔性的，并且具有相对高的摩擦系数，并且因此不会在密封螺纹接头的正确组装期间滑出位置。此外，生产成本是非常低得多的。
因为该密封材料不是定向的(像在前言中提及的PTFE密封带或密封线)，它比定向的材料更致密、较不多孔的、并且更可变形的，并且具有比定向的材料更软的塑性特性。良好的塑性可变形性有可能是造成以下事实的原因：当该材料被用作在密封螺纹连接的阳螺纹和阴螺纹零件的组装和调节期间的夹层时，它提供了良好的润滑效应，使得不存在对于任何附加的物质如油的需要。
高压添加剂采取精细颗粒粉末的形式，并且被分类成发挥结构效应、化学效应或物理效应的物质。在最常用的高压添加剂之中的是二硫化钼、石墨、磷酸三钙、焦磷酸锌、氢氧化钙、铝、硫化锌、氧化锌和氟化钙。二氧化钛同样可以用作高压添加剂，具有以下优点：它可用于食品工业中。
虽然PTFE本身具有非常低的摩擦系数，但它不具有层-晶格结构，并且仅发挥物理效应。因此，用具有层-晶格结构并且还发挥化学效应的高压添加剂改性PTFE是对于用作螺纹用的密封线特别有利的。为此目的特别有吸引力的材料是硫化钼(MoS2)、二硫化钨(WS2)和二氧化钛(TiO2)、其混合物和其他类似的高压添加剂。
本发明的密封材料的实质优点是，在组装之后对螺纹接头进行随后调节依然是可能的；这在压力条件下也适用。特别地，在该密封材料已经被缠绕在其上之后已经被拧紧的螺纹接头可以被分开至至少四分之一转的程度而没有它可能泄漏的风险。用高压添加剂改性该无定向的PTFE单丝导致改进的抗压缩变形性。
高压添加剂的操作模式是基于它们的结晶结构，该结晶结构允许它们发挥润滑效应而不改变金属表面。层-晶格晶体通常凭借它们的结构具有一个平面，其中它们显著地更易于裂开；因此，薄层像纸的叠层彼此滑过。这种低内摩擦对于润滑特性是重要的。因此，结果是在增加压力下，低摩擦膜在金属表面之间形成并确保移动自由度。
高压添加剂有利地是该细丝的按重量计从0.1％至5.0％。甚至0.1％的高压添加剂的加入提供了在材料的特性上的显著改进，但是高于5.0％的加入既不是有成本效益的也不是有用的。
本发明的实质优点是，已经用高压添加剂改性的无定向的PTFE膜具有所要求的改进的密封特性，并且允许随后调节螺纹接头至一定程度，而不损害密封装置；这在压力条件下也适用。此优点本质上可归因于以下事实：将高压添加剂引入到该聚合物内可以控制PTFE的不利冷流动。同时，高压添加剂充当干润滑剂，替代全氟化的润滑剂的附加施加。该密封元件可以采取任何所希望的形式，但是特别地是通用的密封元件，不论形式如何，特别是具有任何所希望的宽度和厚度的密封带或密封线。用对于所提及的密封目的生产的PTFE膜或用从所述膜切割的密封带或密封线的适当试验显示了优异的结果连同非常良好的可加工性，这些膜由已经用高压添加剂改性的无定向的PTFE制成并且没有全氟化的润滑剂。所描述的膜以带和线两种形式在高达200巴及以上的压力下在非常多种多样的类型的螺纹和材料上进行测试。
从1.20g/cm3至1.80g/cm3、特别地从1.50g/cm3至1.70g/cm3的密度的无定向的PTFE膜有利地具有所要求的改进的密封特性，以便允许随后调节螺纹接头至一定程度，而不损害密封装置。
未改性的聚四氟乙烯具有已知的优点如优异的耐化学性、非常低的滑动摩擦系数、从-200℃至260℃的使用范围、无吸水性、无硬化等，并且原则上具有对于以提出的无定向形式用作螺纹密封材料的非常良好的适用性。然而，所述材料的相当大的缺点是冷流动，这在不将高压添加剂引入到该PTFE聚合物内的情况下仅允许随后调节至最小程度。在此所要求的防漏特性可以确保仅仅至受限制的程度。当施加高扭矩时，这在完成螺纹连接期间是不可避免的，同样存在密封表面的磨损的风险。当螺纹连接由不锈钢制成时，存在关于密封表面的磨损的特定风险。
该无定向的PTFE膜通过压延产生。在生产本发明的密封装置期间可能要求的任何润滑剂在压延之后的干燥过程期间蒸发。与现有技术相比，借助于压延工艺制造的膜网在进一步加工以给出密封带或密封线之前不是定向的，并且也不存在润滑剂的进一步施加，现有技术中、特别地在该膜的定向之后存在润滑剂的进一步施加。单丝表面因此是无润滑剂的；这在本发明上下文中的含义是不存在任何单独的润滑剂层的施加。市场上可获得的常规的PTFE螺纹密封线或带总是定向的并附加地提供有润滑剂。
将高压添加剂嵌入到PTFE基质内，例如以干润滑剂的形式，旨在提供PTFE的冷流动特性的实质性改进；这些的最终结果是允许螺纹接头的进一步旋转；这在压力条件下也适用。因此，提供了对提供有全氟化的润滑剂的定向密封带和线(其中该润滑剂仅已经被施加在表面上)的另一种替代方案。在加工期间将高压添加剂直接结合到该PTFE聚合物内可以实现均匀的分布。对于不允许使用脂肪或油的应用，高压添加剂作为干润滑剂具有优异的适用性，并且因此它们还被批准用于氧气管线中的应用。相比于将润滑剂施加到表面上，将提及的添加剂引入到PTFE聚合物内的优点是，润滑特性是永久可获得的，因为颗粒已被确切地嵌入在PTFE基质内并且不能蒸发。相比之下，施加到PTFE密封带和密封线的表面上的润滑剂可以相对容易地蒸发。
为了改进在要求密封的螺纹周围缠绕期间的一致性，可能有利的是在膜上穿孔。这意味着例如通过针在该膜或密封带或密封线上垂直于其纵向方向穿孔。呈槽形式的凸起同样可以优化膜的应用或到螺纹螺齿内的渗透，并且因此优化密封效应。在此该槽优选地延伸跨越截面并且在单丝方向上定向。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于螺纹连接的密封材料，该密封材料由特别是呈带或线的形式的柔性PTFE-单丝或复丝制成，其特征在于，该细丝由无定向的PTFE构成，该无定向的PTFE采取该带或线的形式并且已经用高压添加剂进行了改性。
2.如权利要求1所述的密封材料，其特征在于，高压添加剂是该细丝的按重量计从0.1％至5.0％。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的密封材料，其特征在于，这些高压添加剂选自硫化钼(MoS2)、二硫化钨(WS2)和二氧化钛(TiO2)的组，或由其混合物构成。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的密封材料，其特征在于，该细丝是具有从1.20g/cm3至1.80g/cm3的密度的无定向的PTFE。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的密封材料，其特征在于，该单丝表面是无润滑剂的。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的密封材料，其特征在于，该PTFE单丝已经被穿孔。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的密封材料，其特征在于，该PTFE单丝具有至少一个在单丝纵向方向上延伸的槽。
CN201580068900.2A 2014-10-31 2015-10-27 用于螺纹连接的密封材料 Pending CN107109708A (zh)

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BR112017008844A2 (pt) 2017-12-19
EP3212828A1 (de) 2017-09-06
JP2017534743A (ja) 2017-11-24
AU2015337831A1 (en) 2017-05-25
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