CN107107481B - 用于生成地制造三维结构件的设备 - Google Patents

用于生成地制造三维结构件的设备 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN107107481B
CN107107481B CN201680005679.0A CN201680005679A CN107107481B CN 107107481 B CN107107481 B CN 107107481B CN 201680005679 A CN201680005679 A CN 201680005679A CN 107107481 B CN107107481 B CN 107107481B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
scanner
monitoring system
process monitoring
equipment according
equipment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201680005679.0A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN107107481A (zh
Inventor
F·赫尔佐克
F·贝希曼
T·贝克斯
F·措伊尔纳
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Concept Laser Co ltd
Original Assignee
CL Schutzrechtsverwaltung GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CL Schutzrechtsverwaltung GmbH filed Critical CL Schutzrechtsverwaltung GmbH
Priority to CN201910661202.3A priority Critical patent/CN110394981B/zh
Publication of CN107107481A publication Critical patent/CN107107481A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN107107481B publication Critical patent/CN107107481B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342—Build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/49—Scanners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/03—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
    • B23K26/034—Observing the temperature of the workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/04—Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light
    • B23K26/046—Automatically focusing the laser beam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
    • B28B17/0063—Control arrangements
    • B28B17/0081—Process control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
    • B29C64/129—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask
    • B29C64/135—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask the energy source being concentrated, e.g. scanning lasers or focused light sources
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/31—Calibration of process steps or apparatus settings, e.g. before or during manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/368—Temperature or temperature gradient, e.g. temperature of the melt pool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
    • B22F10/85—Data acquisition or data processing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/22—Driving means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于生成地制造三维结构件(2)的设备、即激光熔化设备或激光烧结设备，其中，借助辐射(4)的作用通过熔化建造材料(5)通过依次固化各个由可固化的建造材料组成的层(3)来制造结构件(2)，其中，通过点状或线状的能量输入产生的熔化区(6)在其尺寸形状方面和/或在其温度方面可通过过程监控系统的传感器装置(8)探测并由此可得到用于评估结构件质量的传感器值，其中，由熔化区产生的、用于产生传感器值的辐射(9)穿过用于熔化能量输入的扫描器并由扫描器引导到过程监控系统的传感器装置(8)上，其中，在介于扫描器(10)与过程监控系统的传感器装置(8)之间的、用于产生传感器值的光路上布置光学焦点跟踪装置(20)，它可通过电子机器数据来控制以进行焦点跟踪。

Description

用于生成地制造三维结构件的设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于生成地(generativen)制造三维结构件的设备，即激光烧结设备或激光熔化设备。
背景技术
在这种设备中，通过建造材料的熔合或熔化通过借助辐射的作用依次固化各个由建造材料尤其是粉末材料组成的层来制造结构件。通过点状或线状的能量输入产生的熔化区在它的尺寸、形状或温度方面通过传感器装置来探测。由此得到用于评估结构件质量的传感器值。通过熔化区产生的、用于产生传感器值的辐射穿过用于熔化能量输入的扫描器。这种设备例如由DE202010010771U1已知。
但是备选地，熔化束的焦点的改变也可以通过改变建造平面与扫描器光学系统之间的距离、即，通过降低和升高建造平台来进行。
发明内容
本发明基于的任务是，这样地设计一种用于生成地制造三维结构件的设备、即激光熔化设备或激光烧结设备，使得在激光焦点变化和与之伴随的激光焦斑变化的情况下，可以保证优化地实施过程监控。
按照本发明的设备首先包括这样一个装置：它使得焦点移动和进而还有光斑尺寸变化成为可能。这可以一方面通过所谓的3D-扫描光学系统来实现，利用该3D-扫描光学系统在过程中可以实现焦点调节、即激光焦斑的位于待熔化的表面上的光斑尺寸的改变。
此外规定，在设备的扫描器与过程监控系统的传感器装置之间布置光学的焦点跟踪装置，该焦点跟踪装置可以通过在设备中在工艺流程中所使用的电子的机器数据来控制以进行焦点跟踪。
通过这些措施使得过程监控系统的“视野”自动地适配于在熔斑的区域中在粉末表面上在过程中实际进行的情况。如果熔化束的焦斑扩大，那么自动地通过所使用的过程数据将过程监控系统的视角这样地扩宽，即，使得扩大的熔斑可以被过程监控系统完全地探测到，也就是说即使在其边缘区域也能被探测到，由此提供足够精确的数据用于过程监控。这同样适用于熔斑缩小的情况，此时通过电子机器数据控制的光学的焦点跟踪装置负责使缩小的熔池可以被精确地检查，这同样导致过程监控结果的显著改善。
例如通过手动调节过程监控系统的物镜系统而实现的手动跟踪可以被取消，过程监控过程自动地分别与使粉末熔化所用的焦点相适配。
用于过程监控系统的焦点跟踪的机器数据例如可以是设备的PC-扫描器控制卡的扫描器控制数据，在存在所谓的3D-扫描器的情况下PC-扫描器控制卡控制扫描器透镜的焦点。但是机器数据也可以是由建造过程参数导出的数据或包括由建造过程参数导出的数据。
焦点跟踪光学系统具有至少一个可机动地移动的光学聚焦元件，例如聚焦透镜，但是聚焦元件也可以设计成可机动地移动的透镜组。
为了在任何情况下确保改善过程监控，可以特别有利的是，过程监控系统的焦点跟踪光学系统在对被引导到粉末层上的熔化束的焦点调节之前实施。这意味着，扫描器数据首先执行过程监控系统的焦点调节,用于熔化束的焦点调节(其同样是通过机器数据来进行控制)在时间上跟随在过程监控系统的焦点调节之后。这可以通过简单的延迟电路或延迟控制来实现，所述延迟电路或延迟控制例如仅当过程监控系统已经被调节到新的焦点上时，才对熔化束进行焦点调节。
传感器装置可以包括多个光敏元件，所述多个光敏元件可以选择地或也可以共同地被引入到过程监控系统的光束中或一部分光束中。这可以通过转向镜、分束器或类似装置实现。如果使用分束器，那么可能的是，使传感器装置的多个或全部光敏元件并行地运行，并且必要时在不同的光谱范围内进行并行测量，该并行测量可以引入到过程监控中。可考虑的传感器范围例如为780-950nm的波长范围，另一个可能感兴趣的波长范围可以选择在1200nm左右。
在每种情况下都必须保证，在过程监控的区域中熔化束焦点调节通过焦点跟踪装置进行补偿。
附图说明
本发明借助于附图中的实施例进行详细解释。在该图中示出:
包括具有光学焦点跟踪的过程监控系统的激光熔化设备形式的、用于生成地制造三维结构件的设备的主要部件的示意图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出的设备1用于生成地制造三维的结构件2，所述结构件通过建造材料5的熔化借助辐射4的作用通过依次固化可固化的建造材料的层3来制造。建造平面7中的通过点状或线状的能量输入产生的熔化区在它的尺寸形状方面和/或在它的温度方面通过过程监控系统的传感器装置8进行探测。由此得到用于评估结构件质量的传感器值，其中，通过熔化区产生的、用于产生传感器值的辐射9仿佛在向后的方向上穿过用于输入熔化能量的扫描器10，并且由该扫描器引导到过程监控系统的传感器装置8上。在过程监控系统中，由熔化区产生的、反射的辐射穿过扫描器沿向后的方向被引导到传感器装置上，这种过程监控系统称为所谓的同轴的过程监控系统，这是因为从激光器发出的用于能量输入的辐射和用于过程监控系统的经反射的辐射同轴地穿过扫描器。
传感器装置8可以包括摄像机15或光电二极管16，或者也可以包括多个光敏元件，其中，可以规定，用于产生传感器值的辐射9穿过分束器17，所述分束器将辐射例如分布到摄像机或光电二极管或另外的光敏元件上。
按照本发明，在扫描器10和过程监控系统的传感器装置8之间布置光学的焦点跟踪装置20，所述焦点跟踪装置可以通过电子的机器数据21、22重新调节以进行焦点跟踪。
焦点跟踪装置包括至少一个可机动地调节的光学聚焦元件，例如可机动地移动的透镜组23，用于实施对用于产生传感器值的辐射9的再聚焦。
当设备的至少包括辐射源和扫描器的光路配备有用于熔化束焦点调节的光学调节装置30，或者熔化束的焦点调节通过机械地移动建造平面7来进行时，实施所述再聚焦。
机器数据一方面可以是或者可以包括来自扫描器控制卡的扫描器控制数据，其中，这种扫描器控制数据主要在Z-轴聚焦方面影响3D-扫描器。
但是机器数据也可以是或者可以包括由建造过程参数导出的数据、尤其是用于对建造平面的高度进行调节的数据，这是因为建造平面的高度调节同样导致熔化束的散焦。
通过被输送给焦点跟踪装置20的机器数据，可以在时间上如此进行控制：即，利用焦点跟踪装置20进行的对用于产生传感器值的辐射9的焦点跟踪在3D-扫描器10的Z-轴调节之前实现，或导致建造平面的高度调节。由此保证，在应用激光辐射并且由此产生待被监控的熔池时，用于产生传感器值的辐射9已经在其焦点方面被优化。
为了能够评价传感器装置8的数据、即来自摄像机15的摄像机数据和来自光电二极管16的传感器数据，设置处理器单元，在该处理器单元中数据可以被处理、存储和必要时转换成一种使3D-数据例如用于逆向工程而能够可视化的格式。
附图标记列表：
1 设备
2 结构件
3 层
4 辐射
5 建造材料
7 建造平面
8 传感器装置
9 辐射
10 扫描器
15 摄像机
16 光电二极管
17 分束器
20 焦点跟踪装置
21 机器数据
22 机器数据
23 透镜组
30 光学调节装置

Claims (13)

1.一种用于生成地制造三维结构件(2)的设备、即激光熔化设备或激光烧结设备，在该设备中，借助辐射(4)的作用通过建造材料(5)的熔化通过依次固化各个由能固化的建造材料组成的层(3)来制造所述结构件(2)，其中，通过点状或线状的能量输入产生的熔化区(6)在其尺寸形状方面和/或在温度方面能通过过程监控系统的传感器装置(8)来探测，并由此能得到用于评估结构件质量的传感器值，其中，由熔化区产生的、用于产生传感器值的辐射(9)穿过用于输入熔化能量的扫描器，并由所述扫描器引导到过程监控系统的传感器装置(8)上，其特征在于，在介于扫描器(10)与过程监控系统的传感器装置(8)之间的、用于产生传感器值的光路上布置有光学的焦点跟踪装置(20)，所述焦点跟踪装置能由电子的机器数据进行控制以进行焦点跟踪。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备的至少包括辐射源和扫描器的光路配备有用于熔化束焦点调节的光学调节装置(30)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，熔化束(4)的焦点调节通过机械地移动建造平面(7)来实施。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，机器数据是PC-扫描器控制卡的扫描器控制数据或包括PC-扫描器控制卡的扫描器控制数据。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，机器数据是从建造过程参数中导出的数据或包括从建造过程参数中导出的数据。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，焦点跟踪光学系统具有至少一个能以电机驱动的方式移动的光学的聚焦元件。
7.根据权利要求6所述的设备，其特征在于，聚焦元件被构造成能以电机驱动的方式移动的透镜组。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，通过焦点跟踪光学系统，过程监控系统的焦点调节能在对被引导到粉末层上的熔化束的焦点调节之前实施。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，传感器装置(8)包括多个光敏元件(15，16)，所述多个光敏元件能选择地或共同地被引入过程监控系统的光束中。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，过程监控系统的传感器被设计用于780nm-950nm的波长范围。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，传感器被设计用于1200nm左右的波长范围。
12.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，从多个传感器中导出的电子信号在一个过程监控系统中并行地进行处理。
13.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，焦点跟踪装置的焦点跟踪被设计用于对离开扫描器的熔化束的熔化束焦点调节进行补偿。
CN201680005679.0A 2015-01-14 2016-01-12 用于生成地制造三维结构件的设备 Active CN107107481B (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910661202.3A CN110394981B (zh) 2015-01-14 2016-01-12 用于生成地制造三维结构件的设备

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015000102.7 2015-01-14
DE102015000102.7A DE102015000102A1 (de) 2015-01-14 2015-01-14 Vorrichtung zur generativen Herstellung dreidimensionaler Bauteile
PCT/EP2016/050470 WO2016113253A1 (de) 2015-01-14 2016-01-12 Vorrichtung zur generativen herstellung dreidimensionaler bauteile

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201910661202.3A Division CN110394981B (zh) 2015-01-14 2016-01-12 用于生成地制造三维结构件的设备

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN107107481A CN107107481A (zh) 2017-08-29
CN107107481B true CN107107481B (zh) 2019-08-20

Family

ID=55168234

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201680005679.0A Active CN107107481B (zh) 2015-01-14 2016-01-12 用于生成地制造三维结构件的设备
CN201910661202.3A Active CN110394981B (zh) 2015-01-14 2016-01-12 用于生成地制造三维结构件的设备

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201910661202.3A Active CN110394981B (zh) 2015-01-14 2016-01-12 用于生成地制造三维结构件的设备

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US11179806B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP3245043B1 (zh)
JP (2) JP6563021B2 (zh)
CN (2) CN107107481B (zh)
DE (1) DE102015000102A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2016113253A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6316991B2 (ja) 2014-06-20 2018-04-25 ヴェロ・スリー・ディー・インコーポレイテッド ３次元物体を生成するための方法
DE102015000102A1 (de) * 2015-01-14 2016-07-14 Cl Schutzrechtsverwaltungs Gmbh Vorrichtung zur generativen Herstellung dreidimensionaler Bauteile
US9676145B2 (en) 2015-11-06 2017-06-13 Velo3D, Inc. Adept three-dimensional printing
US10183330B2 (en) 2015-12-10 2019-01-22 Vel03D, Inc. Skillful three-dimensional printing
CN108883575A (zh) 2016-02-18 2018-11-23 维洛3D公司 准确的三维打印
EP3263316B1 (en) 2016-06-29 2019-02-13 VELO3D, Inc. Three-dimensional printing and three-dimensional printers
US11691343B2 (en) 2016-06-29 2023-07-04 Velo3D, Inc. Three-dimensional printing and three-dimensional printers
WO2018064349A1 (en) 2016-09-30 2018-04-05 Velo3D, Inc. Three-dimensional objects and their formation
CN106493364B (zh) * 2016-10-26 2017-07-04 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 一种低活化马氏体钢选区激光熔化增材制造工艺
US20180126462A1 (en) 2016-11-07 2018-05-10 Velo3D, Inc. Gas flow in three-dimensional printing
DE102016121803A1 (de) * 2016-11-14 2018-05-17 Cl Schutzrechtsverwaltungs Gmbh Vorrichtung zur additiven Herstellung dreidimensionaler Objekte
GB2557346B (en) * 2016-12-08 2019-01-16 Betatype Group Ltd Additive manufacturing
DE102016124695A1 (de) * 2016-12-16 2018-06-21 Cl Schutzrechtsverwaltungs Gmbh Belichtungseinrichtung für eine Vorrichtung zur additiven Herstellung dreidimensionaler Objekte
WO2018129089A1 (en) 2017-01-05 2018-07-12 Velo3D, Inc. Optics in three-dimensional printing
US10357829B2 (en) 2017-03-02 2019-07-23 Velo3D, Inc. Three-dimensional printing of three-dimensional objects
US20180281237A1 (en) 2017-03-28 2018-10-04 Velo3D, Inc. Material manipulation in three-dimensional printing
WO2019028184A1 (en) 2017-08-01 2019-02-07 Sigma Labs, Inc. SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR RADIANT THERMAL ENERGY MEASUREMENT DURING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OPERATION
US11517984B2 (en) 2017-11-07 2022-12-06 Sigma Labs, Inc. Methods and systems for quality inference and control for additive manufacturing processes
GB201718596D0 (en) * 2017-11-10 2017-12-27 Renishaw Plc In-process monitoring in laser solidification apparatus
NL2019998B1 (en) * 2017-11-30 2019-06-07 Additive Ind Bv Apparatus for producing an object by means of additive manufacturing
US10272525B1 (en) 2017-12-27 2019-04-30 Velo3D, Inc. Three-dimensional printing systems and methods of their use
US10144176B1 (en) 2018-01-15 2018-12-04 Velo3D, Inc. Three-dimensional printing systems and methods of their use
CN114643367A (zh) 2018-02-21 2022-06-21 西格马实验室公司 用于在增材制造操作期间测量辐射热能的系统和方法
DE112019000521B4 (de) * 2018-02-21 2022-02-03 Sigma Labs, Inc. Additives Fertigungssystem und additives Fertigungsverfahren
US11167375B2 (en) 2018-08-10 2021-11-09 The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York Additive manufacturing processes and additively manufactured products
EP3650204B1 (en) * 2018-11-06 2023-03-29 Concept Laser GmbH Apparatus for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects
US11534961B2 (en) * 2018-11-09 2022-12-27 General Electric Company Melt pool monitoring system and method for detecting errors in a multi-laser additive manufacturing process
EP3698947A1 (de) * 2019-02-19 2020-08-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Überwachung und prozessregelung einer additiven fertigung eines werkstücks
EP3736112B1 (en) * 2019-05-08 2022-11-16 Concept Laser GmbH Method for determining an operational parameter for an imaging device and additive manufacturing apparatus
JP2022544339A (ja) 2019-07-26 2022-10-17 ヴェロ３ディー，インコーポレーテッド 三次元オブジェクトの形成における品質保証
JP2021070431A (ja) 2019-10-31 2021-05-06 株式会社デンソー モータ駆動システム
CN112404455A (zh) * 2020-11-05 2021-02-26 浙江工业大学 一种钛合金表面氮化层的激光修复方法
CN112536447A (zh) * 2020-11-30 2021-03-23 申科滑动轴承股份有限公司 一种基于轴瓦合金层的3d激光熔覆增材制造工艺
CN118080890B (zh) * 2024-04-24 2024-07-12 江苏塞霆激光科技有限公司 一种基于3d打印的金属义齿制备方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1726108A (zh) * 2002-12-19 2006-01-25 阿卡姆股份公司 用于制造三维产品的装置和方法
CN100339175C (zh) * 2003-09-01 2007-09-26 株式会社东芝 激光加工装置和方法、加工掩模、半导体装置及制造方法
CN103025507A (zh) * 2010-07-28 2013-04-03 Cl产权管理有限公司 用于制造三维构件的方法
CN104175559A (zh) * 2014-08-15 2014-12-03 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 基于纳米颗粒的液相激光三维打印系统及方法

Family Cites Families (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6126884A (en) * 1999-02-08 2000-10-03 3D Systems, Inc. Stereolithographic method and apparatus with enhanced control of prescribed stimulation production and application
US6325961B1 (en) * 1999-02-08 2001-12-04 3D Systems, Inc. Stereolithographic method and apparatus with enhanced control of prescribed stimulation and application
US6241934B1 (en) * 1999-02-08 2001-06-05 3D Systems, Inc. Stereolithographic method and apparatus with enhanced control of prescribed stimulation production and application
US6132667A (en) * 1999-02-08 2000-10-17 3D Systems, Inc. Stereolithographic method and apparatus with enhanced control of prescribed stimulation production and application
US6129884A (en) * 1999-02-08 2000-10-10 3D Systems, Inc. Stereolithographic method and apparatus with enhanced control of prescribed stimulation production and application
DE10007711C1 (de) 2000-02-19 2001-08-16 Daimler Chrysler Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Sintern eines Pulvers mit einem Laserstrahl
US20020149137A1 (en) * 2001-04-12 2002-10-17 Bor Zeng Jang Layer manufacturing method and apparatus using full-area curing
EP2032345B1 (en) * 2006-06-20 2010-05-05 Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Procedure and apparatus for in-situ monitoring and feedback control of selective laser powder processing
JP2010508534A (ja) * 2006-11-04 2010-03-18 トルンプフ ヴェルクツォイクマシーネン ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング ウント コンパニー コマンディートゲゼルシャフト 材料加工時にプロセス監視を行うための方法および装置
JP2009291811A (ja) * 2008-06-05 2009-12-17 Cmet Inc 焦点位置調整装置、及びレーザ加工装置
JP5995202B2 (ja) * 2012-07-31 2016-09-21 株式会社アスペクト 粉末積層造形装置及び粉末積層造形方法
DE102013201629A1 (de) * 2013-01-31 2014-07-31 MTU Aero Engines AG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur generativen und schichtweisen Herstellung eines Bauteils
US10821508B2 (en) * 2013-08-15 2020-11-03 General Electric Company System and methods for enhancing the build parameters of a component
GB201316815D0 (en) * 2013-09-23 2013-11-06 Renishaw Plc Additive manufacturing apparatus and method
US9925715B2 (en) * 2014-06-30 2018-03-27 General Electric Company Systems and methods for monitoring a melt pool using a dedicated scanning device
AT14301U1 (de) * 2014-07-09 2015-07-15 Plansee Se Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils
US20160016255A1 (en) * 2014-07-17 2016-01-21 Siemens Energy, Inc. Laser correction of metal deformation
US10112262B2 (en) * 2014-10-28 2018-10-30 General Electric Company System and methods for real-time enhancement of build parameters of a component
US10786948B2 (en) * 2014-11-18 2020-09-29 Sigma Labs, Inc. Multi-sensor quality inference and control for additive manufacturing processes
DE102014226243A1 (de) * 2014-12-17 2016-06-23 MTU Aero Engines AG Vorrichtung zur generativen Herstellung eines Bauteils
DE102015000102A1 (de) * 2015-01-14 2016-07-14 Cl Schutzrechtsverwaltungs Gmbh Vorrichtung zur generativen Herstellung dreidimensionaler Bauteile
US20240173920A1 (en) * 2022-11-28 2024-05-30 Concept Laser Gmbh Methods and systems for calibrating an additive manufacturing machine

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1726108A (zh) * 2002-12-19 2006-01-25 阿卡姆股份公司 用于制造三维产品的装置和方法
CN100339175C (zh) * 2003-09-01 2007-09-26 株式会社东芝 激光加工装置和方法、加工掩模、半导体装置及制造方法
CN103025507A (zh) * 2010-07-28 2013-04-03 Cl产权管理有限公司 用于制造三维构件的方法
CN104175559A (zh) * 2014-08-15 2014-12-03 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 基于纳米颗粒的液相激光三维打印系统及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2019199087A (ja) 2019-11-21
CN110394981B (zh) 2022-05-03
DE102015000102A1 (de) 2016-07-14
CN107107481A (zh) 2017-08-29
US11179806B2 (en) 2021-11-23
EP3245043B1 (de) 2020-06-10
WO2016113253A1 (de) 2016-07-21
US20170368640A1 (en) 2017-12-28
EP3245043A1 (de) 2017-11-22
JP6563021B2 (ja) 2019-08-21
JP2018502749A (ja) 2018-02-01
CN110394981A (zh) 2019-11-01
JP6771076B2 (ja) 2020-10-21
US20220152738A1 (en) 2022-05-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN107107481B (zh) 用于生成地制造三维结构件的设备
CN108327255B (zh) 用于多激光系统的激光指向精度的加性制造内置评估和校正的系统和方法
US10464262B2 (en) Systems and methods for monitoring a melt pool using a dedicated scanning device
US11167497B2 (en) Localising sensor data collected during additive manufacturing
US20230001645A1 (en) Method For Calibrating A Device For Producing A Three-Dimensional Object And Device Configured For Implementing Said Method
Hooper Melt pool temperature and cooling rates in laser powder bed fusion
CN109937101B (zh) 定位在增材制造期间收集的传感器数据
CN104034258B (zh) 具有可变焦距的检流计扫描相机及方法
CN110352104B (zh) 用于基于构建材料的局部热导率来制造部件的系统及方法
WO2015121730A1 (ru) Способ и устройство оптического мониторинга процесса спекания объемных изделий из порошков
US10814427B2 (en) Systems and methods for additive manufacturing in-build assessment and correction of laser pointing accuracy
US11993007B2 (en) Measuring system for a device for the generative manufacturing of a three-dimensional object
US11407170B2 (en) System and methods for contour stitching in additive manufacturing systems
JPWO2020095453A1 (ja) 積層造形装置
CN201575795U (zh) 料层厚度检测设备
EP4400234A1 (en) Methods and systems for calibrating an additive manufacturing machine
KR102551322B1 (ko) 변위센서를 이용한 스크라이브 장치 및 그것의 동작 방법
CN110116498A (zh) 用于添加式地制造三维物体的设备
KR20190114408A (ko) 변위 센서를 이용한 스크라이브 장치의 동작 방법
Musti DSP processor based vision processing and system integration for control of laser aided manufacturing process (LAMP)

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant
TR01 Transfer of patent right

Effective date of registration: 20230705

Address after: German Leigh F ten Fels

Patentee after: Concept laser Co.,Ltd.

Address before: German Leigh F ten Fels

Patentee before: CL SCHUTZRECHTSVERWALTUNGS GmbH

TR01 Transfer of patent right