CN107107467A - 用于选择性激光烧结设备或激光熔融设备的曝光控制的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于选择性激光烧结设备或激光熔融设备的曝光控制的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN107107467A
CN107107467A CN201580061317.9A CN201580061317A CN107107467A CN 107107467 A CN107107467 A CN 107107467A CN 201580061317 A CN201580061317 A CN 201580061317A CN 107107467 A CN107107467 A CN 107107467A
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F·赫尔佐克
F·贝希曼
M·利珀特
J·温德菲尔德
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于选择性的激光烧结设备或激光熔融设备的曝光控制的方法，所述设备用于制造三维物体，所述方法具有以下方法步骤：提供选择性的激光烧结设备或激光熔融设备(1)，在该设备中能够通过在与物体的各横截面相对应的位置上连续固化能够借助于辐射固化的粉末状的成型材料(6)的层来制造三维物体，其中，所提供的设备包括用于对成型材料的层进行照射的照射装置，该照射装置具有能够被分别驱控的、同时照射成型材料的多个扫描仪，其中，在第一步骤中分开地检测每个单独的扫描仪(8a、8b)的照射时间和/或由每个单独的扫描仪所覆盖的照射面积并且存储所检测到的照射时间和/或照射面积；将各个扫描仪的照射时间和/或照射面积相互进行比较；对粉末层的要被每个单独的扫描仪照射的表面区域进行重新划分，使得每个单独的扫描仪的照射时间都尽可能彼此近似和/或每个单独的扫描仪的照射面积就面积而言都在最大可能程度上彼此相等。

Description

用于选择性激光烧结设备或激光熔融设备的曝光控制的方法 和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造三维物体的选择性激光烧结设备或激光熔融设备的曝光控制的方法，所述方法包括权利要求1的前序部分的方法步骤。此外，本发明涉及一种根据权利要求9所述的用于执行所述方法的设备。
背景技术
作为现有技术已经由DE 10 2014 005 916.2公开了使用激光烧结设备或激光熔融设备，该激光烧结设备或激光熔融设备能够利用多个扫描仪通过选择性照射成型材料来制造三维物体。这些扫描仪布置在成型区上方，并且可以是固定不动地或者是可动地、即在成型区范围上方以局部可动的方式布置。
在这类多扫描仪设备中，为成型区的每个区段都分配一个单独的扫描仪，或者这样安装或设计扫描仪，使其还能够至少部分曝光原本属于其他扫描仪的成型区区段，以便能够在如下条件下辅助于该其他扫描仪来曝光其所对应的成型区范围：即在该处的曝光成本就时间或面积而言明显大于在要相应较少曝光的相邻成型区段中的成本。
发明内容
本发明基于的目的是，给出一种方法和一种用于实施该方法的设备，该方法或设备能够实现成型过程的优化并且尤其是能够减少物体所需的成型时间。该目的通过权利要求1的特征的组合实现，从属权利要求2至8给出本方法的其它有利改进方案。
参照根据本发明的方法，首先在第一步骤中分开地检测和存储每个单独的扫描仪的照射时间和/或由该单独的扫描仪覆盖的照射面积。照射时间的检测可以例如通过允许辐射源的辐射能量通过的快门打开信号来确定，但也可以想到其他检测方案，例如通过在驱控扫描仪时提供能够电子存储的时间信号的光敏元件等。
照射面积的检测同样可以以不同方式进行，以照相技术方式通过在确定的时间段中检测照射图像，或者采用所确定的照射时间和扫描仪偏差以便能够确定被照射的成型区区段的照射尺寸。
在第二步骤中，将所检测的和所存储的照射时间数值和照射面积数值相互电子比较。这可以通过比较器实现，该比较器集成在相应的合适的处理器或计算机中。
如果处理器/计算机确定照射时间或照射面积彼此有偏差，则针对下一层或下一层区段，对粉末层的要被每个单独的扫描仪照射的表面区段进行重新划分，使得每个单独的扫描仪的照射时间都尽可能彼此近似和/或每个单独的扫描仪的照射面积就面积而言都在最大可能程度上彼此相等。
该方法被反复实施，即被不断重复，由此能够对在成型过程中改变的照射几何分布快速地作出相应反应。扫描区的划分在一个或多个层固化之后分别动态地调整，使得在每个接下来的照射过程中所得到的照射时间对于每个扫描仪都至少近似相同。在成型过程开始之前，操作人员可以基于扫描仪的可读取的控制数据对每个扫描仪的扫描区进行预设。当然，操作人员也可以在成型过程期间类似于手动地干预扫描符号的反复近似并且非常有意地移动扫描区，例如由于热学原因等。
根据本发明的方法还可以被建议作为“混合方法”来实施，即，例如测量照射时间和照射面积，且例如从第一扫描仪的照射时间推断出照射面积，该照射面积被与第二扫描仪的照射面积相比较，以便实现根据本发明的近似。
两个扫描仪的扫描区之间的界限可以是直线。但是，如果在成型区上方使用多于两个的扫描仪，则有利的是，在扫描区之间也选择其他界限曲线。
如果关于每个扫描仪的照射时间和/或照射面积的比较得出的结果是不移动扫描区界限，则非常有利的是，使扫描区之间的界限振荡，以便避免在表面上形成条痕。
根据本发明的控制以优化的方式调整不同扫描仪的扫描区之间的界限。尽管在整个成型过程中熔融面积和位置的改变很大，但是从层到层之间的改变却通常是相对较小的，由此所述调整能够通过在整个成型过程中对扫描区界限的小的渐进式调整来使成型时间接近理论上的最小值。
附图说明
借助优选实施例在附图中详述本发明。附图示出：
图1示出用于实施所述方法的设备的主要部件的示意图；
图2示出关于扫描区调整的示意图，其中图2a中示出(第一)层n，图2b示出另一层n+1，图2c中示出层n+2。
具体实施方式
图1中示出的设备1具有作为主要部件的工艺腔2，其中布置有成型缸3，成型缸3具有高度可调的成型平台4。在成型平台4上方布置有涂覆单元5，通过该涂覆单元能够将来自于定量给料腔7的成型材料6在成型缸3的区域中涂覆成薄层的形式。在成型缸3上方，在工艺腔2中布置有多个扫描仪8a、8b，通过这些扫描仪，辐射源10的激光形式的辐射9能够以工艺受控的方式转向到成型材料层11上，以便选择性地对其固化。
所述的设备部件只涉及对本发明重要的部件，这类激光烧结设备或激光熔融设备当然具有大量其他部件，但在本发明中不需要加以说明。
所述设备还具有电子检测单元20，通过该电子检测单元能够分开地检测关于每个扫描仪8的照射时间和/或在照射步骤中由扫描仪8覆盖的照射面积并且存储在电子存储器21中。
电子比较器22连接到电子存储器21，通过该电子比较器22能够将所存储的各个扫描仪8的照射时间数值相互比较。处理器23与比较器22连接，该处理器在各个扫描仪8的照射时间数值有偏差的情况下对将由每个单独的扫描仪8照射的表面区域进行重新确定，使得每个单独的扫描仪8的照射时间(或照射面积)就面积而言在最大可能程度上彼此相等。
此外，在图1中还示出具有显示器26的输入装置25，通过该输入装置，操作人员能够干预激光烧结设备或激光熔融设备1的成型过程。
要简单强调的是，辐射源10的辐射9在所示实施例中经由射线分配器15引导，并且从该处穿过在工艺腔2的上部区域中的窗口16，以便到达扫描仪8a、8b。
检测单元20包括在扫描仪上的或在连接于扫描仪上游的光学开关(快门)上的传感元件，该传感元件检测扫描仪8的照射时间并且在存储器21中存储为待比较的照射时间数值T1和T2。这些数值在比较器22中相互比较，以便能够通过处理器对扫描仪实现控制优化。
本领域技术人员熟知能够通过照射面积检测来取代或补充照射时间检测，所述存储器和比较器可以是用于运行该设备的电子系统的一部分，并且可以集成在计算机或处理器中。
在图2a-2c中详细示出如何就各个扫描仪8a、8b实现对扫描区31、32或照射面积的优化。
图2a首先示出了如下状态：扫描区32的待熔融面积大于扫描区31的待熔融面积。由于该原因，合适的是，向下移动扫描区31和扫描区32之间的界限30，使得在根据图2b的下一层n+1中已经使扫描区31、32近似。
该过程不断重复，直至扫描区31和32实际上大小相同，即，照射时间tA和tb彼此近似，从而这两个扫描仪8a和8b至少尽可能地被同等利用。
如果照射时间或扫描区尺寸的比较测量得出如下结果：不必移动扫描区之间的界限30，因为照射时间彼此近似，则使扫描区31、32之间的界限30振荡，以避免在结构件中形成条痕。
附图标记列表
1 设备
2 工艺腔
3 成型缸
4 成型平台
5 涂覆单元
6 成型材料
7 定量给料腔
8 扫描仪
9 辐射
10 辐射源
11 成型材料层
15 射线分配器
20 检测单元
21 存储器
22 比较器
23 处理器
25 输入装置
26 显示器
30 界限
31 扫描区
32 扫描区

Claims (9)

1.一种用于选择性的激光烧结设备或激光熔融设备的曝光控制的方法，所述设备用于制造三维物体，所述方法包括以下方法步骤：
-提供选择性的激光烧结设备或激光熔融设备(1)，在该设备中能够通过在与物体的各横截面相对应的位置上连续固化能够借助于辐射固化的粉末状的成型材料(6)的层来制造三维物体，其中，所提供的设备(1)包括用于对成型材料的层进行照射的照射装置，该照射装置具有能够被分开地驱控的、同时照射成型材料的多个扫描仪(8a、8b)，
其特征在于以下方法步骤：
-在第一步骤中分开地检测每个单独的扫描仪(8a、8b)的照射时间和/或由每个单独的扫描仪(8a、8b)所覆盖的照射面积并且存储所检测到的照射时间和/或照射面积；
-将各个扫描仪(8a、8b)的照射时间和/或照射面积相互进行比较；
-对成型材料层(11)的要被每个单独的扫描仪照射的表面区域进行重新确定，使得每个单独的扫描仪(8a、8b)的照射时间都尽可能彼此近似和/或每个单独的扫描仪(8a、8b)的照射面积就面积而言都在最大可能程度上彼此相等。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，扫描区(31、32)的划分在一个或多个成型材料层(11)固化之后分别动态地调整，使得在接下来的照射过程中所得到的照射时间对于每个扫描仪(8a、8b)都至少近似相同。
3.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在成型过程开始之前，操作人员能够基于扫描仪(8a、8b)的可读取的控制数据对每个扫描仪的扫描区(31、32)的尺寸进行预设。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，每个扫描仪(8a、8b)的扫描区(31、32)在渐进的步骤中彼此适配。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，扫描区(31、32)之间的界限(30)是直线。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，如果关于每个扫描仪(8a、8b)的照射时间或照射面积的比较得出的结果是不移动扫描区界限(30)，则使扫描区(31、32)之间的界限(30)振荡。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，一个扫描仪(8a、8b)在另一个扫描仪(8a、8b)的扫描区(31、32)中执行对照射区段的电压减小的预曝光。
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，预曝光的曝光时间对扫描区界限移动没有影响。
9.一种用于实施根据上述权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法的设备，即，用于制造三维物体的激光烧结设备或激光熔融设备(1)，其中，该设备具有如下部件：
-在设备(1)的工艺腔(2)中布置有成型缸(3)，该成型缸具有高度可调的成型平台(4)；
-在成型平台(4)上方布置有涂覆单元(5)，通过该涂覆单元能够将来自于定量给料腔(7)的成型材料(6)在成型缸(3)的区域中涂覆成薄层的形式；
-在成型缸(3)上方布置有多个扫描仪(8a、8b)，通过这些扫描仪，一个或多个辐射源(10)的辐射(3)能够以工艺受控的方式转向到成型材料层(11)上，以便选择性地固化成型材料层，
其特征在于，
设有电子检测单元(20)，通过该电子检测单元分开地检测关于每个单独的扫描仪(8a、8b)的照射时间和/或在照射步骤中由每个单独的扫描仪(8a、8b)覆盖的照射面积，并且存储在电子存储器(21)中；
设有电子比较器(22)，通过该电子比较器能够将所存储的各个扫描仪(8a、8b)的照射时间数值和/或将各个扫描仪(8a、8b)的照射面积数值相互比较；
设有处理器(23)，该处理器与比较器(22)的输出端连接，并且在各个扫描仪(8a、8b)的照射时间数值或照射面积数值有偏差时，对要被每个单独的扫描仪(8a、8b)照射的表面区域进行重新确定，使得每个单独的扫描仪(8a、8b)的照射时间和/或照射面积就面积而言在最大可能程度上彼此相等。
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