CN107106514A - 干燥粉末配制剂 - Google Patents

干燥粉末配制剂 Download PDF

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CN107106514A
CN107106514A CN201580055454.1A CN201580055454A CN107106514A CN 107106514 A CN107106514 A CN 107106514A CN 201580055454 A CN201580055454 A CN 201580055454A CN 107106514 A CN107106514 A CN 107106514A
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M·达尔维
S·K·提
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Abstract

本发明提供制备可吸入的干燥粉末药物配制剂的方法,包括加热经密封的包装物的步骤,所述包装物含有干燥剂和吸入器或胶囊,所述吸入器或胶囊还含有包含可吸入的活性药物成分和载体的干燥粉末配制剂,其中所述包装物形成水分进入的屏障并且其中加热经密封的包装物及其内容物在30‑50℃的温度进行。

Description

干燥粉末配制剂
与相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2014年10月16日提交的美国临时申请No.62/064,690的优先权,通过援引将其全部公开并入本文用于全部意图。
发明领域
本发明涉及干燥粉末配制剂和特别涉及用于平衡干燥粉末配制剂的方法。
背景技术
本发明涉及提供干燥粉末配制剂,其含有一种或多种用于治疗呼吸系统障碍比如哮喘或COPD的活性药物成分(APIs)。已开发各种类别的药物来治疗呼吸系统障碍,并且各类别具有不同的靶标和效果。可吸入药物的共同特征是它们必须深入穿透至肺以达到其作用位点。
为此,将API例如通过喷射研磨微粒化,以获得具有所需尺寸的颗粒,一般来说为1-5μm的质量中位数空气动力学直径(MMAD)。微粒化过程将能量赋予API颗粒,导致破碎和颗粒尺寸减小。该过程产生新的具有高能量和静电荷的表面。微粒化过程赋予的能量还可以导致将无定形特征引入否则为结晶的API颗粒物质。这些活化表面在本领域中一般视为不希望的,主要原因是它们具有吸水倾向从而导致API颗粒聚结。这出人意料地有害影响API的颗粒尺寸分布,其又影响达到肺的API细颗粒的量,所述量通过用冲击器确定的细颗粒级分(FPF)来定量。
已提出各种后微粒化技术来在配制之前缓和并且平衡粉末,以实现更一致的效能(主要是一致的FPF)。它们一般牵涉将微粒化的颗粒暴露至潮湿环境。参见例如Particulate Interactions in Dry Powder Formulations for Inhalation,X.M.Zenget al.,Taylor&Francis,London,2000中关于该途径的讨论。
然而,后微粒化处理增加了方法的复杂性和延迟了制备和包装过程。本领域中仍然需要改善的途径。
发明概要
相应地,本发明提供制备可吸入的干燥粉末药物配制剂的方法,包括下述步骤:加热含有干燥剂和吸入器或胶囊的经密封的包装物,所述吸入器或胶囊还含有包含可吸入的活性药物成分和载体的干燥粉末配制剂,其中所述经密封的包装物形成水分进入的屏障并且其中加热经密封的包装物及其内容物在30-50℃温度的进行。
本发明某些实施方式的详述
本发明提供简化的且于是更有效的制备吸入产品的方法。干燥粉末配制剂在干燥粉末吸入器中或在胶囊中提供给最终用户。吸入器或胶囊常常在经密封的通常由箔材制得的包装物内供给,以保持产品免于水分影响。发明人发现可以对经密封的产品热处理以调理API,然后提供给供给链以提供给最终用户,不加进一步处理。这通过降低制备过程的成本和复杂性带来显著优势。
可吸入的干燥粉末药物配制剂包含可吸入的API和载体。可以存在一种或多种API,也即产品可以是单一产品或组合产品。
API优选是支气管扩张药和/或吸入的糖皮质类固醇。支气管扩张药用来扩大支气管和细支气管,降低呼吸道中的阻力,由此增加通向肺的气流。支气管扩张药可以短效或长效药。短效支气管扩张药提供急性支气管狭窄的快速缓解,而长效支气管扩张药帮助控制和预防更长期的症状。不同类别的支气管扩张药靶向呼吸道中的不同的受体。一般使用的两种类别是β2-激动剂和抗胆碱能药。
β2-肾上腺素能激动剂(或"β2-激动剂")作用于诱导平滑肌松弛的β2-肾上腺素受体,引起支气管通道的扩张。长效β2-激动剂(LABAs)的实例包括福莫特罗(富马酸盐),沙美特罗(昔萘酸盐),茚达特罗(马来酸盐),卡莫特罗(盐酸盐)和维兰特罗(vilanterol)(trifenatate)。短效β2-激动剂(SABAs)的实例包括沙丁胺醇(硫酸盐),特布他林(硫酸盐),吡布特罗(乙酸盐)和奥西那林(硫酸盐)。
抗胆碱能药(也称为抗毒蕈碱药)阻断神经递质乙酰胆碱:选择性阻断其在神经细胞中的受体。在局部施用时,抗胆碱能药主要作用于位于呼吸道中的M3毒蕈碱受体以产生平滑肌松弛,从而产生支气管扩张效果。长效毒蕈碱拮抗剂(LAMAs)的实例包括噻托溴铵(溴化物),阿地铵(aclidinium)(溴化物),格隆铵(溴化物),芜地溴铵(umeclidinium)(溴化物),奥昔布宁(昔萘酸盐、盐酸盐或氢溴酸盐)和达非那新(氢溴酸盐)。
用于治疗呼吸系统障碍中的又一类药物是吸入的皮质类固醇(ICSs)。ICS是用于长期控制呼吸系统障碍的类固醇激素类。它们通过降低呼吸道炎症起效。实例包括布地奈德,倍氯米松(二丙酸盐),莫米松(糠酸盐)和氟替卡松(丙酸盐或糠酸盐)。
API优选是吸入的糖皮质类固醇,β2-激动剂,抗胆碱能药或其组合,更优选吸入的糖皮质类固醇和与之组合的β2-激动剂,和最优选氟替卡松和沙美特罗的组合或布地奈德和福莫特罗的组合,包括其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物。
干燥粉末配制剂一般含有微粒化的活性成分和粗载体。活性成分需要呈微粒化形式(质量中位数空气动力学直径一般为1-5μm、更一般为2-4μm)。该颗粒尺寸能够在吸入时穿透肺。然而,所述颗粒具有高表面能量并且需要粗载体以便能够计量配制剂。粒状载体的实例包括乳糖、葡萄糖或羟乙酸淀粉钠,优选乳糖和最优选α-乳糖一水合物。粗载体颗粒的尺寸是在吸入之后其绝大多数保留在吸入器中或沉积在口腔和上呼吸道中。相应地,载体优选具有40微米或更大的体积平均直径(VMD),更优选载体颗粒具有50-250微米的VMD。颗粒尺寸可以用激光散射来确定,采用激光衍射系统例如来自Sympatec GmbH,Claasthal-Zellerfeld,德国。
配制剂在吸入器或胶囊中提供。
干燥粉末配制剂可以在吸入器中提供,例如在多剂量干燥粉末吸入器(MDPI)的储库中,例如以商标销售的吸入剂和描述于WO92/10229和WO 2011/054527的吸入剂。所述吸入剂包含底盘(chassis),剂量给药室,接口管和药物。配制剂还可以在吸入器内以单元剂量泡罩条提供,比如MicroDose Therapeutx Inc.的干燥粉末雾化器和描述于WO 2005/081833和WO 2008/106616的吸入剂。
干燥粉末配制剂可以另选地计量并且充入胶囊,例如明胶或羟丙基甲基纤维素胶囊,从而胶囊含有单元剂量的活性成分。在干燥粉末位于含有单元剂量活性成分的胶囊中的情况下,组合物总量取决于胶囊尺寸和胶囊所使用的吸入装置的特征。
吸入器或胶囊密封在经密封的包装物内。在优选的实施方式中,经密封的包装物含有干燥剂和吸入器或胶囊并且不含其它任何物质。所述包装物是本领域熟知的。它们一般由铝箔制成,并且可以是其中至少一层是铝箔的层状物。层状物是多层材料,含有铝箔层和塑料材料层,所述塑料材料是比如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),聚酰胺例如取向的聚酰胺(oPA)和聚乙烯例如低密度聚乙烯(PE-LD)。各层用粘合剂比如聚氨酯粘合剂粘合。包装物倾向于具有50-300g/sqm,更优选100-200g/sqm的总重量。经密封的包装物形成水分进入的屏障。
经密封的包装物还含有干燥剂。干燥剂优选在经密封的包装物限定的空间内以分开的小包提供。干燥剂可以是硅胶,分子筛,粘土,活性炭或其组合。优选干燥剂是硅胶。干燥剂小包的包装优选由HDPE纤维形成。干燥剂小包是可商购的,例如MultisorbTechnologies的Sorbent Packets。
加热经密封的包装物及其内容物,并且发现该加热步骤改善可吸入配制剂的效能。据信,加热步骤通过在微粒化后平衡表面起作用。出人意料的是,加热在经密封的包装物的限制以内是有效的,原因在于在这些条件下配制剂并未暴露于潮湿环境。
加热在30-50℃的温度,更优选在35-45℃的温度,和最优选在38-42℃的温度进行。加热步骤是API的调理步骤,以便平衡表面和降低API的无定形含量。
加热步骤优选进行1天至6周,更优选1-3周和最优选2周。
不需要其它调理步骤。可以施加初始的常规调理步骤,但是其不是必须的。优选,本发明加热步骤是唯一是微粒化后的处理步骤。
由于配制剂在经密封的包装物中提供,加热步骤的湿度较为不相关。优选,相对湿度小于60%(也即0-60%),更优选0-40%和最优选0-20%。
参照所附实施例现描述本发明,但并非意在限制。
实施例
平衡研究
研究1。制备两批封装在装置中的氟替卡松/沙美特罗。分别选择两种不同浓度25μg/25μg和100μg/25μg的丙醋氟替卡松和昔萘酸沙美特罗的组合批次。各批次分为两份,并且在各方案指定的条件下平衡6周。
方案1:30℃/65%RH(未包裹)
方案2:40℃(与干燥剂包裹在箔材中)
在吸入器平衡之后,空气动力学颗粒尺寸分布分析(测量FPF和FPD)以0、2、3、4和6周的间隔进行。
研究2。制备两批封装在装置中的氟替卡松/沙美特罗。如研究1那样选择两种不同浓度的丙醋氟替卡松和昔萘酸沙美特罗组合批次。各批次分为两份,在各方案指定的条件下平衡6周。
方案1:30℃/65%RH(未包裹)
方案3:40℃(与干燥剂包裹在箔材中)
在吸入器平衡期间,空气动力学颗粒尺寸分布分析(测量FPF和FPD)以0、2、3、4和6周的间隔进行。
结果
平衡研究的结果示于表1。
表1、空气动力学颗粒尺寸分布的降解。显示的结果展示研究1(在6周平衡之后)和研究2(在6周平衡期间)。
配制剂稳定性测试
研究3。在根据方案2的吸入器平衡(6周,在40℃/75%RH,与干燥剂包裹在箔材中)之后,进行丙醋氟替卡松和昔萘酸沙美特罗(25μg/25μg和100μg/25μg)的8周稳定性测试。在30℃/65%RH(未包裹)按照与FDA的讨论进行使用稳定性测试。
空气动力学颗粒尺寸分布分析(测量FPF和FPD)以0、2、4和8周的间隔进行。
研究4。在根据方案3的吸入器平衡(6周,在40℃,与干燥剂包裹在箔材中)之后,进行丙醋氟替卡松和昔萘酸沙美特罗(25μg/25μg和100μg/25μg)的6个月稳定性测试。在两种不同条件组下贮藏之后评价配制剂稳定性。
条件组1:40℃(与干燥剂包裹在箔材中)
条件组2:25℃/60%RH(与干燥剂包裹在箔材中)
空气动力学颗粒尺寸分布分析(测量FPF和FPD)以0、3和6个月的间隔进行。
结果
结果示于表2和3
表2、8周使用稳定性研究。
表3、六个月稳定性研究。

Claims (20)

1.制备可吸入的干燥粉末药物配制剂的方法,包括加热经密封的含有干燥剂和吸入器或胶囊的包装物的步骤,所述吸入器或胶囊还含有包含可吸入的活性药物成分和载体的干燥粉末配制剂,其中经密封的包装物形成水分进入的屏障并且其中加热经密封的包装物及其内容物在30-50℃的温度进行。
2.权利要求1中所要求保护的方法,其中加热在38-42℃的温度进行。
3.权利要求1或2中所要求保护的方法,其中加热在小于60%的相对湿度进行。
4.任一前述权利要求中所要求保护的方法,其中加热进行1天至6周。
5.任一前述权利要求中所要求保护的方法,其中所述可吸入的活性药物成分是吸入的糖皮质类固醇,β2-激动剂,抗胆碱能药或其组合。
6.权利要求5中所要求保护的方法,其中所述可吸入的活性药物成分是吸入的糖皮质类固醇和与之组合的β2-激动剂。
7.权利要求6中所要求保护的方法,其中所述可吸入的活性药物成分是氟替卡松和沙美特罗的组合,包括其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物。
8.权利要求6中所要求保护的方法,其中所述可吸入的活性药物成分是布地奈德和福莫特罗的组合,包括其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物。
9.任一前述权利要求中所要求保护的方法,其中所述干燥剂是硅胶。
10.任一前述权利要求中所要求保护的方法,其中所述经密封的包装物包括铝箔。
11.权利要求9中所要求保护的方法,其中经密封的包装物是层状物,其中至少一层是铝箔。
12.任一前述权利要求中所要求保护的方法,其中所述载体是乳糖,葡萄糖或羟乙酸淀粉钠。
13.权利要求1-11任一项中所要求保护的方法,其中所述载体是α-乳糖一水合物。
14.任一前述权利要求中所要求保护的方法,其中所述载体具有40微米或更大的体积平均直径。
15.任一前述权利要求中所要求保护的方法,其中所述经密封的包装物含有干燥剂和吸入器或胶囊且不含其它物质。
16.任一前述权利要求中所要求保护的方法,其中所述干燥剂在经密封的包装物限定的空间内以分开的小包存在。
17.权利要求1或3-16任一项中所要求保护的方法,其中所述加热在35-45℃的温度进行。
18.任一前述权利要求中所要求保护的方法,其中所述加热有效地降低可吸入的活性药物成分的无定形含量。
19.任一前述权利要求中所要求保护的方法,其中所述加热进行1-3周。
20.任一前述权利要求中所要求保护的方法,其中所述经密封的包装物是含有至少一层铝箔和至少一层塑料材料的多层材料。
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