CN107097630B - 混合动力车辆特别是工业或商用车辆的传动系 - Google Patents

混合动力车辆特别是工业或商用车辆的传动系 Download PDF

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CN107097630B
CN107097630B CN201710089779.2A CN201710089779A CN107097630B CN 107097630 B CN107097630 B CN 107097630B CN 201710089779 A CN201710089779 A CN 201710089779A CN 107097630 B CN107097630 B CN 107097630B
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powertrain
speed
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shaft
gearbox
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CN107097630A (zh
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阿蒂利奥·佩龙
马可·艾莫博特
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种混合动力车辆特别是工业或商用车辆的传动系，该传动系包括齿轮箱(GR)、主传动轴(MS)和第一辅助离合器(PSC)，其中，齿轮箱具有适于与热动力传动系(E)连接的输入轴(GRIN)、驱动车辆的驱动轮轴(DS)的输出轴(GROUT)以及用以基于第一速度传感器(SPS1)的信号确定最佳传动比的第一处理装置(GRUN)；主传动轴插置在输出轴(GROUT)与所述驱动轮轴(DS)之间，第一辅助离合器用于将所述主传动轴和所述输出轴互相连接，其中，所述主传动轴能够在无关于所述第一辅助离合器(PSC)的断开或闭合的状态的情况下与电动动力传动系(E)相关联，并且其中，所述第一速度传感器与所述主传动轴(MC)稳固地连接以测量相关的第一速度。

Description

混合动力车辆特别是工业或商用车辆的传动系
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆传动系特别是包括手动的、自动的或自动化的齿轮箱的车辆传动系的领域，其中，所述手动的、自动的或自动化的齿轮箱具有其自身的处理单元以及能够借助于第一次级离合器连接至主传动轴的次级轴，并且其中，电动动力传动系与主传动轴直接或间接地相关联。
这种类型的传动系被用在工业或商用车辆的领域中。
背景技术
混合动力车辆可以在至少三种不同模式下操作：
-纯电动模式，在该模式中，仅电动动力传动系使车辆移动，
-纯热模式，在该模式中，热动力传动系使车辆移动，
-混合动力模式，在该模式中，前述两个动力传动系都工作并且连接至传动系。
众所周知，商用车辆和工业车辆尤其在被装载时具有相当大的质量。近年来，汽车制造商已经开始使用混合动力传动系或多模式传动系，但这些传动系并不适于工业应用。
工业领域中所使用的电动马达特别重且特别大，由此即使在车辆被完全装载的情况下仍能够使车辆移动。
在车辆必须从纯电动驱动模式切换到混合动力模式或纯热模式时出现的切换状态下，齿轮箱的次级轴需要以有效的方式连接至传动系。
在已知的传动系布置中，主传动轴与齿轮箱的次级轴一致且与齿轮箱的次级轴成一个单件，并且主传动轴一直延伸至驱动轮轴的差速器。
在混合动力车辆中，所述主传动轴通过第一次级离合器与齿轮箱的次级轴分离，而电动动力传动系与主传动轴直接或间接地相关联。
因此，难以在第一次级离合器闭合之前使自动齿轮箱同步，结果，齿轮箱和传动系作为整体经受相当大的应力。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种混合动力车辆特别是工业或商用车辆的传动系，该传动系适于确保从纯电动模式至混合动力模式或纯热动模式的有效切换。
根据本发明的传动系实现了手动的、自动的或自动化的齿轮箱，该手动的、自动的或自动化的齿轮箱包括其本身的处理单元，该处理单元至少能够确定与车辆的速度相关的最佳传动比。如果齿轮箱是自动的或自动化的，则所述处理单元自动地确定并选择最佳传动比。
本发明是基于下述思想：将齿轮箱的上述处理单元的速度传感器与主传动轴关联，该主传动轴与齿轮箱的次级轴不同并且可以与齿轮箱的次级轴断开连接。这样，在从纯电动模式切换至混合动力模式或纯热模式之前，由于主传动轴与齿轮箱的次级轴断开连接，齿轮箱的处理单元被误导，因而获得主传动轴的速度而不是齿轮箱的次级轴的速度。因此，使所述处理单元在第一次级离合器闭合之前选择最佳传动比以将主传动轴与齿轮箱的次级轴稳定地互相连接。
优选地，第二处理单元，通常是车辆处理单元，在所述第一次级离合器闭合之前执行所述两个轴之间的同步程序，比较相对速度并控制热动力传动系以将相对差减小到低于预定阈值。
根据本发明的优选变型，第二处理单元配置成获取由电动动力传动系传递的扭矩，以及在所述第一处理单元确定和/或选择所述最佳传动比之前将热动力传动系加速至适于传递至少所述扭矩的转速。
根据与先前实施方式结合的本发明的优选实施方式，热动力传动系被加速到所述转速从而允许所述第一处理单元选择传动比并且随后执行所述同步程序。
根据本发明，提供了一种根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆特别是工业或商用车辆的传动系。
根据本发明，还提供了一种用于控制混合动力车辆的传动系的方法。
权利要求描述了本发明的优选实施方式，从而形成本说明书的一体部分。
附图说明
通过对参照仅示出了非限制性示例的附图的、本发明的实施方式(以及相关变型)的以下详细描述进行研读，将会更好地理解本发明的其他目的及优点，在附图中：
图1示出了根据本发明的传动系的示例。
在图中，相同的附图标记和相同的附图文字指示相同的元件或部件。
对于本发明，术语“第二”部件不意味着存在“第一”部件。事实上，这些术语仅为了更清楚的目的而使用，不应当以限制的方式进行解释。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的混合动力车辆的车辆传动系的优选示例。
在图的左侧，可以看到具有四个直列式气缸/活塞的热动力传动系E的示意图。明显地，热动力传动系还可以具有不同数目或不同布置的气缸。
热动力传动系E包括连接至活塞的曲轴CS。
热动力传动系的曲轴通常借助于主联接装置MC连接至齿轮箱GR，主联接装置MC优选地在齿轮箱为手动的或自动化的时是具有可压紧盘的离合器或在齿轮箱为自动的时是变矩器。
齿轮箱GR包括连接至热动力传动系E的通常称为“主轴”的输入轴GRIN以及连接至车辆驱动轮轴DS的通常称为“次级轴”的输出轴GROUT。在输入轴与输出轴之间插置有多个齿轮以通过已知的方式获得不同的离散传动比。
齿轮箱GR包括处理单元GRUN，处理单元GRUN配置成基于第一速度传感器SPS1的信号确定或选择齿轮箱的最佳传动比，其中，根据本发明，第一速度传感器SPS1连接至主传动轴MS，主传动轴MS操作性地插置在输出轴GROUT与车辆的驱动轮轴DS之间。
主传动轴MS具有第一端部MS1以及与第一端部相对的第二端部MS2。第一端部MS1适于借助于第一辅助离合器PSC联接至输出轴GROUT，第二端部MS2连接至驱动轮轴DS的差速器DF。
主传动轴MS可以优选地在主传动轴MS的第一端部与第二端部之间的中间点联接至电动动力传动系EE，或者无论如何以下述方式联接至电动动力传动系EE：即，使得主传动轴与电动动力传动系之间的相互作用独立于/无关于第一辅助离合器PSC的断开或闭合状态和/或主离合器，如果存在的话，的断开或闭合状态。根据本发明的优选变型，主传动轴、齿轮箱的次级轴和电动动力传动系EE之间的相互连接优选地借助于所谓的转换箱TB来执行，转换箱TB在壳体中包含位于主传动轴与电动动力传动系EE之间的互连机构。
这些机构优选地包括用以将电动动力传动系的转子连接至主传动轴的一对齿轮、用以将电动动力传动系的转子与主传动轴MS断开连接的第二辅助离合器SSC以及上述第一辅助离合器PSC，如上所述，第一辅助离合器PSC将齿轮箱的次级轴与主传动轴互相连接。
因此，根据本发明，使速度传感器SPS1联接至主传动轴MS而不是联接至齿轮箱的次级轴GROUT。
因此，对齿轮箱进行控制的处理单元GRUN的操作受到第一辅助离合器PSC的断开或闭合状态的误导/影响。
根据优选实施方案，第二处理单元，优选地为车辆控制单元
(VCU)，布置成连续执行下述步骤以控制纯电动驱动模式与混合动力模式或纯热模式之间的切换：
-激活热动力传动系E，
-等待齿轮箱的最佳传动比被确定和输入，然后
-监测齿轮箱的输出轴MCOPUT的借助于第二传感器SPS2测量的第二旋转速度并获取主传动轴的第一速度，
-控制热动力传动系E的转速，以使第一速度与第二速度之间的差低于预定阈值Th1，
-命令第一次级离合器PSC闭合。
优选地，VCU与对内燃发动机ECU进行控制的处理单元接口，以对热动力传动系进行控制。
优选地，在第一辅助离合器闭合之前，VCU使热动力传动系E的旋转速度正或负地变化，以容许热动力传动系与传动系的和缓联接。
在齿轮箱是手动的的情况下，齿轮箱的处理单元GRUN在驾驶者的仪表板中仅指示待接合的档位，并且因此，在手动齿轮箱(踏板释放)和在自动化齿轮箱两种情况下，等待输入最佳传动比的步骤还包括等待主离合器MC闭合。
优选地，VCU配置成在传动系稳定地处于纯电动驱动模式时停用热动力传动系E和第一处理单元GRUM，以及在热动力传动系E需要被激活时重新激活第一处理单元GRUN。
优选地，GRUN不仅基于所测得的主传动轴的速度而且还基于热动力传动系E的速度来选择最佳传动比。在这种情况下，GRUN优选地配置成在热动力传动系的速度等于零时选择空档位置，使得VCU在其命令断开热动力传动系时不需要停用GRUN。
当传动系在纯电动模式下操作时，VCU配置成保持稳定地闭合第二辅助离合器SSC。反之亦然，第二辅助离合器被命令仅在第一辅助离合器闭合之后即在热动力传动系重新激活且其被适当加入到车辆的驱动之后断开。
优选地，VCU进一步配置成执行在热动力传动系的激活紧之后将热动力传动系带到预定旋转速度的步骤，以允许GRUN确定适当的传动比，尤其是在传动比的选择还基于热动力传动系的速度来执行时。
根据本发明的优选变型，VCU配置成执行下述初步步骤：获取由电动动力传动系EE传递的扭矩并且根据热动力传动系的扭矩图选择热动力传动系的上述预定的旋转速度，使得热动力传动系能够在第一辅助离合器闭合之前传递与由电动动力传动系传递的扭矩至少相等的扭矩。
应当指出的是，处理单元GRUN、VCU和ECU借助于CAN总线相互接口，因此，即使一些传感器连接至这些处理单元中的一个处理单元，相对测量值也会通过这些处理单元公开在CAN网络上。
因此，允许VCU借助于直接连接至齿轮箱的次级轴GROUT的传感器SPS2来获知齿轮箱的次级轴GROUT的速度并且通过GRUN间接地获知主传动轴MS的速度。在公开在CAN网络上的不同信息项中，除了离合器的断开(断开接合)和闭合(接合)状态以及齿轮箱的当前接合档位之外，还有热动力传动系的速度、由电动动力传动系和由热动力传动系传递的扭矩、主传动轴的速度以及齿轮箱的次级轴的速度。
本发明可以有利地借助于包括编码装置的计算机程序来实现，该编码装置用于在所述程序在计算机上运行时执行所述方法的一个或更多个步骤。因此，保护范围延伸到所述计算机程序，并且此外，延伸到可以由计算机读取并且包括记录信息的装置，所述装置可以由包括程序编码装置的计算机读取，该程序编码装置用于在所述程序在计算机上运行时执行所述方法的一个或更多个的步骤。
因此，本发明还涉及一种计算机程序，该计算机程序包括用于在所述程序在计算机上运行时执行上述步骤的程序编码装置以及可由计算机读取并包括记录程序的装置，所述装置可以由包括程序编码装置的计算机读取，该程序编码装置用于在程序在计算机上运行时执行所述步骤。
上述非限制性示例在不超出本发明的保护范围的情况下可以具有变型，所述变型包括对于本领域技术人员而言所有等效的实施方式。
当阅读以上描述时，本领域技术人员可以在不引入进一步的制造细节的情况下执行本发明的主题内容。包含在不同的优选实施方式中的元件和特征可以在不超出本专利申请的保护范围的情况下彼此组合。包含在涉及现有技术的部分中的信息仅用于更好地理解本发明的目的而并不表示所描述的项目的存在声明。此外，如果没有被详细描述明确排除，则包含在涉及现有技术的部分中的信息应当被认为是本发明的组成部分。

Claims (9)

1.一种混合动力车辆的传动系，所述传动系包括：
-齿轮箱(GR)，所述齿轮箱(GR)具有适于与热动力传动系(E)连接的输入轴(GRIN)、用以驱动车辆的驱动轮轴(DS)的输出轴(GROUT)以及第一处理单元(GRUN)，所述第一处理单元(GRUN)配置成基于第一速度传感器(SPS1)的信号确定最佳传动比，
-主传动轴(MS)，所述主传动轴(MS)插置在所述输出轴(GROUT)与所述驱动轮轴(DS)之间，
-第一辅助离合器(PSC)，所述第一辅助离合器(PSC)用以将所述主传动轴和所述输出轴互相连接，
其中，所述主传动轴能够在无关于所述第一辅助离合器(PSC)的断开或闭合的状态的情况下与电动动力传动系(EE)相关联，并且其中，所述第一速度传感器与所述主传动轴(MC)稳定地连接以测量相关的第一速度，
所述传动系还包括第二处理单元(VCU)，所述第二处理单元(VCU)布置成连续执行下述步骤行以控制纯电驱动模式与混合动力模式或纯热模式之间的切换：
-激活所述热动力传动系(E)，
-等待直到所述齿轮箱的所述最佳传动比输入为止，然后
-借助于与所述输出轴(GROUT)相关联的第二速度传感器(SPS2)来监测所述输出轴(GROUT)的第二旋转速度并获取所述第一速度，
-控制所述热动力传动系的转速，以使所述第一速度与所述第二速度之间的差低于预定阈值，
-命令所述第一辅助离合器(PSC)闭合，
所述传动系还包括插置在所述热动力传动系(E)与所述输入轴之间的主离合器(MC)，并且其中，所述第二处理单元配置成在所述热动力传动系的激活紧之后且在所述最佳传动比的所述确定之前命令所述主离合器(MC)闭合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的传动系，其中，所述第二处理单元配置成停用所述热动力传动系(E)，并且其中，所述第一处理单元(GRUN)配置成只要所述热动力传动系保持停用就选择所述齿轮箱的空档位置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的传动系，其中，所述电动动力传动系(EE)借助于一对传动齿轮和第二辅助离合器(SSC)与所述主传动轴相关联，并且其中，所述第二处理单元配置成在纯电驱动模式期间保持稳定地闭合所述第二辅助离合器，以及仅在所述第一辅助离合器的所述闭合之后才断开所述第二辅助离合器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的传动系，其中，所述第二处理单元还配置成执行在所述热动力传动系的激活之后将所述热动力传动系带到预定旋转速度的步骤，以允许所述最佳传动比的所述确定。
5.根据权利要求4所述的传动系，其中，所述第二处理单元还配置成执行下述初步步骤：获取由所述电动动力传动系(EE)传递的扭矩并且根据所述热动力传动系的扭矩图选择所述热动力传动系的所述预定旋转速度，以允许所述热动力传动系在所述第一辅助离合器闭合之前传递与由所述电动动力传动系传递的扭矩至少相等的扭矩。
6.根据权利要求1至5中的任一项所述的传动系，其中，所述混合动力车辆是工业或商业车辆。
7.一种用于对混合动力车辆的传动系从纯电动模式到混合动力模式或纯热模式的切换程序进行控制的方法，所述传动系包括：
-齿轮箱(GR)，所述齿轮箱(GR)具有适于与热动力传动系(E)连接的输入轴(GRIN)、用以驱动车辆的驱动轮轴(DS)的输出轴(GROUT)以及第一处理单元(GRUN)，所述第一处理单元(GRUN)用以基于第一速度传感器(SPS1)的信号确定最佳传动比，
-主传动轴(MS)，所述主传动轴(MS)插置在所述输出轴(GROUT)与所述驱动轮轴(DS)之间，
-第一辅助离合器(PSC)，所述第一辅助离合器(PSC)用于将所述主传动轴和所述输出轴互相连接，
所述方法包括以下步骤：将第一速度传感器(SPS1)与所述主传动轴稳定地连接以测量相关的第一速度，以及在所述第一辅助离合器(PSC)闭合之前基于由所述第一速度传感器测得的第一速度选择所述传动比以执行所述切换，
所述方法还包括以下步骤：
-激活所述热动力传动系(E)，
-等待直到所述齿轮箱的所述最佳传动比已经输入为止，然后
-借助于与所述输出轴(GROUT)相关联的第二速度传感器(SPS2)来监测所述输出轴(GROUT)的第二旋转速度并获取所述第一速度，
-控制所述热动力传动系的转速，以使所述第一速度与所述第二速度之间的差低于预定阈值，
-命令所述第一辅助离合器(PSC)闭合，
所述传动系还包括插置在所述热动力传动系(E)与所述输入轴之间的主离合器(MC)，并且
所述方法还包括在所述热动力传动系的激活紧之后且在所述最佳传动比的所述确定之前命令所述主离合器(MC)闭合。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述混合动力车辆是工业或商业车辆。
9.一种包括热动力传动系(E)、电动动力传动系(EE)和根据权利要求1所述的传动系的商业或工业混合动力车辆。
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CN107097630A (zh) 2017-08-29
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PL3208124T3 (pl) 2020-10-05
ITUB20160874A1 (it) 2017-08-19

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