CN107091007B - 钢筋混凝土烟囱内砌外提模板施工工法 - Google Patents

钢筋混凝土烟囱内砌外提模板施工工法 Download PDF

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CN107091007B
CN107091007B CN201710315042.8A CN201710315042A CN107091007B CN 107091007 B CN107091007 B CN 107091007B CN 201710315042 A CN201710315042 A CN 201710315042A CN 107091007 B CN107091007 B CN 107091007B
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杨继民
张锋
陈刚
罗兴忠
李成高
麦才海
汪宗升
李超
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Ycih No13 Construction Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及钢筋混泥土烟囱的施工方法。目的在于提供钢筋混凝土烟囱内砌外提模板施工工法,能确保模板支护强度及烟囱的整体结构强度。包括以下步骤:A、钢筋笼的制作。B、烟囱筒壁模板制作。C、内衬砖砌筑,在内衬砖纵横方向每隔几匹砖设置一根倾斜的拉结筋。D、浇注烟囱筒壁,收紧紧线器,往内模板和外模板之间浇注混凝土。E、待下一段烟囱筒壁的混凝土凝结后,按步骤A施工钢筋笼,然后松开紧线器,将外模板提升至下一高度,按步骤B施工内模板,按步骤C施工内衬砖和拉结筋,按步骤D浇注混凝土。本发明能够提高钢筋混凝土烟囱施工时泡沫塑料内模板的支护强度及内衬砖的挠性,极大的提高了烟囱整体的结构强度。

Description

钢筋混凝土烟囱内砌外提模板施工工法
技术领域
本发明涉及钢筋混泥土烟囱的施工方法,具体涉及钢筋混凝土烟囱内砌外提模板施工工法。
背景技术
目前对于钢筋混凝土烟囱的施工,较高效的方法主要利用镀锌薄铁皮制作定型外模板,内模板则利用烟囱内部内衬砖,采用“内砌外提模板”法施工烟囱。但有些烟囱砖墙与混凝土筒壁之间设计有50mm左右间隔,为空气隔热层。采用上述方法施工,由于混凝土有一定的流动性,浇筑混凝土时混凝土在流体特性下会填充烟囱筒壁与内衬砖直接的间隙,无法预留空气隔热层。目前要预留空气隔热层只能重新支设内模板,待筒壁砼浇筑完后,拆除内模板再砌筑内衬砖。这样就增加了施工工序,同时在人员、施工材料上的投入也增多,工期也相对增长,施工成本增加,减小了市场竞争力。
为此,现有技术中出现了一种烟囱施工方法,该方法在烟囱施工的过程中,利用泡沫塑料作为内模板,在支护好内模板后,直接砌筑内衬砖,然后浇注混凝土。由于无需拆卸内模板,从而简化了施工工序。在烟囱投入使用后,在高温作用下,泡沫塑料自行融化,实现内模板自动拆除。但由于内模板由泡沫塑料制成,其强度具有一定的局限性,单纯采用外伸砖顶住内模板的方式,无法满足内模板支护强度的需求。
除此之外,从烟囱总体结构强度上讲,由于空气隔热层的设置,烟囱内衬砖无法直接贴靠在钢筋混凝土外层上,同时由于内衬砖中无钢筋的拉扯,其挠性不足,抗震性能较差,尤其是在烟囱整体较高时,该缺陷更为明显。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供钢筋混凝土烟囱内砌外提模板施工工法,能确保模板支护强度及烟囱的整体结构强度。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:钢筋混凝土烟囱内砌外提模板施工工法,包括以下步骤:
A、钢筋笼的制作
根据烟囱筒壁的设计尺寸制作钢筋笼;
B、烟囱筒壁模板制作
根据需要制作的烟囱筒壁确定外模板和内模板的直径,外模板采用2mm厚的白铁皮卷制成圆柱形,白铁皮采用多道6mm钢丝绳加固,每道钢丝绳上安装一个紧线器,用于调节钢丝绳的松紧,外模板上端装有拉环,便于通过提升器一段一段的提升外模板;内模板采用泡沫塑料注塑为圆柱形,外模板与内模板同心;
C、内衬砖砌筑
在距离内模板一定距离的位置由下至上一层一层的砌筑内衬砖,所述的一定距离为设计的空气隔热层厚度减去内模板的厚度;内衬砖的砌筑高度与外模板平齐,对于上部的内衬砖砌筑不方便时,在烟囱中心搭设脚手架;在内衬砖纵横方向每隔几匹砖砌筑一块外伸砖,在内衬砖纵横方向每隔几匹砖设置一根倾斜的拉结筋,拉结筋的一端埋设在内衬砖的灰缝中,另一端穿过内模板与烟囱筒壁的钢筋笼拉结;所有的外伸砖和拉结筋沿内衬砖的圆周方向呈放射状均匀分布,所述外伸砖顶住内模板、拉结筋带紧内模板实现对内模板的固定;所述内模板上被拉结筋穿过处的缝隙用聚氨酯发泡剂封堵;
D、浇注烟囱筒壁
收紧紧线器,往内模板和外模板之间浇注混凝土;
E、待下一段烟囱筒壁的混凝土凝结后,按步骤A继续施工钢筋笼,然后松开紧线器,通过拉环和提升器将外模板提升至下一高度,按步骤B继续施工内模板,按步骤C继续施工内衬砖和拉结筋,按步骤D浇注混凝土;重复以上步骤,直到烟囱封顶。
优选的,所述脚手架总体呈井字形且脚手架的中心作为物料提升装置运行的通道,所述物料提升装置包括定滑轮、导向滑轮、提升钢绳和卷扬机,所述定滑轮架设在脚手架顶端的中心,所述导向滑轮位于定滑轮下方,所述提升钢绳依次绕过定滑轮和导向滑轮后穿过烟囱的出口与位于烟囱外的卷扬机连接。
优选的,所述每根拉结筋包括一根上拉筋和一根下拉筋,所述上拉筋和下拉筋的上段相互平行并焊接,且共同埋设在内衬砖的灰缝中;上拉筋和下拉筋的下段之间构成15-45°夹角,且端部分别与钢筋笼拉结。
优选的,在步骤E中,每一段烟囱筒壁的混凝土浇注完成后,通过养护装置进行为期9天的连续养护,养护装置包括悬挂于外模板钢丝绳上的PVC软管,所述PVC软管绕烟囱一周并接至地面水源,PVC软管绕烟囱一周的部分在朝向烟囱的一面开设直径3mm的小孔。
优选的,所述内模板由多块弧形的泡沫板拼接构成,所述每一块泡沫板至少被两根拉结筋穿过。泡沫板的拼缝处通过聚氨酯发泡剂填充。
本发明的有益效果集中体现在:能够提高钢筋混凝土烟囱施工时泡沫塑料内模板的支护强度及内衬砖的挠性,极大的提高了烟囱整体的结构强度。具体来说,本发明通过拉结筋的设置,使得烟囱的内衬砖和烟囱筒壁相互拉扯,在地震等情况下,内衬砖可将应力通过拉结筋分散的传递至烟囱筒壁上,同时拉结筋也可通过自身的变形实现缓冲和释放应力。另外,空气隔热层不仅起到隔热的作用,同时也为内衬砖和筒壁提供了足够的变形空间。与传统的烟囱施工方式相比,本发明烟囱的挠性更好,结构强度更佳,尤其适合高度较大的烟囱的施工。由于内模板由泡沫塑料制成,虽然无需拆卸内模板,但内模板强度不足,每一段的烟囱筒壁的施工高度有限,本发明通过拉结筋穿过内模板从而将内模板带紧,辅以外伸砖顶住内模板从而将内模板顶紧,从而极大的提高了内模板的强度。提高了每一段烟囱筒壁的施工高度,从整体上降低了工期。
附图说明
图1为钢筋混凝土烟囱内砌外提模板施工工法示意图;
图2为图1中A部放大图;
图3为图1中B-B向视图;
图4为物料提升装置的结构示意图;
图5为一种优选的拉结筋的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
结合图1-5所示的,钢筋混凝土烟囱内砌外提模板施工工法,包括以下步骤:A、钢筋笼1的制作,根据烟囱筒壁的设计尺寸制作钢筋笼1。
B、烟囱筒壁模板制作
根据需要制作的烟囱筒壁确定外模板3和内模板4的直径,也就是说,外模板3的尺寸由烟囱筒壁的外径确定,内模板4的尺寸由烟囱筒壁的内径确定,外模板3采用2mm厚的白铁皮卷制成圆柱形,白铁皮也就是镀锌铁皮,白铁皮采用多道6mm钢丝绳5加固,钢丝绳5的数量为多道,一圈一圈的缠绕在外模板3外,每道钢丝绳5上安装一个紧线器6,市售的各种紧线器6均可,紧线器6用于调节钢丝绳5的松紧。除此之外,外模板3上还可以设置多个用于钢丝绳5穿过的穿线环,穿线环用于对钢丝绳5进行导向和限位,避免钢丝绳5滑落。如图2所示,外模板3上端装有拉环7,便于通过提升器一段一段的提升外模板3。内模板4采用泡沫塑料注塑为圆柱形,外模板3与内模板4同心。所述内模板4可以是一块圆筒状的整体结构,为了便于运输,也可以是由多块弧形的泡沫板拼接构成,泡沫板的拼缝处通过聚氨酯发泡剂填充。
C、内衬砖8砌筑
在距离内模板4一定距离的位置由下至上一层一层的砌筑内衬砖8,所述的一定距离为设计的空气隔热层9厚度减去内模板4的厚度,也就是说空气隔热层9的厚度也就是混凝土2浇注完成后,混凝土2与内衬砖8之间的距离。内衬砖8的砌筑高度与外模板3平齐,在砌筑时,通常两层砖之间交错1/2砖。对于上部的内衬砖8砌筑不方便时,在烟囱中心搭设脚手架10。将脚手架10搭设在烟囱内部可以极大的减少脚手架10的使用数量,降低施工成本。所述脚手架10可在烟囱内满堂搭设,也可以是如图1所示,所述脚手架10总体呈井字形且脚手架10的中心作为物料提升装置运行的通道,这样更加便于在施工高度较大时砂浆、砖等物料的运输。如图4所示,所述物料提升装置包括定滑轮13、导向滑轮14、提升钢绳15和卷扬机16,所述定滑轮13架设在脚手架10顶端的中心,也就是定滑轮13固定架设在脚手架10中心的通道正上方,所述导向滑轮14位于定滑轮13下方,所述提升钢绳15依次绕过定滑轮13和导向滑轮14后,穿过烟囱的出口与位于烟囱外的卷扬机16连接。
在内衬砖8砌筑时,在内衬砖8纵横方向每隔几匹砖砌筑一块外伸砖11,在内衬砖8纵横方向每隔几匹砖设置一根倾斜的拉结筋12,也就是在内衬砖8高度方向和周向上,每隔几匹砖就设置有一块外伸砖11和拉结筋12。拉结筋12的一端埋设在内衬砖8的灰缝中,另一端穿过内模板4与烟囱筒壁的钢筋笼1拉结。拉结筋12可以由一根钢筋构成,钢筋的一端在砌筑内衬砖8时埋设在灰缝中,另一端在刺穿内模板4后与钢筋笼1捆扎在一起或焊接在一起,未避免内模板4损坏,通常是先在测量好拉结筋12的倾斜度后在内模板4上先开设通孔。当内模板4由多块泡沫板构成时,要确保每一块泡沫板至少被两根拉结筋12穿过。所有的外伸砖11和拉结筋12沿内衬砖8的圆周方向呈放射状均匀分布,所述外伸砖11顶住内模板4、拉结筋12带紧内模板4实现对内模板4的固定。所述内模板4上被拉结筋12穿过处的缝隙用聚氨酯发泡剂封堵,避免在浇注混凝土2的过程中混凝土2从缝隙处流出。
当然,为了进一步提高拉结筋12的拉结性能,更好的做法还可以如图5所示,所述每根拉结筋12包括一根上拉筋17和一根下拉筋18,所述上拉筋17和下拉筋18的上段相互平行并焊接,且共同埋设在内衬砖8的灰缝中。上拉筋17和下拉筋18的下段之间构成15-45°夹角,且端部分别与钢筋笼1拉结。这样,拉结筋12的上拉筋17和下拉筋18就可以与钢筋笼1之间构成更加稳定的三角形结构,从而提高拉结筋12的拉扯性能。
D、浇注烟囱筒壁
收紧紧线器6,往内模板4和外模板3之间浇注混凝土2。
E、待下一段烟囱筒壁的混凝土2凝结后,按步骤A继续施工钢筋笼1,然后松开紧线器6,通过拉环7和提升器将外模板3提升至下一高度,按步骤B继续施工内模板4,通常内模板4和外模板3与下一段混凝土2的交错距离在10cm左右,也就是内模板4和外模板3同已浇筑好的混凝土2之间有10cm左右的重叠部分。按步骤C继续施工内衬砖8和拉结筋12,按步骤D浇注混凝土2。重复以上步骤,直到烟囱封顶。通常,更好的做法是,在每一段烟囱筒壁的混凝土2浇注完成后,通过养护装置进行为期9天的连续养护,养护装置包括悬挂于外模板3钢丝绳5上的PVC软管,所述PVC软管绕烟囱一周并接至地面水源,PVC软管绕烟囱一周的部分在朝向烟囱的一面开设直径3mm的小孔。在施工上一段的烟囱时,可打开PVC软管上的闸阀,水从小孔内喷出,顺着外模板3下落,被外模板3下方一定距离内的混凝土2吸收,从而对混凝土2进行养护。
本发明通过拉结筋12的设置,使得烟囱的内衬砖8和烟囱筒壁相互拉扯,在地震等情况下,内衬砖8可将应力通过拉结筋12分散的传递至烟囱筒壁上,同时拉结筋12也可通过自身的变形实现缓冲和释放应力。另外,空气隔热层9不仅起到隔热的作用,同时也为内衬砖8和筒壁提供了足够的变形空间。与传统的烟囱施工方式相比,本发明烟囱的挠性更好,结构强度更佳,尤其适合高度较大的烟囱的施工。由于内模板4由泡沫塑料制成,虽然无需拆卸内模板4,但内模板4强度不足,每一段的烟囱筒壁的施工高度有限,本发明通过拉结筋12穿过内模板4从而将内模板4带紧,辅以外伸砖11顶住内模板4从而将内模板4顶紧,从而极大的提高了内模板4的强度。提高了每一段烟囱筒壁的施工高度,从整体上降低了工期。

Claims (3)

1.钢筋混凝土烟囱内砌外提模板施工工法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
A、钢筋笼(1)的制作
根据烟囱筒壁的设计尺寸制作钢筋笼(1);
B、烟囱筒壁模板制作
根据需要制作的烟囱筒壁确定外模板(3)和内模板(4)的直径,外模板(3)采用2mm厚的白铁皮卷制成圆柱形,白铁皮采用多道6mm钢丝绳(5)加固,每道钢丝绳(5)上安装一个紧线器(6),用于调节钢丝绳(5)的松紧,外模板(3)上端装有拉环(7),便于通过提升器一段一段的提升外模板(3);内模板(4)采用泡沫塑料注塑为圆柱形,外模板(3)与内模板(4)同心;
C、内衬砖(8)砌筑
在距离内模板(4)一定距离的位置由下至上一层一层的砌筑内衬砖(8),所述的一定距离为设计的空气隔热层(9)厚度减去内模板(4)的厚度;内衬砖(8)的砌筑高度与外模板(3)平齐,对于上部的内衬砖(8)砌筑不方便时,在烟囱中心搭设脚手架(10);在内衬砖(8)纵横方向每隔几匹砖砌筑一块外伸砖(11),在内衬砖(8)纵横方向每隔几匹砖设置一根倾斜的拉结筋(12),拉结筋(12)的一端埋设在内衬砖(8)的灰缝中,另一端穿过内模板(4)与烟囱筒壁的钢筋笼(1)拉结;所有的外伸砖(11)和拉结筋(12)沿内衬砖(8)的圆周方向呈放射状均匀分布,所述外伸砖(11)顶住内模板(4)、拉结筋(12)带紧内模板(4)实现对内模板(4)的固定;所述内模板(4)上被拉结筋(12)穿过处的缝隙用聚氨酯发泡剂封堵;
所述每根拉结筋(12)包括一根上拉筋(17)和一根下拉筋(18),所述上拉筋(17)和下拉筋(18)的上段相互平行并焊接,且共同埋设在内衬砖(8)的灰缝中;上拉筋(17)和下拉筋(18)的下段之间构成15-45°夹角,且端部分别与钢筋笼(1)拉结;上拉筋(17)和下拉筋(18)就可以与钢筋笼(1)之间构成更加稳定的三角形结构;
D、浇注烟囱筒壁
收紧紧线器(6),往内模板(4)和外模板(3)之间浇注混凝土(2);
E、待下一段烟囱筒壁的混凝土(2)凝结后,按步骤A继续施工钢筋笼(1),然后松开紧线器(6),通过拉环(7)和提升器将外模板(3)提升至下一高度,按步骤B继续施工内模板(4),按步骤C继续施工内衬砖(8)和拉结筋(12),按步骤D浇注混凝土(2);重复以上步骤,直到烟囱封顶;
在每一段烟囱筒壁的混凝土(2)浇注完成后,通过养护装置进行为期9天的连续养护,养护装置包括悬挂于外模板(3)的钢丝绳(5)上的PVC软管,所述PVC软管绕烟囱一周并接至地面水源,PVC软管绕烟囱一周的部分在朝向烟囱的一面开设直径3mm的小孔;在施工上一段的烟囱时,可打开PVC软管上的闸阀,水从小孔内喷出,顺着外模板(3)下落,被外模板(3)下方一定距离内的混凝土(2)吸收,从而对混凝土(2)进行养护。
2.根据权利要求1所述的钢筋混凝土烟囱内砌外提模板施工工法,其特征在于:所述脚手架(10)总体呈井字形且脚手架(10)的中心作为物料提升装置运行的通道,所述物料提升装置包括定滑轮(13)、导向滑轮(14)、提升钢绳(15)和卷扬机(16),所述定滑轮(13)架设在脚手架(10)顶端的中心,所述导向滑轮(14)位于定滑轮(13)下方,所述提升钢绳(15)依次绕过定滑轮(13)和导向滑轮(14)后穿过烟囱的出口与位于烟囱外的卷扬机(16)连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的钢筋混凝土烟囱内砌外提模板施工工法,其特征在于:所述内模板(4)由多块弧形的泡沫板拼接构成,所述每一块泡沫板至少被两根拉结筋(12)穿过;泡沫板的拼缝处通过聚氨酯发泡剂填充。
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