CN107089679B - 一种自模板利用醇酸脱水微波原位制备片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶的方法 - Google Patents
一种自模板利用醇酸脱水微波原位制备片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107089679B CN107089679B CN201710258019.XA CN201710258019A CN107089679B CN 107089679 B CN107089679 B CN 107089679B CN 201710258019 A CN201710258019 A CN 201710258019A CN 107089679 B CN107089679 B CN 107089679B
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Abstract
本发明属于农药残留物去除和新光催化剂技术领域,具体公开了一种自模板利用醇酸脱水微波原位制备片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶的方法。该方法是将前驱体二氟氧钛加入到能发生脱水反应的多元醇、羧酸、酸酐或羟基酸中,以二氟氧钛为自模板,利用醇酸脱水可控水解,微波溶剂热原位制备片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶。该方法既合成了可回收利用的醚、醇醚和羧酸酯等有机产物;又能制备出结构规整、光催化性能优异的片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶。此法一举两得,后处理简单、成本低廉、工艺操作简单、节能环保、可应用于工业大量生产,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农药残留物去除和新光催化剂的制备技术领域,具体涉及一种自模板利用醇酸脱水微波原位制备片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶的方法,并合成了可回收利用的醚、醇醚和羧酸酯等产物,所得产品可用于去除农药残留物和催化有机反应等。
背景技术
二氧化钛作为一种性能优越的宽禁带半导体材料,因具有很高的化学稳定性、热稳定性、强氧化性且环境友好等特征,使其在污水处理、光触媒、光解水制氢、染料敏化太阳能电池等方面得到了广泛应用,被认为是最具潜力的光催化剂,但其存在只能吸收紫外光,光量子利用率低的问题。人们经过研究发现,通过改变二氧化钛的形貌和微结构可以有效改善其光催化活性。目前,人们已经制备出多种不同形貌和微结构的二氧化钛材料,如:二氧化钛纳米线、纳米管、纳米片以及空心球结构的二氧化钛等材料。然而片状镶嵌中空结构的TiO2纳米晶却尚未见报道,中空结构具有比表面积大、密度低,有一定可见光吸收的特点,是很好的药物载体和光催化剂。
制备二氧化钛的方法中,常用的方法有两类,一类是模板法,模板法有软模板法和硬模板法。如:中国专利CN 101215004A公开了一种使用表面活性剂作为软模板制备纳米二氧化钛空心球的方法,利用四氯化钛在反胶束表面水解形成球形,然后通过高温火焰除掉表面活性剂,可得二氧化钛空心球,该方法火焰温度达1000~2500℃,所需反应条件苛刻,耗能大;中国专利CN 101428220A和 CN 104001491A分别公开了使用聚苯乙烯球(PS)作为硬模板,通过使用高温或有机溶剂的方法除掉PS微球,可得空心球二氧化钛材料。此法用到的有机溶剂不可回收利用且污染了环境。软模板和硬模板由于需要其他模板,故需通过高温处理、有机溶剂或者强腐蚀性溶液等除掉模板,因而提高了制备成本,增加了环境的负担,也带来了安全隐患,不利于大量工业生产。另一类是非模板法,非模板法有水热法、溶剂热法、高温煅烧法等。如:中国专利CN 103130226A公开了一种纳米薄片构筑的二氧化钛空心球的制备方法,其采用硫酸氧钛与氟硼酸的水溶液直接水热反应可制备出纳米薄片构筑的TiO2空心球,该方法水解速度过快,难以控制二氧化钛形貌的形成;中国专利CN103041794A一种用乙醇、叔丁醇和油胺通过溶剂热法制备高能面二氧化钛纳米片光催化剂,以及中国专利 CN 101555037A和CN 101215000A等报道了使用溶剂热法制备空心球结构的二氧化钛,这三种溶剂热法消耗大量的有机溶剂,溶剂不可回收利用且污染了环境;中国专利CN 105133013A和CN 104707641A等报道了高温煅烧的方法制备空心 TiO2,该方法所需温度高、反应时间长,产率较低。也有微波溶剂热法制备二氧化钛复合材料,如Ag/TiO2、Zn/TiO2和ZrO2/TiO2等,迄今还没有文献报道微波溶剂热法制备片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶,综上所述,急切需要找到一种可靠方法制备。而本申请的方法无需其他模板,以自身为模板,采用微波溶剂热,以同种多元醇、异种多元醇、多元醇和羧酸、多元醇和酸酐、多元醇和羟基酸等作为溶剂,在微波反应器中,利用醇酸脱水,对二氟氧钛可控水解,既原位制备出结构规整、催化性能优异的片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶,又合成了可回收利用的醚、醇醚和羧酸酯等有机产物,降低了对环境的污染,可应用于工业大量生产。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的不足,本发明的目的在于提供了一种利用醇酸脱水微波原位制备出片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶光催化剂的方法。本发明的方法是将前驱体二氟氧钛与能发生脱水反应的多元醇、羧酸、酸酐或羟基酸等作用,在微波反应器中,利用醇酸脱水,对二氟氧钛进行可控水解,自模板原位制备出片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶,并合成了可回收利用的醚、醇醚和羧酸酯等产物。
一种自模板利用醇酸脱水微波原位制备片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶的方法,其步骤如下:
(1)将二氟氧钛(化学式为TiOF2,以自身为模板)与能发生脱水反应的溶剂混合,超声分散均匀,然后将混合物转移到带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中;将反应釜密封后,置于微波反应器中加热,功率设置在600~800W,在 200~240℃下反应6~12小时;
所述二氟氧钛和溶剂的固液比例为(0.5-1)g:40mL;
所述溶剂为单一溶剂或混合溶剂,优选为混合溶剂;
当所述溶剂为单一溶剂时,所述单一溶剂为多元醇;
当所述溶剂为混合溶剂时,所述混合溶剂为两种以上多元醇混合溶剂、多元醇和羧酸混合溶剂、多元醇和酸酐混合溶剂或者多元醇和羟基酸混合溶剂;
所述混合溶剂为多元醇和羧酸混合溶剂、多元醇和酸酐混合溶剂或者多元醇和羟基酸混合溶剂时,混合溶剂中多元醇的体积比为60%以上;
(2)待反应釜冷却到室温后,分离出沉淀,将所得沉淀先用乙醇洗,再用蒸馏水反复洗涤直到洗出液的pH=8,将滤饼在真空干燥箱中50~60℃干燥,干燥后即得片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶光催化剂,滤液通过萃取、提纯,可得到醚、醇醚和/或羧酸酯等有机产物;
所述片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶中的片状镶嵌在中空壳层中,有垂直镶嵌的,也有倾斜镶嵌的。
所述多元醇为乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇或丙三醇,优选为乙二醇;
所述羧酸为乙酸、丙酸、正丁酸、油酸或乙二酸,优选为乙酸;
所述酸酐为乙酸酐、马来酸酐或邻苯二甲酸酐,优选为乙酸酐;
所述羟基酸为羟基乙酸(乙醇酸)或α-羟基丙酸(乳酸),优选为羟基乙酸 (乙醇酸)。
本发明方法所制备的片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶催化剂的光催化活性测试方法为:
(一)光催化氧化苄胺反应:在一只洁净的50mL光催化反应瓶中依次加入25mg催化剂和25mL乙腈,超声使催化剂均匀地分散在乙腈中;然后加入 0.11mL苄胺(1mmol),黑暗条件下搅拌15min。打开氙灯(功率350W)光源,电流调至9.0A,连续光照6h,取样离心,气相色谱分析。
气相色谱的参数设定:(1)进样口的温度和压力分别为250℃和9.0×105pa,运行模式为"分流",其中分流比设定为10:1,分流流量设定为20mL/min。(2) 检测器参数设定,温度设定为270℃,空气流量设定为300mL/min,氢气燃气流量设定为40mL/min,尾吹气流量(N2)30mL/min,色谱柱流量2mL/min,火焰134.1pA。(3)柱箱参数设定,开启温度为50℃,平衡时间0.5min,最高柱箱温度为325℃。
(二)光催化降解农药氟虫腈:以氙灯(350W)为模拟太阳光光源,以农药氟虫腈为光降解底物,浓度为1×10-4mol/L。鉴于氟虫腈在纯水中溶解度较低,添加乙腈作助溶剂。使用高效液相色谱测定氟虫腈在不同时刻降解后的浓度。打开氙灯(功率350W)光源,电流调至9.0A,连续光照9h,取样离心,液相色谱分析。液相色谱条件如下:色谱柱为phenomenexC18色谱柱(250nm×4.6mm, 5μm);流动相为乙腈:水=62:38;流速为1.0mL/min;检测波长为250nm;进样量20μL。探究氟虫腈的光降解性能。
(三)活性物种(·OH)检测:检测TiO2在光催化降解污染物时产生的活性物种羟基自由基(·OH),以香豆素为探针分子,TiO2在足够能量的光波照射下,与水反应产生活性物种羟基自由基(·OH),这时香豆素快速与羟基自由基结合,生成具有强荧光性质的物质7-羟基香豆素。具体过程如下:取50mg的催化剂与 50mL香豆素溶液(浓度为1×10-4mol·L-1)进行暗处理达到吸附平衡,再用氙灯光源光照,分别在光照0min、2min、6min、8min、10min的时间取样,用0.22μm 孔径滤膜过滤,再离心取上层清液。再用荧光光谱仪测量溶液的荧光发射强度,已知香豆素的激发波长为353nm。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点和有益效果如下:
(1)无需其他模板,以自身为模板,不需要引入其他物质作为模板,也不需要高温处理、有机溶剂或强腐蚀性溶液等除掉模板,不引入其他杂质,环境污染,降低了制备成本。
(2)微波溶剂热显著的特点是可以将反应时间大大缩短,反应温度也有所降低,提高了分子运动速度,降低了反应活化能,以更低温度、更短时间进行晶核的形成和生长,有利于制备片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶。
(3)控制醇酸脱水的反应温度,可以控制生成水的速度,从而使二氟氧钛可控水解,避免了水解速度过快而难以控制产物形貌;醇酸溶剂之间相互作用,多功能合成,生成了一些有用的有机产物,如醚类、酯类等,使有机产物得到了回收利用,不污染环境,既制备出结构规整、光催化性能优异的片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶,也合成出可回收利用的醚、酯等有机物。
(4)制备的片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶与众不同、结构新颖,比表面积大、密度低,光催化性能好,可作为药物载体、光催化剂,在医学基础研究和实际光催化应用方面具有潜在的价值。
(5)本发明方法工艺简单、易于操作、条件温和、能耗低、便于放大实验,对设备要求不高,可用于工业大批量生产,因而更具有实际应用前景。
附图说明
图1是原料立方块二氟氧钛S0场发射扫描电镜图;
图2是实施例1所得样品S1的场发射扫描电镜图;
图3是实施例1所得样品S1的透射电镜图;
图4是实施例2所得样品S2的场发射扫描电镜图;
图5是实施例2所得样品S2的透射电镜图;
图6是实施例3所得样品S3的场发射扫描电镜图;
图7是实施例4所得样品S4的场发射扫描电镜图;
图8是实施例5所得样品S5的场发射扫描电镜图;
图9是不同比例的醇酸制备的样品V1、V2、V3(S3)和V4的场发射扫描电镜图;
图10是实施例1制备的前驱体二氟氧钛S0的粉末X射线衍射图(XRD);
图11是实施例中所得样品S1、S2、S3、S4、S5及T1粉末的X射线衍射图 (XRD);
图12是S1对农药氟虫腈的降解液相色谱图;
图13是活性物种(·OH)检测图。
具体实施方式
下面申请人将结合具体的实施例对本发明的方法加以详细说明,以便本领域技术人员对本发明有更进一步的理解。
实施例1:前驱体二氟氧钛的制备
制备方法参考文献Chem.Commun.,2011,41,6722-6724,详细过程为:在磁力搅拌下,将15g钛酸四丁酯(分析纯)滴加到已经装有30mL冰醋酸(分析纯,含量99.5%)和5mL氢氟酸(分析纯,40wt%水溶液)混合溶液的聚四氟乙烯烧杯中,磁力搅拌30分钟,然后将所得溶液转移到容积为100mL带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中。密闭后置于在恒温干燥烘箱中,设置加热温度200℃, 0.5h达到设定温度,接着反应6小时;待反应釜冷却到室温后,将所得白色沉淀用滤膜过滤,蒸馏水反复洗涤沉淀,直到洗出液pH=7左右。最后将所得滤饼于 60℃下真空干燥6小时,所得产品标记为S0,通过图10粉末X射线衍射图(XRD) 显示,a为二氟氧钛的标准谱线,b为S0的谱线,对比可知S0是二氟氧钛,由场发射扫描电镜照片显示,S0样品(图1)为纳米立方块状,可证明制备出的是纳米立方状二氟氧钛。
S0样品备用于以下实施例。
实施例2:同种多元醇脱水成醚制备片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶
本实施例利用同种多元醇分子间脱水成醚,产生的水使二氟氧钛可控水解:
取0.5g二氟氧钛(S0)和40mL乙二醇混合,超声分散10分钟,然后将混合物转移到带聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中;将反应釜密封后,置于微波反应器中,功率设置在700W,由室温加热到200℃后保温反应6小时;待反应釜冷却到室温后,将所得的沉淀进行抽滤,先用乙醇洗,再用蒸馏水反复洗涤直到洗出液的pH=8,然后将滤饼在真空干燥箱中于60℃下干燥6小时,所得样品记为S1,产量为0.36g。滤液通过萃取、提纯,得到总体积为35mL的环氧乙烷和乙二醇醚。由图11,S1粉末X射线衍射数据(XRD)表明,在2θ为25.18°,38.55°,47.80°,55.06°,62.56°,69.80°出现衍射峰,是典型的锐钛矿TiO2的特征峰,故其为锐钛矿TiO2纳米晶,由场发射扫描电镜照片图2和透射电镜照片图3显示样品S1为微片状镶嵌立方中空结构,有垂直镶嵌的,也有倾斜镶嵌的。所得有机产物结构为:
实施例3:异种多元醇脱水成醚制备片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶
利用异种多元醇分子间脱水成醚,产生的水使二氟氧钛可控水解:
取0.5g二氟氧钛(S0)、10mL丙三醇与30mL乙二醇混合,超声分散10分钟,然后将混合物转移到带聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中;将反应釜密封后,置于微波反应器中,功率设置在700W,由室温加热到240℃后保温反应8小时;待反应釜冷却到室温后,将所得的沉淀进行抽滤,先用乙醇洗,再用蒸馏水反复洗涤直到洗出液的pH=8,然后将滤饼于60℃下真空干燥6小时,所得样品记为 S2,产量为0.34g。滤液通过萃取、提纯,得到总体积为30mL的乙二醇醚和二聚丙三醇醚。由XRD图11显示S2是锐钛矿TiO2纳米晶,由场发射扫描电镜照片图4和透射电镜照片图5显示样品S2为片状镶嵌立方中空结构,有垂直镶嵌的,也有倾斜镶嵌的。所得有机产物结构:
实施例4:多元醇和羧酸脱水成酯制备片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶
利用多元醇和羧酸脱水成酯,产生的水使二氟氧钛可控水解:
取0.5g二氟氧钛(S0)、10mL乙酸与30mL乙二醇混合,超声分散10分钟,然后将混合物转移到带聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中;将反应釜密封后,置于微波反应器中,功率设置在700W,由室温加热到220℃后保温反应6小时;待反应釜冷却到室温后,将所得的沉淀进行抽滤,先用乙醇洗,再用蒸馏水反复洗涤直到洗出液的pH=8,然后将滤饼在真空干燥箱中于60℃下干燥6小时,所得样品标记为S3,产量为0.38g。滤液通过萃取、提纯,得到总体积为32mL的乙二醇醚和二乙酸乙二酯。由XRD图11显示S3是锐钛矿TiO2纳米晶,由图6 场发射扫描电镜图显示,样品S3二氧化钛为片状镶嵌立方中空结构,有垂直镶嵌的,也有倾斜镶嵌的。所得有机产物结构:
实施例5:多元醇和酸酐脱水成酯制备片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶
利用多元醇和酸酐脱水成酯,产生的水使二氟氧钛可控水解:
取0.5g二氟氧钛(S0)、5mL乙酸酐与35mL乙二醇混合,超声分散10分钟,然后将混合物转移到带聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中;置于微波反应器中,功率设置在600W,由室温加热到220℃后保温反应10小时,待反应釜冷却到室温后,将所得的沉淀进行抽滤,先用乙醇洗,再用蒸馏水反复洗涤直到洗出液的pH=8,然后将滤饼于60℃下真空干燥6小时,所得样品标记为S4,产量为 0.35g。滤液通过萃取、提纯,得到总体积为30mL的乙二醇醚和二乙酸乙二酯。由XRD图11显示S4是锐钛矿TiO2纳米晶,由图7场发射扫描电镜图显示,样品S4二氧化钛为多片状镶嵌立方中空结构,有垂直镶嵌的,也有倾斜镶嵌的。所得有机产物结构:
实施例6:多元醇和羟基酸反应制备片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶
利用α-羟基酸分子间脱水成酯,醇和羟基酸反应,产生的水与二氟氧钛反应:
取0.5g二氟氧钛(S0)、5mL羟基乙酸(乙醇酸)与35mL乙二醇混合,超声分散10分钟,然后将混合物转移到带聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中;将反应釜密封后,置于微波反应器中,功率设置在800W,由室温加热到240℃后保温反应8小时;待反应釜冷却到室温后,将所得沉淀进行抽滤,先用乙醇洗,再用蒸馏水反复洗涤直到洗出液的pH=8,然后将滤饼于60℃下真空干燥6小时,所得样品记为S5,产量为0.36g。滤液通过萃取、提纯,得到总体积为28mL的乙二醇醚和乙二醇酸酯。由XRD图11显示S5是锐钛矿TiO2纳米晶,由图8场发射扫描电镜图显示,样品S5二氧化钛为多片状镶嵌立方中空结构,有垂直镶嵌的,也有倾斜镶嵌的。
实施例7:不同温度对片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶的影响
利用同种多元醇分子间脱水成醚,产生的水使二氟氧钛可控水解:
做五组温度条件试验,每组均取0.5g二氟氧钛(S0)和40mL乙二醇混合,超声分散10分钟,然后将混合物转移到带聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中;将反应釜密封后,置于微波反应器中,功率设置在700W,分别加热至160℃、 180℃、200℃、220℃和240℃后保温反应6小时;待反应釜冷却到室温后,将所得的沉淀进行抽滤,先用乙醇洗,再用蒸馏水反复洗涤直到洗出液的pH=8,然后将滤饼于60℃下真空干燥6小时,所得样品记为T1、T2、T3(S1)、T4和 T5,产量依次为0.34g、0.32g、0.36g、0.35g、0.31g。滤液通过萃取、提纯,分别得到30、31、32、34和33mL环氧乙烷和乙二醇醚。通过粉末X射线衍射谱图(XRD)表明,产品为锐钛矿TiO2纳米晶,场发射扫描电镜照片显示样品为微片状镶嵌立方中空结构,其中温度在200~240℃下反应所得产品的形貌比较规整,统一。
实施例8:不同醇酸比例对片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶的影响
取0.5g二氟氧钛(S0)、10mL乙酸与30mL乙二醇混合,超声分散10分钟,然后将该混合物转移到带聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中;将反应釜密封后,置于微波反应器中,功率设置在700W,由室温加热到220℃后保温反应6小时;待反应釜冷却到室温后,将所得的沉淀抽滤,先用乙醇洗,再用蒸馏水反复洗涤直到洗出液的pH=8,然后将滤饼于60℃下真空干燥6小时,所得样品标记为 V3(S3),同样的操作将0.5g二氟氧钛(S0)分别和5mL乙酸与35mL乙二醇、 4mL乙酸与36mL乙二醇、2mL乙酸与38mL乙二醇混合后反应,所得样品标记为V1、V2和V4。滤液通过萃取、提纯,回收利用乙二醇醚和二乙酸乙二酯。由场发射扫描电镜图显示,图9中可以发现,随着乙二醇量的增加,样品为片状镶嵌立方中空结构越来越规整。
实施例9:样品催化剂的比表面积测定
将所制备的催化剂S1、S2、S3、S4、S5以及P25通过比表面积测定仪进行测定,我们发现本发明方法制备的片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2催化剂比表面积大,密度低。表1为催化剂的比表面积。
表1各催化剂的比表面积数据
实施例10:光催化氧化苄胺反应的效果对比
在一只洁净的50mL光催化反应瓶中依次加入25mg的商业化催化剂二氧化钛(P25)和25mL的乙腈,超声使催化剂均匀地分散在乙腈中;然后加入0.11 mL苄胺(1mmol),黑暗条件下搅拌15min。打开氙灯(功率350W)光源,电流调至9.0A,连续光照6h,取样离心,气相色谱分析。同样的过程,分别对各个催化剂S1、S2、S3、S4、S5进行催化氧化苄胺实验,然后做出效果对比。
由表2的数据可知,在光源为紫外可见光,空气中反应6h后,相比P25的苄胺转化率为13.9%,而本发明制备的催化剂所达到的苄胺转化率为40~50%,其催化性能显著提高,且其(苄胺)选择性均达到了99%以上。结果表明,本发明所制备出来的片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2具有很强的选择性和优异的光催化性能。
表2催化氧化苄胺数据处理
实施例11:光催化降解农药氟虫腈
以氙灯(350W)为光源,以氟虫腈为光降解底物,体积为50mL(浓度为 1×10-4mol/L),用25mg的样品S1对其做降解。鉴于氟虫腈在纯水中溶解度较低,添加乙腈作助溶剂。使用高效液相色谱测定氟虫腈在不同时刻降解后的浓度。打开氙灯(功率350W)光源,电流调至9.0A,连续光照6h,取样离心,液相色谱分析。色谱条件如下:色谱柱为phenomenex C18色谱柱(250nm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈:水=62:38;流速为1.0mL/min;检测波长为250nm;进样量20μL。氟虫腈光降解图见图12。保留时间为13.7min处是氟虫腈,保留时间为1.9min 是降解后的产物。同样的操作对P25降解氟虫腈作为对比,由于P25没有可见光吸收,氟虫腈基本没有降解,而本发明制备出的片状镶嵌立方中空锐钛矿TiO2纳米晶由于立方中空结构具有部分可见光吸收,效果显著提高,从图12可知,在上述条件下,经过6h光降解,氟虫腈降解率达到了65%。
实施例12:活性物质(·OH)检测
检测TiO2在光催化降解污染物时产生的活性物种羟基自由基(·OH),以香豆素为探针分子,TiO2在足够能量的光波照射下,与水反应产生活性物种羟基自由基(·OH),这时香豆素快速与羟基自由基结合,生成具有强荧光性质的物质7- 羟基香豆素。具体过程如下:取50mgS5催化剂与50mL香豆素溶液(浓度为1×10-4 mol·L-1)进行暗处理达到吸附平衡,再用氙灯光源光照,分别在光照0min、2min、 6min、8min、10min的时间取样,用0.22μm孔径滤膜过滤,再离心取上层清液。用荧光光谱仪测量溶液的荧光发射强度,已知香豆素的激发波长为353nm。从图13中可以看出,荧光发射波长是450nm,随着光照时间增加,荧光强度逐渐增强,说明·OH在不断增多。其原因是不断生成的·OH与香豆素反应生成7-羟基香豆素,反应生成的量逐渐增多,荧光强度逐渐增强。同样的操作对P25做相应的检测,结果表明本发明所制备的片状镶嵌立方中空锐钛矿TiO2纳米晶半个小时内生成的·OH量是P25的3.6倍以上。
Claims (8)
1.一种自模板利用脱水微波原位制备片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶的方法,其步骤如下:
(1)将二氟氧钛与能发生脱水反应的溶剂混合,超声分散均匀,然后将混合物转移到带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中;将反应釜密封后,置于微波反应器中加热,在600~800W功率和200~240℃温度下反应6~12小时;
所述二氟氧钛和溶剂的固液比例为(0.5-1)g:40mL;
所述溶剂为单一溶剂或混合溶剂;
当所述溶剂为单一溶剂时,所述单一溶剂为多元醇;
当所述溶剂为混合溶剂时,所述混合溶剂为两种以上多元醇混合溶剂、多元醇和羧酸混合溶剂、多元醇和酸酐混合溶剂或者多元醇和羟基酸混合溶剂;
(2)待反应釜冷却到室温后,分离出沉淀,将所得沉淀先用乙醇洗,再用蒸馏水反复洗涤直到洗出液的pH=8,将滤饼在真空干燥箱中50~60℃干燥,干燥后即得片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶光催化剂;
所述多元醇为乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇或丙三醇;
所述羧酸为乙酸、丙酸、正丁酸、油酸或乙二酸;
所述酸酐为乙酸酐、马来酸酐或邻苯二甲酸酐;
所述羟基酸为羟基乙酸或α-羟基丙酸。
2.根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于:当所述混合溶剂为多元醇和羧酸混合溶剂、多元醇和酸酐混合溶剂或者多元醇和羟基酸混合溶剂时,混合溶剂中多元醇的体积百分比含量为60%以上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述方法,其特征在于:分离出沉淀后的滤液通过萃取、提纯,得到醚、醇醚和/或羧酸酯。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述方法,其特征在于:所述片状镶嵌立方中空TiO2纳米晶中的片状镶嵌在中空壳层中,有垂直镶嵌的,也有倾斜镶嵌的。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述方法,其特征在于:所述多元醇为乙二醇。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述方法,其特征在于:所述羧酸为乙酸。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述方法,其特征在于:所述酸酐为乙酸酐。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述方法,其特征在于:所述羟基酸为羟基乙酸。
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