CN107066489A - A kind of method of Fast Drawing farmland electronic map - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明专利涉及一种快速绘制农田电子地图的方法，属于农田电子地图绘制技术领域。The patent of the invention relates to a method for quickly drawing an electronic map of farmland, which belongs to the technical field of electronic map drawing of farmland.
背景技术Background technique
目前，农业地图是以表示农业生产条件、分布、发展和规划等为主要内容的专题地图。大比例尺的农业地图用于管理农业生产、实施和规划农田基本建设、资源调查和开垦荒地等方面。中小比例尺的农业地图用于科学研究、教学和一般参考。At present, the agricultural map is a thematic map that mainly shows agricultural production conditions, distribution, development and planning. Large-scale agricultural maps are used to manage agricultural production, implement and plan farmland infrastructure, resource surveys, and reclamation of wasteland. Agricultural maps at small and medium scales are used for scientific research, teaching, and general reference.
20世纪90年代以来，随着3S空间信息技术、农业应用电子技术、作物栽培有关模型以及ES、SS、DSS、ICS、人工智能技术的发展，精细农业已成为21世纪最富有吸引力的前沿性研究领域之一，尤其成为世界发达国家高新技术集成应用于农业可持续发展研究的热门领域。农田电子地图是精细农业应用研究的重要组成部分,土壤、作物养分含量存在空间变异性，分析其养分含量的空间变异性，根据土壤、作物养分含量，确定作物管理，都是建立在所研究区域的农田电子地图基础上的，但农田电子地图的绘制较为繁琐，导致绘制成本高、耗时长，所以现有的农田电子地图的绘制方法还是不够完善。Since the 1990s, with the development of 3S spatial information technology, agricultural application electronic technology, crop cultivation related models, ES, SS, DSS, ICS, and artificial intelligence technology, precision agriculture has become the most attractive frontier in the 21st century. It is one of the research fields, and it has become a popular field in the research of high-tech integration applied to agricultural sustainable development in developed countries in the world. Farmland electronic map is an important part of precision agricultural application research. There is spatial variability in soil and crop nutrient content. Analyzing the spatial variability of its nutrient content and determining crop management according to the soil and crop nutrient content are all based on the research area. Based on the farmland electronic map, but the drawing of the farmland electronic map is relatively cumbersome, resulting in high drawing cost and time-consuming, so the existing drawing method of the farmland electronic map is still not perfect.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是：提供一种成本低、周期短、精度高，使用该方法能够快速绘制出精度较高的农田电子地图，同时提高基于GIS的农业应用研究的研究效率的一种快速绘制农田电子地图的方法，以克服现有技术的不足。The purpose of the present invention is to: provide a kind of low cost, short period, high precision, use this method to quickly draw out the farmland electronic map with higher precision, improve the research efficiency of the agricultural application research based on GIS at the same time a kind of fast drawing farmland The electronic map method overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art.
本发明是这样实现的：一种快速绘制农田电子地图的方法，该方法按下列步骤进行：The present invention is achieved like this: a kind of method for rapidly drawing farmland electronic map, this method is carried out according to the following steps:
1)农田高清卫星地图获取：运行高清卫星地图下载器，选择所 需农田种植区，下载清晰度19级的高清卫星地图；1) Acquisition of farmland high-definition satellite map: run the high-definition satellite map downloader, select the desired farmland planting area, and download the high-definition satellite map with a resolution of 19;
2)农田区域边界点地理信息获取：使用精度小于6m的GPS仪，在所需农田区域的边界，每隔3～6m进行一次定点操作，获取该点的经纬度信息；2) Acquisition of geographical information on the border points of farmland areas: use a GPS device with an accuracy of less than 6m to perform a fixed-point operation every 3 to 6m on the border of the required farmland area to obtain the latitude and longitude information of the point;
3)地理坐标系的修改：将上述步骤中所得的农田高清卫星地图和农田区域边界点地理信息导入Arcmap软件中，并将地理坐标系修改为一致的坐标系；3) Modification of the geographic coordinate system: import the high-definition satellite map of farmland obtained in the above steps and the geographical information of the boundary points of the farmland area into the Arcmap software, and modify the geographic coordinate system to a consistent coordinate system;
4)农田高清卫星地图位置矫正：将所得的农田高清卫星地图、农田区域边界点在Arcmap软件中的显示误差，并进行调整，直至平均误差保持在10～15m范围内；4) Position correction of high-definition satellite map of farmland: adjust the obtained high-definition satellite map of farmland and the display error of boundary points of farmland area in Arcmap software until the average error is kept within the range of 10-15m;
5)农田电子地图绘制：在Arcmap软件中，将农田高清卫星地图放大，使用“面绘制”工具，沿着每一块农田的边界取点，绘制出每块农田的电子地图及作物种植区域电子地图。5) Farmland electronic map drawing: In the Arcmap software, enlarge the high-definition satellite map of the farmland, use the "surface drawing" tool, take points along the border of each farmland, and draw the electronic map of each farmland and the electronic map of the crop planting area .
所述高清卫星地图获取步骤中，为降低下载所需时间，所选区域为只含有农田种植区的最小区域。In the high-definition satellite map acquisition step, in order to reduce the time required for downloading, the selected area is the smallest area that only contains farmland planting areas.
所述农田区域边界点地理信息获取步骤中，测定时选择天气连续晴朗的时间进行，GPS仪保持在与地面成45度角的位置。In the step of obtaining geographical information of the boundary point of the farmland area, the time when the weather is continuously sunny is selected for measurement, and the GPS instrument is kept at a position at an angle of 45 degrees to the ground.
所述地理坐标系的修改步骤中，地理坐标系根据自己研究需要进行选择，使用WGS84地理坐标系。In the step of modifying the geographic coordinate system, the geographic coordinate system is selected according to the needs of one's own research, and the WGS84 geographic coordinate system is used.
由于采用了上述技术方案，与现有技术相比，本发明依据高清卫星地图具有经纬度信息，采用清晰度较高的高清卫星地图作为参考，使用GPS仪测定的农田区域边界点经纬度信息矫正高清卫星地图地理坐标，绘制出农田电子地图。。Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the present invention has latitude and longitude information based on high-definition satellite maps, uses high-definition satellite maps as a reference, and uses the longitude-latitude information of farmland area boundary points measured by GPS instruments to correct high-definition satellites. The geographic coordinates of the map are used to draw an electronic map of farmland. .
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明，但不作为对本发明的限制。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the examples, but not as a limitation to the present invention.
本发明的实施例：Embodiments of the invention:
本发明高清卫星地图下载器是用于下载高清卫星地图的一种软件，打开软件，选中所需区域，可根据自己需求下载清晰度为不同级别的卫星地图，目前国内清晰度最高的卫星地图为19级，一般都使用19级的高清卫星地图。例如：谷歌卫星地图下载器、水经注万能地图下载器等。The high-definition satellite map downloader of the present invention is a kind of software for downloading high-definition satellite maps. Open the software, select the desired area, and download satellite maps with different levels of resolution according to your own needs. At present, the satellite map with the highest resolution in China is Level 19, generally use level 19 high-definition satellite maps. For example: Google Satellite Map Downloader, Shuijingzhu Universal Map Downloader, etc.
Arcmap软件是ArcGIS Desktop三个用户桌面组件之一。ArcGIS是美国环境系统研究所于1978年开发的GIS系统。ArcMap是一个可用于数据输入、编辑、查询、分析等等功能的应用程序，具有基于地图的所有功能，实现如地图制图、地图编辑、地图分析等功能。ArcMap包含一个复杂的专业制图和编辑系统，它既是一个面向对象的编辑器，又是一个数据表生成器。Arcmap software is one of the three user desktop components of ArcGIS Desktop. ArcGIS is a GIS system developed by the Environmental Systems Research Institute of the United States in 1978. ArcMap is an application program that can be used for data input, editing, query, analysis, etc. It has all the functions based on the map, and realizes functions such as map drawing, map editing, and map analysis. ArcMap includes a sophisticated professional mapping and editing system that is both an object-oriented editor and a data table generator.
实施例1：一种快速绘制农田电子地图的方法，该方法按下列步骤进行：Embodiment 1: a kind of method for rapidly drawing farmland electronic map, this method is carried out according to the following steps:
1)农田高清卫星地图获取：运行高清卫星地图下载器，选择所需农田种植区，下载清晰度19级的高清卫星地图；1) Acquisition of high-definition satellite map of farmland: run the high-definition satellite map downloader, select the desired farmland planting area, and download the high-definition satellite map with a resolution of 19;
2)农田区域边界点地理信息获取：使用精度小于6m的GPS仪，在所需农田区域的边界，每隔3m进行一次定点操作，获取该点的经纬度信息；2) Acquisition of geographical information on the border points of the farmland area: use a GPS device with an accuracy of less than 6m to perform a fixed-point operation every 3m on the border of the desired farmland area to obtain the latitude and longitude information of the point;
3)地理坐标系的修改：将上述步骤中所得的农田高清卫星地图和农田区域边界点地理信息导入Arcmap软件中，并将地理坐标系修改为一致的坐标系，地理坐标系有很多，选择不同的地理坐标系，地图的相对位置也会不同。在arcmap中处理数据、作图都需要使用同一种坐标系，通常情况下，我们常将地理坐标系设置成WGS84。3) Modification of the geographic coordinate system: Import the high-definition satellite map of farmland and the geographical information of the boundary points of the farmland area obtained in the above steps into the Arcmap software, and modify the geographic coordinate system into a consistent coordinate system. There are many geographic coordinate systems, and the choices are different. The geographic coordinate system of , the relative position of the map will also be different. Data processing and drawing in arcmap need to use the same coordinate system. Usually, we often set the geographic coordinate system to WGS84.
4)农田高清卫星地图位置矫正：将所得的农田高清卫星地图、农田区域边界点在Arcmap软件中的显示误差，并进行调整，直至平均误差保持在10m范围内；4) Correction of farmland high-definition satellite map position: adjust the display error of the obtained farmland high-definition satellite map and farmland area boundary points in the Arcmap software until the average error remains within 10m;
5)农田电子地图绘制：在Arcmap软件中，将农田高清卫星地图 放大，使用“面绘制”工具，沿着每一块农田的边界取点，绘制出每块农田的电子地图及作物种植区域电子地图。5) Farmland electronic map drawing: In the Arcmap software, enlarge the high-definition satellite map of the farmland, use the "surface drawing" tool, take points along the border of each farmland, and draw the electronic map of each farmland and the electronic map of the crop planting area .
实施例2：一种快速绘制农田电子地图的方法，该方法按下列步骤进行：Embodiment 2: a kind of method of rapidly drawing farmland electronic map, this method is carried out according to the following steps:
1)农田高清卫星地图获取：运行高清卫星地图下载器，选择所需农田种植区，下载清晰度19级的高清卫星地图；1) Acquisition of high-definition satellite map of farmland: run the high-definition satellite map downloader, select the desired farmland planting area, and download the high-definition satellite map with a resolution of 19;
2)农田区域边界点地理信息获取：使用精度小于6m的GPS仪，在所需农田区域的边界，每隔6m进行一次定点操作，获取该点的经纬度信息；2) Acquisition of geographical information on the border points of farmland areas: use a GPS instrument with an accuracy of less than 6m to perform a fixed-point operation every 6m on the border of the desired farmland area to obtain the latitude and longitude information of the point;
3)地理坐标系的修改：将上述步骤中所得的农田高清卫星地图和农田区域边界点地理信息导入Arcmap软件中，并将地理坐标系修改为一致的坐标系；3) Modification of the geographic coordinate system: import the high-definition satellite map of farmland obtained in the above steps and the geographical information of the boundary points of the farmland area into the Arcmap software, and modify the geographic coordinate system to a consistent coordinate system;
4)农田高清卫星地图位置矫正：将所得的农田高清卫星地图、农田区域边界点在Arcmap软件中的显示误差，并进行调整，直至平均误差保持在15m范围内；4) Position correction of high-definition satellite map of farmland: adjust the obtained high-definition satellite map of farmland and the display error of boundary points of farmland area in Arcmap software until the average error remains within 15m;
5)农田电子地图绘制：在Arcmap软件中，将农田高清卫星地图放大，使用“面绘制”工具，沿着每一块农田的边界取点，绘制出每块农田的电子地图及作物种植区域电子地图。5) Farmland electronic map drawing: In the Arcmap software, enlarge the high-definition satellite map of the farmland, use the "surface drawing" tool, take points along the border of each farmland, and draw the electronic map of each farmland and the electronic map of the crop planting area .
实施例3：一种快速绘制农田电子地图的方法，该方法按下列步骤进行：Embodiment 3: a kind of method for rapidly drawing farmland electronic map, this method is carried out according to the following steps:
1)农田高清卫星地图获取：运行高清卫星地图下载器，选择所需农田种植区，下载清晰度19级的高清卫星地图；1) Acquisition of high-definition satellite map of farmland: run the high-definition satellite map downloader, select the desired farmland planting area, and download the high-definition satellite map with a resolution of 19;
2)农田区域边界点地理信息获取：使用精度小于6m的GPS仪，在所需农田区域的边界，每隔5m进行一次定点操作，获取该点的经纬度信息；2) Acquisition of geographical information on the border points of farmland areas: use a GPS device with an accuracy of less than 6m to perform a fixed-point operation every 5m on the border of the desired farmland area to obtain the latitude and longitude information of the point;
3)地理坐标系的修改：将上述步骤中所得的农田高清卫星地图和农田区域边界点地理信息导入Arcmap软件中，并将地理坐标系修改为一致的坐标系；3) Modification of the geographic coordinate system: import the high-definition satellite map of farmland obtained in the above steps and the geographical information of the boundary points of the farmland area into the Arcmap software, and modify the geographic coordinate system to a consistent coordinate system;
4)农田高清卫星地图位置矫正：将所得的农田高清卫星地图、 农田区域边界点在Arcmap软件中的显示误差，并进行调整，直至平均误差保持在12m范围内；4) Correction of farmland high-definition satellite map position: adjust the display error of the obtained farmland high-definition satellite map and farmland area boundary points in the Arcmap software until the average error remains within 12m;
5)农田电子地图绘制：在Arcmap软件中，将农田高清卫星地图放大，使用“面绘制”工具，沿着每一块农田的边界取点，绘制出每块农田的电子地图及作物种植区域电子地图。5) Farmland electronic map drawing: In the Arcmap software, enlarge the high-definition satellite map of the farmland, use the "surface drawing" tool, take points along the border of each farmland, and draw the electronic map of each farmland and the electronic map of the crop planting area .
本发明是依据高清卫星地图具有经纬度信息，采用清晰度较高的高清卫星地图作为参考，使用GPS仪测定的农田区域边界点经纬度信息矫正高清卫星地图地理坐标，绘制出农田电子地图。本发明的优点在于成本低、周期短、精度高，使用该方法能够快速绘制出精度较高的农田电子地图，同时提高基于GIS的农业应用研究的研究效率。According to the longitude and latitude information of the high-definition satellite map, the high-definition satellite map is used as a reference, and the longitude and latitude information of the boundary points of the farmland area measured by the GPS is used to correct the geographical coordinates of the high-definition satellite map and draw the farmland electronic map. The invention has the advantages of low cost, short period and high precision, and the method can quickly draw a farmland electronic map with high precision, and at the same time improve the research efficiency of agricultural application research based on GIS.
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| US20210255638A1 (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2021-08-19 | Positec Power Tools (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. | Area Division and Path Forming Method and Apparatus for Self-Moving Device and Automatic Working System |
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| CN112040421B (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2022-08-09 | 安徽阡陌网络科技有限公司 | Data fusion method based on agricultural map acquisition and presentation |
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| CN114371491B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-03-24 | 河南省鑫源土地科技有限责任公司 | System and method for realizing geographic information acquisition based on GPS function |
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