CN107059007A - A kind of cast iron enamel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of cast iron enamel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107059007A CN107059007A CN201710196863.4A CN201710196863A CN107059007A CN 107059007 A CN107059007 A CN 107059007A CN 201710196863 A CN201710196863 A CN 201710196863A CN 107059007 A CN107059007 A CN 107059007A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
- C23D11/00—Continuous processes; Apparatus therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of cast iron enamel, including：Casting is carried out to ground-coat enamel coating, ground-coat enamel sintering, cover-coat enamel coating and cover-coat enamel sintering successively, cast iron enamel is obtained；The composition of the casting is：2.9~3.2wt% C；2.8~3.0wt% Si；0.4~0.8wt% Mn；0.4~0.8wt% P；＜ 0.1wt% S；Surplus is Fe.The present invention uses low-carbon casting that carbon during preparing enamel can be avoided to produce a large amount of gases with glaze progress reaction, and gas fails the defects such as pinprick, bubble that spilling is caused in enamel interface；High silicon, high phosphorus can make molten iron have good flowing mold-filling capacity simultaneously, so as to obtain the good casting of presentation quality.Therefore, the present invention avoids the generation of pinprick defect in enamel preparation process by optimizing the composition of casting, has prepared the preferable cast iron enamel of mechanical property, this cast iron enamel is not likely to produce crackle, and quality is preferable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to enamel technical field, more particularly to a kind of cast iron enamel and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Enamel, also known as enamel, are to coagulate unorganic glass material by melting firmly to tie on parent metal and with metal
A kind of composite being combined.Enamel is unorganic glass enamel of the blackening on metal bottom base surface, is entered in metal surface
The application of slip of row enamel can prevent metal rusting, metal is unlikely to when heated to form oxide layer on surface and can be resisted various
The erosion of liquid.Enamelware safety non-toxic, it is easy to which washing is clean, can be widely used as the diet device used in daily life
Tool and washing implement, under given conditions, the enamel application of slip shown on metal body hardness height, high temperature resistant, it is wear-resisting and
The premium properties such as insulating effect, make enamelware have more extensive purposes.Enamel layer can also impart to product with beauty
Appearance, decorates the life of people.Enamelware has had both the intensity and enamel magnificent appearance and resistance to chemical attack of metal
Performance.
Enamelware in general sense, is broadly divided into following classification：Vessel class enamel, mainly including dishware,
Cup class, disk class, bucket class, bowl class, tank class, pot class, spittoon class and other vessel classes, such as medical needle basin, vase, sugar bowl, tea set box
Ashtray etc..Kitchen utensils class, mainly include kitchen cabinet and kitchen utilities, smoke exhaust ventilator, enamelled gas range, baking oven stove, disinfection cabinet,
Enamel beer can and storage tank etc..Sanitary ware class, mainly includes the casting such as enamelling sheet steel bathtub, cast iron enamel bathtub, shower tray
Iron-enamel.Medical class, mainly includes electromagnetic radiation therapeutic equipment, gear division enamel etc..Building decoration class, mainly including wall board,
Art wall warmer, cast iron enamel hand dryer, cast iron enamel flaw, common enamel label, luminescent enamel label, enamel teaching
Blank etc..Electrical type, mainly includes electronics porcelain enamel substrate, electric heating film enamel etc..
The technological process that prior art prepares enamel is generally, and is first applied on the metal base of advance punching press or casting
Ground-coat enamel, applies cover-coat enamel (once or for several times) again after burning till.Ground-coat enamel is the transition zone being be combined with each other with metal base, with stronger close
The property, cover-coat enamel is coated on ground-coat enamel, is risen and is covered background color and assign product with the surface of smooth and beautiful appearance and a series of excellent physics
Chemical property.The enterprise of current domestic production tableware is no less than several hundred, and many tableware products for supplying European ＆ American Market are all castings
Pinprick defect easily occurs during cast iron enamel is prepared for Iron-enamel, prior art, causes a large amount of waste products to occur, is caused to enterprise
Huge cost is wasted.
The content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of cast iron enamel and preparation method thereof, the side that the present invention is provided
The cast iron enamel pinprick ratio of defects that method is prepared is low.
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of cast iron enamel, including：
Casting is carried out to ground-coat enamel coating, ground-coat enamel sintering, cover-coat enamel coating and cover-coat enamel sintering successively, cast iron enamel is obtained；It is described
The composition of casting is：
2.9~3.2wt% C；
2.8~3.0wt% Si；
0.4~0.8wt% Mn；
0.4~0.8wt% P；
＜ 0.1wt% S；
Surplus is Fe.
It is preferred that, the preparation method of the casting is：
By the mixing of C sources, Si sources, Mn sources, P sources and Fe sources, melting, molten iron is obtained；
By molten iron casting into casting mold, casting is obtained.
It is preferred that, the temperature of the melting is 1500~1550 DEG C.
It is preferred that, the temperature of the cast is 1350~1450 DEG C.
It is preferred that, the mould is sand mold mould.
It is preferred that, the thickness of the ground-coat enamel coating is 150~250 μm.
It is preferred that, the temperature of the ground-coat enamel sintering is 770~800 DEG C.
It is preferred that, the thickness of the cover-coat enamel coating is 300~600 μm.
It is preferred that, the temperature of the cover-coat enamel sintering is 720~780 DEG C.
The invention provides the cast iron enamel that a kind of method described in above-mentioned technical proposal is prepared.
Compared with prior art, the composition of medium casting of the present invention has the characteristics of carbon is low, silicon is high, phosphorus is high, and the present invention is used
Low-carbon casting can avoid carbon during preparing enamel from carrying out a large amount of gases of reaction generation with glaze, and gas fails to overflow in enamel
The defects such as pinprick, bubble that interface is caused；High silicon, high phosphorus can make casting keep eutectic composition simultaneously, and molten iron has good
Mold-filling capacity is flowed, the increase of P elements in addition can also improve the mobility of molten iron, so as to obtain the good casting of presentation quality.
Therefore, the present invention avoids the generation of pinprick defect in enamel preparation process by optimizing the composition of casting, has prepared power
The cast iron enamel of better performances is learned, this cast iron enamel is not likely to produce crackle, and quality is preferable.In addition, the method that the present invention is provided
The cast iron enamel prepared has good thermal shock resistance properties and cold shock performance.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is the accompanying drawing used required in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
The embodiment of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can also basis
The accompanying drawing of offer obtains other accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is cast iron enamel preparation technology flow chart provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure figure for the casting that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is prepared (without the corrosion of nitric acid alcohol)；
Fig. 3 is the metallographic structure figure for the casting that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is prepared (after corroding through pernitric acid alcohol)；
Fig. 4 prepares coupon sand mold for the casting tensile strength that the detection embodiment of the present invention 1 is prepared；
The coupon structural representation for the casting tensile strength that Fig. 5 prepares for the detection embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 6 is the metallographic structure figure for the casting that the embodiment of the present invention 2 is prepared (without the corrosion of nitric acid alcohol)；
Fig. 7 is the metallographic structure figure for the casting that the embodiment of the present invention 2 is prepared (after corroding through pernitric acid alcohol)；
Fig. 8 is the metallographic structure figure for the casting that the embodiment of the present invention 3 is prepared (without the corrosion of nitric acid alcohol)；
Fig. 9 is the metallographic structure figure for the casting that the embodiment of the present invention 3 is prepared (after corroding through pernitric acid alcohol)；
Figure 10 is the metallographic structure figure for the casting that comparative example 1 of the present invention is prepared (without the corrosion of nitric acid alcohol)；
Figure 11 is the metallographic structure figure for the casting that comparative example 1 of the present invention is prepared (after corroding through pernitric acid alcohol).
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation is described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is every other that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
Embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of cast iron enamel, including：
Casting is carried out to ground-coat enamel coating, ground-coat enamel sintering, cover-coat enamel coating and cover-coat enamel sintering successively, cast iron enamel is obtained；It is described
The composition of casting is：
2.9~3.2wt% C；
2.8~3.0wt% Si；
0.4~0.8wt% Mn；
0.4~0.8wt% P；
＜ 0.1wt% S；
Surplus is Fe.
In the present invention, C content is preferably 3.0~3.1wt% in the casting；Si contents are preferably 2.9wt%；Mn contains
Amount is preferably 0.5~0.7wt%, more preferably 0.6wt%；P content is preferably 0.5~0.7wt%, more preferably 0.6wt%；
S contents preferred ＜ 0.1wt%, more preferably ＜ 0.05wt%, surplus is Fe.
The present invention does not have special limitation to the preparation method of the casting, using casting well known to those skilled in the art
Technology of preparing scheme prepares the casting of above-mentioned target component.In the present invention, the preparation method of the casting is preferred
For：
By the mixing of C sources, Si sources, Mn sources, P sources and Fe sources, melting, molten iron is obtained；
By molten iron casting into mould, casting is obtained.
Prior art is in order to obtain that the good wall thickness of presentation quality is relatively thin, the casting that breadth is larger, it is necessary to molten iron have it is good
Good mobility, the general proportion scheme using close to eutectic, the composition characteristic of this casting is carbon is high, silicon is low, phosphorus is low.This hair
It is bright to find that preparing carbon excessive in enamel process medium casting react with Glaze Composition by substantial amounts of research, generate gas
Body overflows；The gas that can not be overflowed in time causes the defects such as pinprick, bubble in enamel interface.The present invention is using low-carbon, high silicon, height
The casting of phosphorus composition, carbon content is relatively low can to avoid the generation of pinprick defect；The raising of silicon and phosphorus content, can make molten iron simultaneously
With good mobility, the good casting of presentation quality is prepared；Moreover, this low-carbon casting is also with good in the present invention
Good tensile strength, the method that the present invention is provided is particularly suitable for use in the preparation of wall is thin, breadth is big template cast iron enamel.
The present invention does not have special limitation to the C sources, Si sources, Mn sources, P sources and the species in Fe sources and source, using this
The C sources used during cast iron, Si sources, Mn sources, P sources and Fe sources are prepared known to art personnel, can be purchased by market
Acquisition is bought, such as using simple substance carbon, elemental silicon, simple substance manganese, elemental phosphorous and fe, in the present invention, the purity of the fe
It is preferred that >=99wt%.In the present invention, the S in casting is being harmful to due to the introducing of inevitable factor in casting preparation process
Impurity, it should be noted that avoid introducing S as far as possible during casting is prepared, make S contents in the casting for preparing as low as possible.
In the present invention, the consumption in the C sources, Si sources, Mn sources, P sources and Fe sources can obtain the casting of above-mentioned target component
Part, can carry out dispensing according to technical scheme well known to those skilled in the art.Method of the present invention to the mixing, melting
There is no special limitation, using melting technique scheme well known to those skilled in the art.In the present invention, the melting
Temperature is preferably 1500~1550 DEG C, more preferably 1510~1540 DEG C, most preferably 1520~1530 DEG C.The present invention is to described
The time of melting does not have special limitation, and the time of melting can make above-mentioned each raw material be mixed to form molten iron.
The present invention is poured into a mould without special limitation described, is using placingJi Shu scheme well known to those skilled in the art
Can, it can such as use gravity-assist pouring.In the present invention, the temperature of the cast is preferably 1350~1450 DEG C, more preferably 1380
~1420 DEG C, most preferably 1400 DEG C.The present invention does not have special limitation to the mould, preferably sand mold mould, more preferably
For tide mould sand.The present invention does not have special limitation to the size and dimension of the mould, and those skilled in the art can be according to reality
Suitable mould, preferably slab type mold are selected the need for production, the wall thickness of the mould is preferably 20~35mm, the area of plane
Preferably 0.2~0.4m2。
In the present invention, the molten iron casting obtains spray after being cooled down into mould, and the present invention will preferably be obtained
Spray carries out ball blast, levels and examine successively, obtains casting.The present invention does not have special limit to the method for the ball blast
System, using the technical scheme of ball blast well known to those skilled in the art, makes spray surface be silvery white in color, surface even roughness
.In the present invention, the method leveled is preferably：Using the dead head fracture of abrasive machine polishing casting, remove flash
Joint flash, makes casting edge become smooth.In the present invention, the method for the inspection is preferably：Artificial picked to casting (has
The casting of casting flaw is sorted out, and lower process is not entered).
In the present invention, the metallographic structure of the cast iron formation of the composition includes pearlite, ferrite, iron phosphide eutectic and as cast condition
Graphite.In the present invention, the cast iron graphite is preferably dimensioned to be 60~120 μm.
The present invention is applied to the ground-coat enamel, ground-coat enamel sintering, cover-coat enamel are applied, the method for cover-coat enamel sintering does not have special limitation,
Using those skilled in the art, well known ground-coat enamel coating, ground-coat enamel sintering, cover-coat enamel coating, cover-coat enamel burn during cast iron enamel is prepared
Tie technical scheme.In the present invention, the method for the ground-coat enamel coating is preferably spraying.In the present invention, the ground-coat enamel spray
The thickness of painting is preferably 150~250 μm, more preferably 180~220 μm, most preferably 200 μm.The present invention is to the ground-coat enamel
Composition does not have special limitation, and those skilled in the art can select suitable composition according to actual needs.In the present invention, it is described
The composition of ground-coat enamel can be：
The present invention does not have special limitation to the preparation method of the ground-coat enamel, using ground-coat enamel well known to those skilled in the art
Technology of preparing scheme is prepared.In the present invention, the preparation method of the ground-coat enamel can be：
By B2O3、SiO2、Al2O3、K2O、Na2O and CaO is mixed in deionized water according to the dosage ratio of above-mentioned technical proposal
It is ground afterwards using ball mill, obtains ground-coat enamel glaze slip.
The method that the present invention is sintered to the ground-coat enamel does not have special limitation, using ground-coat enamel well known to those skilled in the art
Sintering technology scheme.In the present invention, the temperature of the ground-coat enamel sintering is preferably 770~800 DEG C.In the present invention, institute
The time for stating ground-coat enamel sintering is preferably 7~15 minutes.
In the present invention, described, the method for cover-coat enamel coating is preferably spraying.In the present invention, the thickness of the cover-coat enamel spraying
Degree is preferably 300~600 μm, most preferably more preferably 350~550 μm, 400~500 μm.The present invention to the cover-coat enamel into
Divide without special limitation, those skilled in the art can select suitable composition according to actual needs.In the present invention, the face
The composition of glaze can be：
The present invention does not have special limitation to the preparation method of the cover-coat enamel, using cover-coat enamel well known to those skilled in the art
Technology of preparing scheme is prepared.In the present invention, the preparation method of the cover-coat enamel can be：
By B2O3、SiO2、Al2O3、K2O、Na2O、CaO、TiO2, ZnO and MgO be according to the dosage ratio described in above-mentioned technical proposal
It is ground after mixing in deionized water using ball mill, forms cover-coat enamel glaze slip.
The method that the present invention is sintered to the cover-coat enamel does not have special limitation, using cover-coat enamel well known to those skilled in the art
Sintering technology scheme.In the present invention, the temperature of the cover-coat enamel sintering is preferably 720~780 DEG C.In the present invention, institute
The time for stating cover-coat enamel sintering is preferably 7~15 minutes.
In the present invention, after the completion of the cover-coat enamel sintering, the cover-coat enamel after preferred pair sintering of the present invention carries out quality inspection, right
Carry out after quadric surface glaze sintering, sintering after the assay was approved, obtaining cast iron enamel in quality defective products.In the present invention, the matter
Measuring the method examined is：
Product after the glaze sintering of opposite carries out appearance test using visual means, rejects presentation quality substandard product；Press
According to GB11420-89《Enamel measurement of luster method》Product after detection sintering；According to GB 11419-89《Enamel heatproof acute degeneration
Method of testing》Product after detection sintering；According to GB 9989-88《The enamel citric acid of resistance to room temperature erosion test method》Detection is burnt
Product after knot.
Fig. 1 is cast iron enamel preparation technology flow chart provided in an embodiment of the present invention, is specially：By C sources, Si sources, Mn sources,
P sources and Fe sources carry out dispensing according to target component, then in 1500~1550 DEG C of mixing, meltings, obtain molten iron；Molten iron is existed
1350~1450 DEG C are poured into sand mold, and the present invention does not have special limitation to the preparation method of the sand mold, using this area
Technical scheme prepared by sand mold known to technical staff, is prepared using mold tooling moulding operation；Iron in sand mold
After water cooling, spray is obtained；Spray is carried out to ball blast successively, levels and examines, obtains treating enamel casting；It will wait to ward off
Porcelain casting sinters ground-coat enamel after carrying out ground-coat enamel spraying, then carries out a cover-coat enamel sintering after a cover-coat enamel spraying；To the face after sintering
Glaze is tested, and is tested again after defective products is carried out into quadric surface glaze sintering, and qualified cast iron enamel finished product is put in storage.
Used in following examples of the present invention to raw material be commercial goods.
Embodiment 1
It is prepared by casting：
Carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus and pure iron (purity >=99wt%) are subjected to dispensing according to target component, 1 ton of electricity is then blended in
Melting in stove, and it is warming up to 1500 DEG C；Smelting time about at 60 minutes, obtains molten iron.
Obtained molten iron is poured into sand mold at 1380~1400 DEG C, the shape and size of sand mold are：610×510
×200mm。
After molten iron cooling in sand mold, spray is obtained；
Spray is subjected to ball blast, concrete operations are：By in spray horizontal positioned to bracket, thrown using by formula
Ball machine ball blast, the dead head fracture for casting of being polished using abrasive machine, is removed flash joint flash, casting edge is become smooth.Will casting
Part surface is leveled totally, and cast(ing) surface is silvery white in color gloss.
Spray after leveling carries out desk checking, rejects defective casting off quality, obtains qualified casting
Part.
The casting prepared to the embodiment of the present invention 1 carries out composition detection using chemical analysis, and testing result is, this
The casting composition that inventive embodiments 1 are prepared is：3.18wt% C；2.92% Si；0.54% Mn；0.44% P；
0.03wt% S；Surplus is Fe.
The casting prepared to the embodiment of the present invention 1 carries out metallographic structure observation, and specific method is：
Appropriate sample block is produced from experiment casting, sample block is ground using silicon carbide paper (100#, 40#), finally using throwing
Ray machine, is polished to sample block.After polished sample block, using metallography microscope sem observation graphite form, then using 4% nitric acid alcohol
Solution corrosion handles sample block, and the matrix of metallography microscope sem observation sample block is used after corrosion.
The casting metallograph (100 times) that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is obtained such as Fig. 2 (without the corrosion of nitric acid alcohol) and Fig. 3 (warps
After the corrosion of pernitric acid alcohol) shown in, from Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, contain in the casting metallographic structure that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is prepared
There are pearlite, ferrite, iron phosphide eutectic and as cast condition graphite, the size of as cast condition graphite is 65~127 μm.
The tensile strength for the casting that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is prepared, test are tested using metal universal tensile testing machine
Using single casting test block, tensile test bar as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, Fig. 4 is the casting tension that the test embodiment of the present invention 1 is obtained to sample block
Intensity prepares coupon sand mold, the casting tensile strength coupon structural representation that Fig. 5 obtains for the test embodiment of the present invention 1.Survey
Test result is：The tensile strength for the casting that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is obtained is 172MPa.
The preparation of cast iron enamel：
Ground-coat enamel is sintered after above-mentioned casting is carried out into ground-coat enamel spraying, the composition of ground-coat enamel is：
B2O39wt%；SiO277wt%；Al2O34wt%；K2O 3.5wt%；Na2O 4wt%；CaO 2.5wt%.
The thickness of ground-coat enamel spraying is 180~220 μm；The temperature for sintering ground-coat enamel is 780 DEG C, and the time is 11 minutes.
Ground-coat enamel sinters cover-coat enamel after carrying out cover-coat enamel spraying after terminating, and the composition of cover-coat enamel is：
B2O312wt%；SiO246wt%；Al2O32.5wt%；K2O 2.5wt%；Na2O 15wt%；CaO
1.5wt%；TiO217wt%；ZnO 2.0wt%；MgO 1.5wt%.
The thickness of cover-coat enamel spraying is 450 μm；The temperature for sintering cover-coat enamel is 740, and the time is 10 minutes, obtains cast iron enamel.
The sintering cast iron enamel part that glaze is prepared below is tested, concrete operations are：
First, enamel part glossiness is tested：
When the 1st, needing test product surface gloss, with DR60A models, (instrument is encoded：DR5454, producer：New east station of Guangzhou scholar
Electronic Science and Technology Co., Ltd.) vancometer tested；
2nd, turn on the power switch, check whether electricity is sufficient；
3rd, switch：ON/OFF, presses opening display screen display data and charge condition, otherwise not enough power supply or does not open；
4th, power supply：2, standard configuration 8# batteries, power supply deficiency is changed immediately, and more than 15 days without using unloading battery；
5th, the on-gauge plate correction (wiping standard film with non-dust cloth) of preceding configuration is tested, on-gauge plate glossiness 98 is described above
Normally；
6th, testing lens, handle with care, and perpendicular alignmnet, being adjacent to test object test surfaces, (test surfaces will clean clean, dry
Refreshing, test surfaces temperature is no more than 35 DEG C), display value stabilization is waited, test gloss value is re-recorded, is worth higher expression glossiness more
Height, trend light is higher, conversely, glossiness is lower, tends to matt, dumb light.
2nd, enamel part cold shock adherence is tested：
1st, it is 200g, diameter 36mm steel ball one, 1.5 meters of one, framves of hammering of height to prepare weight；
2nd, exemplar is placed on hammering frame specified location；
3rd, steel ball is made to fall along test height Vertical Free；
4th, impact results are relevant with the weight of steel ball and height of the fall ball selection, should be selected during experiment it is consistent with customer requirement or
Higher than the scheme of customer requirement；
5th, the judgement of result：If porcelain facing section comes off into ladder (twill) shape, no bulk enamel, show adherence strength
Height, is tested by adherence, if porcelain facing tomography is neat, is had bulk enamel to come off and surface leakage iron, is then shown that adherence strength is low,
Do not tested by adherence.
3rd, enamel part thermal shock adherence is tested：
1st, uniform heating exemplar is to 400 DEG C, and is incubated 30 minutes；
2nd, exemplar is pitched out, be thrown to immediately in water container, water temperature keeps room temperature, and water container can be accommodated completely to be needed
The casting of dispensing；
3rd, casting is pulled out after after casting cooling, observation cast(ing) surface takes off porcelain situation；
4th, such as cast(ing) surface does not take off porcelain phenomenon, then repeats the above steps, after three times, and cast(ing) surface does not take off porcelain and showed
As then being tested by thermal shock adherence, if once occurring de- porcelain phenomenon in three times, illustrating tested casting not by this heat
Shake test.
4th, enamel part visual examination
Enamel part surface pinprick defect is detected using visual method.
It is any in the cast iron enamel batch produced from embodiment 1 to choose 5, carry out enamel according to above-mentioned inspection testing method
Verification test, (glaze spraying thickness is preset thickness, due to being artificial to carry out glaze spraying, it is difficult to ensure the thickness of glaze spraying with
Preset thickness is completely the same, and actual glaze thickness carries glaze in a range of fluctuation, all embodiments of the invention and comparative example
Expect that coating thickness difference is smaller, to exclude influence of the glaze spraying thickness to pinprick defect), testing result is：
| Ground-coat enamel is sprayed | White-based glaze | White-based glaze | White-based glaze | White-based glaze | White-based glaze |
| Ground-coat enamel thickness | 180~220 | 180~220 | 180~220 | 180~220 | 180~220 |
| Cover-coat enamel thickness | 300~350 | 320~400 | 350~420 | 350~400 | 330~420 |
| Surface quality | There are 3 apertures | It is pin-free | It is pin-free | It is pin-free | It is pin-free |
| Cold punching adherence | Pass through | Pass through | Pass through | Pass through | Pass through |
| Thermal shock adherence | Pass through | Pass through | Pass through | Pass through | Pass through |
The pinprick ratio of defects that the casting that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is provided prepares cast iron enamel is 20%.
Embodiment 2
It is prepared by casting：
Carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus and pure iron (purity >=99wt%) are subjected to dispensing according to target component, 1 ton of electricity is then blended in
Melting in stove, and it is warming up to 1520 DEG C；Smelting time about at 60 minutes, obtains molten iron；
Obtained molten iron is poured into sand mold at 1370~1400 DEG C, the shape and size of sand mold are：610×510
×200mm。
After molten iron cooling in sand mold, spray is obtained；Ball blast is carried out to spray using the method for embodiment 1, it is clear
Whole and inspection, obtains castings.
The casting prepared to the embodiment of the present invention 2 carries out composition detection using chemical analysis, and testing result is, this
The casting composition that inventive embodiments 2 are prepared is：3.22wt% C；2.69wt% Si；0.57wt% Mn；
0.46wt% P；0.05wt% S；Surplus is Fe.
The casting that method according to embodiment 1 is prepared to the embodiment of the present invention 2 carries out metallographic structure observation (100
Times), observation result is as shown in Fig. 6 (not carrying out the corrosion of nitric acid alcohol) and Fig. 7 (after corroding through pernitric acid alcohol), from Fig. 6 and Fig. 7
Understand, pearlite, ferrite, iron phosphide eutectic and as cast condition graphite, as cast condition are contained in casting metallographic structure prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 2
The size of graphite is 44~100 μm.
The tensile strength for the casting that the embodiment of the present invention 2 is prepared, coupon are tested using metal universal tensile testing machine
Specification be the same as Example 1；Test result is：Tensile strength is 185MPa.
The preparation of cast iron enamel：
Ground-coat enamel is sintered after above-mentioned casting is carried out into ground-coat enamel spraying, the composition of ground-coat enamel is：
B2O39wt%；SiO277wt%；Al2O34wt%；K2O 3.5wt%；Na2O 4wt%；CaO 2.5wt%.
The thickness of ground-coat enamel spraying is 180~250 μm；The temperature for sintering ground-coat enamel is 770 DEG C, and the time is 11 minutes.
Ground-coat enamel sinters cover-coat enamel after carrying out cover-coat enamel spraying after terminating, and the composition of cover-coat enamel is：
B2O312wt%；SiO246wt%；Al2O32.5wt%；K2O 2.5wt%；Na2O 15wt%；CaO
1.5wt%；TiO217wt%；ZnO 2.0wt%；MgO 1.5wt%.
The thickness of cover-coat enamel spraying is 450 μm；The temperature for sintering cover-coat enamel is 740, and the time is 10 minutes, obtains casting enamel.
It is any in the cast iron enamel batch produced from embodiment 2 to choose 5, carry out enamel inspection according to the method for embodiment 1
Survey, testing result is：
| Ground-coat enamel is sprayed | White-based glaze | White-based glaze | White-based glaze | White-based glaze | White-based glaze |
| Ground-coat enamel thickness | 170~220 | 170~230 | 180~220 | 150~220 | 180~200 |
| Cover-coat enamel thickness | 350~420 | 380~400 | 450~500 | 350~450 | 360~440 |
| Surface holes are steeped | It is pin-free | It is pin-free | It is pin-free | 2 pin holes | It is pin-free |
| Cold punching adherence | Pass through | Pass through | Pass through | Pass through | Pass through |
| Thermal shock adherence | Pass through | Pass through | Pass through | Pass through | Pass through |
The pinprick ratio of defects that the casting that the embodiment of the present invention 2 is provided prepares cast iron enamel is 20%.
Embodiment 3
It is prepared by casting：
Carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus and pure iron (purity >=99wt%) are subjected to dispensing according to target component, 1 ton of electricity is then blended in
Melting in stove, and it is warming up to 1515 DEG C；Smelting time about at 60 minutes, obtains molten iron；
Obtained molten iron is poured into sand mold at 1380~1420 DEG C, the shape and size of sand mold are：610×510
×200mm；
After molten iron cooling in sand mold, spray is obtained；Ball blast is carried out to spray using the method for embodiment 1, it is clear
Whole and inspection, obtains castings.
The casting prepared to the embodiment of the present invention 3 carries out composition detection using chemical analysis, and testing result is, this
The casting composition that inventive embodiments 3 are prepared is：3.15wt% C；2.84wt% Si；0.57wt% Mn；
0.61wt% P；0.08wt% S；Surplus is Fe.
The casting that method according to embodiment 1 is prepared to the embodiment of the present invention 3 carries out metallographic structure observation (100
Times), testing result is as shown in Fig. 8 (without the corrosion of pernitric acid alcohol) and Fig. 9 (after corroding through pernitric acid alcohol), by Fig. 8 and Fig. 9
Understand, pearlite, ferrite, iron phosphide eutectic and as cast condition stone are contained in the metallographic structure for the casting that the embodiment of the present invention 3 is prepared
Ink, the size of as cast condition graphite is 32~156 μm.
The tensile strength for the casting that the embodiment of the present invention 3 is prepared, coupon are tested using metal universal tensile testing machine
Specification be the same as Example 1；Test result is：Tensile strength is 196MPa.
The preparation of cast iron enamel：
Ground-coat enamel is sintered after above-mentioned casting is carried out into ground-coat enamel spraying, the composition of ground-coat enamel is：
B2O39wt%；SiO277wt%；Al2O34wt%；K2O 3.5wt%；Na2O 4wt%；CaO 2.5wt%.
The thickness of ground-coat enamel spraying is 150~200 μm；The temperature for sintering ground-coat enamel is 770 DEG C, and the time is 11 minutes.
Ground-coat enamel sinters cover-coat enamel after carrying out cover-coat enamel spraying after terminating, and the composition of cover-coat enamel is：
B2O312wt%；SiO246%；Al2O32.5%；K2O 2.5%；Na2O 15wt%；CaO 1.5wt%；TiO2
17wt%；ZnO 2.0wt%；MgO 1.5wt%.
The thickness of cover-coat enamel spraying is 450 μm；The temperature for sintering cover-coat enamel is 740, and the time is 10 minutes, obtains cast iron enamel.
It is any in the cast iron enamel batch produced from embodiment 3 to choose 5, carry out enamel inspection according to the method for embodiment 1
Survey, testing result is：
| Ground-coat enamel thickness | 120~150 | 190~230 | 90~130 | 130~160 | 170~220 |
| Cover-coat enamel thickness | 320~400 | 350~420 | 350~400 | 330~420 | 350~420 |
| Surface holes are steeped | There are 2 holes | It is pin-free | There is 0 hole | It is pin-free | It is pin-free |
| Cold punching adherence | Pass through | Pass through | Pass through | Pass through | Pass through |
| Thermal shock adherence | Pass through | Pass through | Pass through | Pass through | Pass through |
The pinprick ratio of defects that the casting that the embodiment of the present invention 3 is provided prepares cast iron enamel is 20%.
Comparative example 1
It is prepared by casting：
Carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus and pure iron (purity >=99wt%) are subjected to dispensing according to target component, 1 ton of electricity is then blended in
Melting in stove, and it is warming up to 1520 DEG C；Smelting time about at 60 minutes, obtains molten iron；
Obtained molten iron is poured into sand mold at 1370~1400 DEG C, the shape and size of sand mold are：610×510
×200mm。
After molten iron cooling in sand mold, spray is obtained；Ball blast is carried out to spray using the method for embodiment 1, it is clear
Whole and inspection, obtains castings.
The casting prepared to comparative example 1 of the present invention carries out composition detection using chemical analysis, and testing result is, this
The casting composition that invention comparative example 1 is prepared is：3.62wt% C；2.58wt% Si；0.52wt% Mn；
0.05wt% P；0.04wt% S；Surplus is Fe.
The casting that method according to embodiment 1 is prepared to comparative example 1 of the present invention carries out metallographic structure observation (100
Times), observation result such as Figure 10 (without the corrosion of pernitric acid alcohol) and Figure 11 (after corroding through pernitric acid alcohol) are shown, from Figure 10 with
Figure 11 is understood, pearlite and a small amount of ferrite are contained in the casting metallographic structure that comparative example 1 of the present invention is prepared；As cast condition graphite
Compare thick, the size of as cast condition graphite is 120~250 μm.
The tensile strength for the casting that comparative example 1 of the present invention is prepared, coupon are tested using metal universal tensile testing machine
Specification be the same as Example 1；Test result is：Tensile strength is 136MPa.
The preparation of cast iron enamel：
Ground-coat enamel is sintered after above-mentioned casting is carried out into ground-coat enamel spraying, the composition of ground-coat enamel is：
B2O39wt%；SiO277wt%；Al2O34wt%；K2O 3.5wt%；Na2O 4wt%；CaO 2.5wt%.
The thickness of ground-coat enamel spraying is 180~220 μm；The temperature for sintering ground-coat enamel is 780 DEG C, and the time is 11 minutes.
Ground-coat enamel sinters cover-coat enamel after carrying out cover-coat enamel spraying after terminating, and the composition of cover-coat enamel is：
B2O312wt%；SiO246wt%；Al2O32.5wt%；K2O 2.5wt%；Na2O 15wt%；CaO
1.5wt%；TiO217wt%；ZnO 2.0wt%；MgO 1.5wt%.
The thickness of cover-coat enamel spraying is 450 μm；The temperature for sintering cover-coat enamel is 730, and the time is 10 minutes, obtains cast iron enamel.
It is any in the cast iron enamel batch produced from comparative example 1 to choose 5, carry out enamel inspection according to the method for embodiment 1
Survey, testing result is：
| Ground-coat enamel is sprayed | White-based glaze | White-based glaze | White-based glaze | White-based glaze | White-based glaze |
| Ground-coat enamel thickness | 180~220 | 180~220 | 180~220 | 180~220 | 180~220 |
| Cover-coat enamel thickness | 450~550 | 420~510 | 380~480 | 390~540 | 430~520 |
| Surface quality | More pin hole hole | 5 pin holes | 7 pin holes | 5 pin holes | 6 pin holes |
| Cold punching adherence | Pass through | Pass through | Pass through | Pass through | Pass through |
| Thermal shock adherence | Pass through | Pass through | Pass through | Pass through | Pass through |
The pinprick ratio of defects that the casting that comparative example 1 of the present invention is provided prepares cast iron enamel is 100%.
The quantity still occurred regardless of the probability occurred from needle pore defect is can be seen that from above example and comparative example to come
See, cast iron enamel is prepared by the cast iron quality from present component, pinprick ratio of defects is relatively low, and surface quality, which has, significantly to be carried
It is high.
As seen from the above embodiment, the invention provides a kind of preparation method of cast iron enamel, including：Casting is entered successively
The coating of row ground-coat enamel, ground-coat enamel sintering, cover-coat enamel coating and cover-coat enamel sintering, obtain cast iron enamel；The composition of the casting is：2.9~
3.2wt% C；2.8~3.0wt% Si；0.4~0.8wt% Mn；0.4~0.8wt% P；＜ 0.1wt% S；It is remaining
Measure as Fe.The present invention uses low-carbon casting that carbon during preparing enamel can be avoided to produce a large amount of gases with glaze progress reaction,
Gas fails the defects such as pinprick, bubble that spilling is caused in enamel interface；High silicon, high phosphorus can be such that molten iron has well simultaneously
Mold-filling capacity is flowed, so as to obtain the good casting of presentation quality.Therefore, the present invention is avoided by optimizing the composition of casting and warded off
The generation of pinprick defect in porcelain preparation process, has prepared the preferable cast iron enamel of mechanical property, and this cast iron enamel is difficult
Crack, quality is preferable.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of cast iron enamel, including：
Casting is carried out to ground-coat enamel coating, ground-coat enamel sintering, cover-coat enamel coating and cover-coat enamel sintering successively, cast iron enamel is obtained；The casting
Composition be：
2.9~3.2wt% C；
2.8~3.0wt% Si；
0.4~0.8wt% Mn；
0.4~0.8wt% P；
＜ 0.1wt% S；
Surplus is Fe.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the preparation method of the casting is：
By the mixing of C sources, Si sources, Mn sources, P sources and Fe sources, melting, molten iron is obtained；
By molten iron casting into mould, casting is obtained.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the temperature of the melting is 1500~1550 DEG C.
4. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the temperature of the cast is 1350~1450 DEG C.
5. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the mould is sand mold mould.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the thickness of the ground-coat enamel coating is 150~250 μm.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the temperature of the ground-coat enamel sintering is 770~800 DEG C.
8. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the thickness of the cover-coat enamel coating is 300~600 μm.
9. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the temperature of the cover-coat enamel sintering is 720~780 DEG C.
10. the cast iron enamel that the method in claim 1~9 described in any one is prepared.
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105755468A (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-07-13 | 广东康业电器有限公司 | Production technology of enamel iron casting |
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2017
- 2017-03-29 CN CN201710196863.4A patent/CN107059007A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105755468A (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-07-13 | 广东康业电器有限公司 | Production technology of enamel iron casting |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 机械系统理化检验协作网: "《金相检验》", 30 November 1983, 《理化检验》编辑部 * |
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