CN107056840B - 一种反应型氮磷阻燃剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种反应型氮磷阻燃剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6571—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种反应型氮磷阻燃剂的制备方法,它涉及磷氮阻燃剂及其制备技术领域。包括以下步骤:1、季戊四醇磷酸酯(PEPA)的纯化;2、异氰酸活化PEPA;3、反应型氮磷阻燃剂制备:称取不饱和脂肪胺,滴加到步骤2异氰酸活化PEPA中,体系在40‑120℃水浴锅中,80‑230r/min转速下继续反应4‑10h,反应终止,用二甲苯溶剂洗涤2‑4次,70‑120℃下真空干燥10‑72h,制得反应型氮磷阻燃剂。本发明的阻燃剂主要由氮、磷、碳元素组成,有着优异的热稳定性和化学稳定性,无卤、低烟、低毒、环境友好,且含有活泼双键,可直接作为扩链剂与单体反应,合成阻燃高分子材料,键合方式简单。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是磷氮阻燃剂及其制备技术领域,具体涉及一种反应型氮磷阻燃剂的制备方法。
背景技术
自从进入20世纪50年代,高分子材料开始走进人们的生产生活中,极大的丰富了我们的日常生活,其中橡胶、塑料、纤维、涂料、胶黏剂等更是起着其它材料不可替代的作用。高分子材料在给我们带来方便的同时也带来了安全隐患,高分子材料易燃,极易引发火灾,威胁着人们的生命和财产安全,如今许多国内外的科研工作者致力于高分子材料的阻燃研究,对高分子材料进行阻燃改性成为了科技工作者研究的重要课题之一。
阻燃剂按照加工方法分可以分为添加型和反应型。添加型价格低廉、操作简单,占据了阻燃剂市场的大部分份额,但添加型阻燃剂与高分子存在相容性差,易喷霜、易迁移的问题,这使得材料阻燃性能随时间的延长急剧下降;此外,添加型阻燃剂对高分子材料的加工、物理机械性能都有一定的影响。反应型阻燃剂虽然加工相对复杂、成本稍高,但它不会产生相容性问题,同时对材料的加工性能以及物理机械影响非常小,也不会出现随时间的延长阻燃性能急剧下降的问题。阻燃剂小分子可以通过化学键合接枝在高分子材料上,赋予高分子材料以永久的阻燃性。
阻燃剂按所含元素划分可分为卤系、磷系、氮系、硅系、金属氢氧化物等。卤系阻燃涂料添加量小,防火效率高,但是在燃烧过程中易生烟和有毒的腐蚀性气体,危害人类身体健康,已经越来越少被应用在阻燃领域;无卤阻燃成为新的发展趋势。在无卤阻燃中金属氢氧化物有良好的阻燃效果,但需大量添加,严重影响材料物理机械性能,不是理想型阻燃剂,而无卤的氮、磷系阻燃剂低烟、低毒、环保高效,是比较理想的阻燃剂。磷、氮系阻燃剂改性后的聚合物材料在燃烧过程中可在表面形成多孔的泡沫碳层,起隔热、隔氧和抑烟的作用,且可防止产生熔滴现象,这完全符合阻燃剂的发展方向。
目前报道的氮磷阻燃剂多为添加型的,在高分子材料阻燃中能够起到一定作用,但对材料的加工性能及其物理机械性能有较大影响,合成制备环保高效的氮磷复合反应型阻燃剂鲜有报道。本发明设计了一种新颖的反应型环保氮磷阻燃剂。
发明内容
针对现有技术上存在的不足,本发明目的是在于提供一种反应型氮磷阻燃剂的制备方法,该阻燃剂分子不含卤素、氮磷协同、低烟、低毒、环境友好,且含有活泼双键,可直接作为扩链剂与单体反应,合成阻燃高分子材料,键合方式简单。
为了实现上述目的,本发明是通过如下的技术方案来实现:一种反应型氮磷阻燃剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:1、季戊四醇磷酸酯(PEPA)的纯化:取50-300gPEPA,加入200-500ml无水乙醇中,80-230r/min的转速下,70-80℃加热至沸腾、趁热过滤、冷却、重结晶、60-120℃下真空干燥处理25-72h,得到纯化的PEPA。
2、异氰酸活化PEPA:取100-300ml无水溶剂于三口烧瓶,加入10-200g的二异氰酸酯,氮气保护,缓缓加入10-200g的PEPA,在40-120℃水浴锅中,80-230r/min转速下反应4-8h,得到异氰酸活化PEPA。
3、反应型氮磷阻燃剂制备:称取不饱和脂肪胺,滴加到步骤2异氰酸活化PEPA中,体系在40-120℃水浴锅中,80-230r/min转速下继续反应4-10h,反应终止,用二甲苯溶剂洗涤2-4次,70-120℃下真空干燥10-72h,制得反应型氮磷阻燃剂,所述的步骤3中的不饱和脂肪胺为丙烯胺、丁烯胺。
所述的一种反应型氮磷阻燃剂的制备方法,所述的步骤2中的溶剂为除水蒸馏后的二甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基亚砜中的一种或者多种组合溶剂。
所述的步骤2中的二异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、4,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、4,4-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)或六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)。
本发明所述的一种环境友好反应型氮磷阻燃剂,它不含卤素、有效减少了高分子燃烧时有毒有害气体的排放,减少了对环境的污染和对人体的伤害。这种阻燃剂可接枝在高分子材料上,生成阻燃高分子材料,避免了阻燃剂的迁移、析出,使得阻燃作用更持久,且对材料的加工性能及其物理机械性能影响较小。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式来详细说明本发明;
图1为本发明的合成反应机理图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施方式,进一步阐述本发明。
实施例
参照图1,本具体实施方式采用以下技术方案:一种反应型氮磷阻燃剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:1、季戊四醇磷酸酯(PEPA)的纯化:取50-300gPEPA,加入200-500ml无水乙醇中,80-230r/min的转速下,70-80℃加热至沸腾、趁热过滤、冷却、重结晶、60-120℃下真空干燥处理25-72h,得到纯化的PEPA。
2、异氰酸活化PEPA:取100-300ml无水溶剂于三口烧瓶,加入10-200g的二异氰酸酯,氮气保护,缓缓加入10-200g的PEPA,在40-120℃水浴锅中,80-230r/min转速下反应4-8h,得到异氰酸活化PEPA。
3、反应型氮磷阻燃剂制备:称取不饱和脂肪胺,滴加到步骤2异氰酸活化PEPA中,体系在40-120℃水浴锅中,80-230r/min转速下继续反应4-10h,反应终止,用二甲苯溶剂洗涤2-4次,70-120℃下真空干燥10-72h,制得反应型氮磷阻燃剂,步骤3中的不饱和脂肪胺为丙烯胺或丁烯胺。
一种反应型氮磷阻燃剂的制备方法,步骤2中的溶剂为除水蒸馏后的二甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基亚砜中的一种或者多种组合溶剂。
步骤2中的二异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、4,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、4,4-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)或六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)。
实施例1:步骤1.季戊四醇磷酸酯(PEPA)的纯化
在500ml三口烧瓶中倒入300ml无水乙醇,加入150gPEPA,150r/min转速下电磁搅拌,水浴锅加热至溶液沸腾、趁热过滤、冷却、重结晶、80℃下真空干燥处理30h,得到纯化的PEPA。
步骤2.异氰酸根共价键合活化PEPA
取150ml无水二甲苯于250ml三口烧瓶,加入17.415g的甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI),180r/min电磁搅拌,氮气保护,取18.0gPEPA分9次加入,每次间隔10min,在70℃水浴锅中反应6h,得到异氰酸根活化的PEPA反应液待用。
步骤3.反应型氮磷阻燃剂制备
称取5.8g2-丙烯-1-胺,缓慢滴加到步骤2所得的活化的PEPA溶液中,体系在50℃下继续反应5h,反应终止,用二甲苯溶剂离心洗涤4次,80℃下真空干燥24h,制得反应型氮磷阻燃剂。
本具体实施方式的阻燃剂的反应原料由季戊四醇磷酸酯(PEPA)、二异氰酸酯、不饱和脂肪胺组成。与现有技术相比,本发明的阻燃剂主要由氮、磷、碳元素组成,有着优异的热稳定性和化学稳定性,无卤、低烟、低毒、环境友好,且含有活泼双键,可直接作为扩链剂与单体反应,合成阻燃高分子材料,键合方式简单。本发明产品可广泛适用于橡胶、塑料、纤维、涂料等高分子材料的阻燃改性。
本反应型氮磷阻燃剂在天然橡胶中的应用:
实施例2:天然橡胶的配方,按重量份数计:天然橡胶100份、氧化锌6份、硬脂酸2份、防老剂4010NA0.5份、石蜡3份、硫磺3份、促进剂CZ0.5份、促进剂DM0.8份、炭黑(N330)20份、可膨胀石墨10份、反应型氮磷阻燃剂30份。经过塑练、混炼、压延及压出、硫化,得到阻燃天然橡胶。
实施例3
天然橡胶的配方,按重量份数计:天然橡胶100份、氧化锌6份、硬脂酸2份、防老剂4010NA0.5份、石蜡3份、硫磺3份、促进剂CZ0.5份、促进剂DM0.8份、炭黑(N330)20份、可膨胀石墨10份、反应型氮磷阻燃剂40份。经过塑练、混炼、压延及压出、硫化,得到阻燃天然橡胶。
对实施例2、3制备的橡胶进行力学及阻燃性能测试,结果见下表1.
表1力学及阻燃测试结果
项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 |
硬度(邵氏A) | 49 | 52 |
撕裂强度KN/m | 18.96 | 19.37 |
拉伸强度/MPa | 7.57 | 7.83 |
断裂伸长率/% | 668.73 | 650.35 |
30万次屈挠裂口 | 无 | 无 |
氧指数 | 26.7 | 27.5 |
防火等级UL-94 | V-0 | V-0 |
上述结果表明实施例橡胶硬度、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率等性能较佳,适合应用在轮胎中,符合轮胎对胶料的性能要求,而且具有良好的阻燃性。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (3)
1.一种反应型氮磷阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)、季戊四醇磷酸酯(PEPA)的纯化:取50-300gPEPA,加入200-500ml无水乙醇中,80-230r/min的转速下,70-80℃加热至沸腾、趁热过滤、冷却、重结晶、60-120℃下真空干燥处理25-72h,得到纯化的PEPA;
(2)、异氰酸活化PEPA:取100-300ml无水溶剂于三口烧瓶,加入10-200g的二异氰酸酯,氮气保护,缓缓加入10-200g的PEPA,在40-120℃水浴锅中,80-230r/min转速下反应4-8h,得到异氰酸活化PEPA;
(3)、反应型氮磷阻燃剂制备:称取不饱和脂肪胺,滴加到步骤2异氰酸活化PEPA中,体系在40-120℃水浴锅中,80-230r/min转速下继续反应4-10h,反应终止,用二甲苯溶剂洗涤2-4次,70-120℃下真空干燥10-72h,制得反应型氮磷阻燃剂,所述的步骤(3)中的不饱和脂肪胺为丙烯胺或丁烯胺。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种反应型氮磷阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(2)中的溶剂为除水蒸馏后的二甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基亚砜中的一种或者多种组合溶剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种反应型氮磷阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(2)中的二异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、4,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、4,4-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)或六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)。
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