CN107056308A - 一种保温砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种保温砖及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107056308A
CN107056308A CN201710219827.5A CN201710219827A CN107056308A CN 107056308 A CN107056308 A CN 107056308A CN 201710219827 A CN201710219827 A CN 201710219827A CN 107056308 A CN107056308 A CN 107056308A
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曹智远
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Hefei Oukesi New Building Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种保温砖及其制备方法,涉及保温砖技术领域,包括以下重量份的原料:包膜膨胀珍珠岩60~80份、秸秆包覆颗粒40~60份、水泥20~30份、助烧剂2~10份、高温粘结剂2~6份、氢氧化镁2~6份和水100~120份。制备方法包括:(1)、制备包膜膨胀珍珠岩;(2)、制备秸秆包覆颗粒;(3)、原料混合;(4)、压制成型;(5)、养护;(6)、高温煅烧。本发明不仅具有良好的保温性能,而且质轻、强度大和耐水性好,另外,本发明制备方法简单,易操作,原料来源广泛,成本低廉,节约能源,具有良好的社会效益和经济效益。

Description

一种保温砖及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及保温砖技术领域,具体涉及一种保温砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
建筑外墙使用保温材料时,多使用苯板、挤塑板或聚氨酯发泡等保温材料,虽然这些材料保温隔热效果比较好,但是它们的防火性能差,存在安全隐患;同时,在用到高层建筑物时,抗风压性较低;聚氨酯在使用时用聚氨酯发泡剂发泡,聚氨酯发泡剂在发泡过程中会产生有毒气体,而且在做隔热材料后不能完全排除,所以环保系数大大降低,而且成本也很高。虽然胶粉聚苯颗粒正逐渐被广泛使用,该保温材料现场施工,因材料为固体颗粒,便于运输,在使用过程中使用方法简单,具有防火性能优良,成本较低等优势特点,但是其材料保温性能差,保温层外层需要涂抹防裂材料,且保温层涂抹后需固化干燥后方可进行防裂处理,这就需要较长的干燥时间,因此施工周期长。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种保温砖及其制备方法,不仅具有良好的保温性能,而且质轻、强度大和耐水性好,另外,本发明制备方法简单,易操作,原料来源广泛,成本低廉,节约能源,具有良好的社会效益和经济效益。
本发明提供了如下的技术方案:一种保温砖,包括以下重量份的原料:包膜膨胀珍珠岩60~80份、秸秆包覆颗粒40~60份、水泥20~30份、助烧剂2~10份、高温粘结剂2~6份、氢氧化镁2~6份和水100~120份;
所述包膜膨胀珍珠岩包括以下重量份的原料:珍珠岩30~40份、碳酸钙10~20份和环氧树脂粉料2~8份;
所述秸秆包覆颗粒包括以下重量份的原料:硅藻土10~20份、植物秸秆粉10~15份、水玻璃2~10份、羧甲基纤维素2~10份、粘土2~8份和改性海泡石2~6份。
优选地,包括以下重量份的原料:包膜膨胀珍珠岩70份、秸秆包覆颗粒50份、水泥25份、助烧剂6份、高温粘结剂4份、氢氧化镁4份和水110份;
所述包膜膨胀珍珠岩包括以下重量份的原料:珍珠岩35份、碳酸钙15份和环氧树脂粉料5份;
所述秸秆包覆颗粒包括以下重量份的原料:硅藻土15份、植物秸秆粉12.5份、水玻璃6份、羧甲基纤维素6份、粘土5份和改性海泡石4份。
优选地,所述水泥为普通硅酸盐水泥、高铝水泥、粉煤灰水泥、矾土水泥和铝酸盐水泥中的任一种。
优选地,所述助烧剂为TiO2微粉、MgO微粉、Cr2O3微粉、MgF2微粉和AlF3微粉中的任一种。
优选地,所述高温粘结剂为氢氧化铝或者硅熔胶。
优选地,所述植物秸秆粉的制备方法为:将植物秸秆放入粉碎机粉碎,纤维长度控制为5~10mm,干燥至含水率为5~8%,得到植物秸秆粉。
优选地,所述改性海泡石的制备方法为:将海泡石置于300~500℃窑炉中焙烧1~4h,粉碎研磨成100~180目粉末,研细后即得改性海泡石。
本发明中还提供一种保温砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)、制备包膜膨胀珍珠岩
称取珍珠岩,粉碎过130~140目筛,放入煅烧炉,在500~600℃下高温煅烧1~2h后得到珍珠岩粉末取出,自然冷却后加入到包衣机中加热至150~180℃,并加入碳酸钙粉末,搅拌均匀,然后包衣机一端喷洒蒸馏水将珍珠岩粉末浸湿,一端喷洒环氧树脂粉料,并不断搅拌40~50min,即得到所述包膜膨胀珍珠岩;
(2)、制备秸秆包覆颗粒
将硅藻土和改性海泡石干燥后与羧甲基纤维素加入高速混合机中,在110~120℃下以500~800rpm的速度搅拌混合20~30min,再加入水玻璃继续搅拌10~15min后,然后加入植物秸秆粉、粘土以1000~1500rpm的速度共混5~10min,烘干后送入造粒机中造粒,粒径控制在2~4mm,即得秸秆包覆颗粒;
(3)、原料混合
称取剩余原料与步骤(1)得到的包膜膨胀珍珠岩和步骤(2)得到的秸秆包覆颗粒混合均匀;
(4)、压制成型
采用压力机对步骤(3)混合后的原料压制成型,压制时间为5~10秒,得到半成品;
(5)、养护
将步骤(4)压制后的半成品在常温下进行养护处理,养护时间为1~3天;
(6)、高温煅烧
将步骤(5)养护后的半成品进行高温煅烧处理,煅烧温度为800~1200℃,高温煅烧时间为10~20h,煅烧后得到所述保温砖。
本发明的有益效果:不仅具有良好的保温性能,而且质轻、强度大和耐水性好,另外,本发明制备方法简单,易操作,原料来源广泛,成本低廉,节约能源,具有良好的社会效益和经济效益,具体如下:
(1)、本发明中珍珠岩通过碳酸钙以及环氧树脂粉料进行包膜处理,不仅能够降低珍珠岩的吸水率,而且还能够增强整体强度,充分利用珍珠岩理化性能稳定、耐老化耐候性强等优点,制备出的保温砖吸水率低、抗压强度和保温性能高;
(2)、本发明中添加植物秸秆粉,一方面,用于制备秸秆包覆颗粒,提高了保温砖的保温效果和强度,很好地解决强度和保温性能不能兼得的矛盾,另一方面,增加本发明保温砖的孔隙率,在焙烧过程中形成大量的微孔;另外,可以利用廉价的、资源量丰富的植物秸秆,同时解决了农村燃烧秸秆所带来的环境污染问题,达到了即绿色环保、综合利用的效果;
(3)、本发明中添加氢氧化镁,提高了整体的耐火性;
(4)、本发明中添加改性海泡石,改性后的海泡石可以提高其对有害气体、重金属等有害物质的吸附性。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种保温砖,包括以下重量份的原料:
包膜膨胀珍珠岩 60份;
秸秆包覆颗粒 40份;
水泥 20份;
助烧剂 2份;
高温粘结剂 2份;
氢氧化镁 2份;
水 100份;
所述包膜膨胀珍珠岩包括以下重量份的原料:珍珠岩30份、碳酸钙10份和环氧树脂粉料2份;
所述秸秆包覆颗粒包括以下重量份的原料:硅藻土10份、植物秸秆粉10份、水玻璃2份、羧甲基纤维素2份、粘土2份和改性海泡石2份。
其中,所述水泥为普通硅酸盐水泥,所述助烧剂为TiO2微粉,所述高温粘结剂为氢氧化铝。
其中,所述植物秸秆粉的制备方法为:将植物秸秆放入粉碎机粉碎,纤维长度控制为5mm,干燥至含水率为5%,得到植物秸秆粉。
优选地,所述改性海泡石的制备方法为:将海泡石置于300℃窑炉中焙烧1h,粉碎研磨成100目粉末,研细后即得改性海泡石。
本实施例中还提供一种保温砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)、制备包膜膨胀珍珠岩
称取珍珠岩,粉碎过130目筛,放入煅烧炉,在500℃下高温煅烧1h后得到珍珠岩粉末取出,自然冷却后加入到包衣机中加热至150℃,并加入碳酸钙粉末,搅拌均匀,然后包衣机一端喷洒蒸馏水将珍珠岩粉末浸湿,一端喷洒环氧树脂粉料,并不断搅拌40min,即得到所述包膜膨胀珍珠岩;
(2)、制备秸秆包覆颗粒
将硅藻土和改性海泡石干燥后与羧甲基纤维素加入高速混合机中,在110℃下以500rpm的速度搅拌混合20min,再加入水玻璃继续搅拌10min后,然后加入植物秸秆粉、粘土以1000rpm的速度共混5min,烘干后送入造粒机中造粒,粒径控制在2mm,即得秸秆包覆颗粒;
(3)、原料混合
称取剩余原料与步骤(1)得到的包膜膨胀珍珠岩和步骤(2)得到的秸秆包覆颗粒混合均匀;
(4)、压制成型
采用压力机对步骤(3)混合后的原料压制成型,压制时间为5秒,得到半成品;
(5)、养护
将步骤(4)压制后的半成品在常温下进行养护处理,养护时间为1天;
(6)、高温煅烧
将步骤(5)养护后的半成品进行高温煅烧处理,煅烧温度为800℃,高温煅烧时间为10h,煅烧后得到所述保温砖。
实施例2
一种保温砖,包括以下重量份的原料:
包膜膨胀珍珠岩 80份;
秸秆包覆颗粒 60份;
水泥 30份;
助烧剂 10份;
高温粘结剂 6份;
氢氧化镁 6份;
水 120份;
所述包膜膨胀珍珠岩包括以下重量份的原料:珍珠岩40份、碳酸钙20份和环氧树脂粉料8份;
所述秸秆包覆颗粒包括以下重量份的原料:硅藻土20份、植物秸秆粉15份、水玻璃10份、羧甲基纤维素10份、粘土8份和改性海泡石6份。
其中,所述水泥为高铝水泥,所述助烧剂为MgO微粉,所述高温粘结剂为硅熔胶。
其中,所述植物秸秆粉的制备方法为:将植物秸秆放入粉碎机粉碎,纤维长度控制为10mm,干燥至含水率为8%,得到植物秸秆粉。
其中,所述改性海泡石的制备方法为:将海泡石置于500℃窑炉中焙烧4h,粉碎研磨成180目粉末,研细后即得改性海泡石。
本发明中还提供一种保温砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)、制备包膜膨胀珍珠岩
称取珍珠岩,粉碎过140目筛,放入煅烧炉,在600℃下高温煅烧2h后得到珍珠岩粉末取出,自然冷却后加入到包衣机中加热至180℃,并加入碳酸钙粉末,搅拌均匀,然后包衣机一端喷洒蒸馏水将珍珠岩粉末浸湿,一端喷洒环氧树脂粉料,并不断搅拌50min,即得到所述包膜膨胀珍珠岩;
(2)、制备秸秆包覆颗粒
将硅藻土和改性海泡石干燥后与羧甲基纤维素加入高速混合机中,在120℃下以800rpm的速度搅拌混合30min,再加入水玻璃继续搅拌15min后,然后加入植物秸秆粉、粘土以1500rpm的速度共混10min,烘干后送入造粒机中造粒,粒径控制在4mm,即得秸秆包覆颗粒;
(3)、原料混合
称取剩余原料与步骤(1)得到的包膜膨胀珍珠岩和步骤(2)得到的秸秆包覆颗粒混合均匀;
(4)、压制成型
采用压力机对步骤(3)混合后的原料压制成型,压制时间为10秒,得到半成品;
(5)、养护
将步骤(4)压制后的半成品在常温下进行养护处理,养护时间为3天;
(6)、高温煅烧
将步骤(5)养护后的半成品进行高温煅烧处理,煅烧温度为1200℃,高温煅烧时间为20h,煅烧后得到所述保温砖。
实施例3
一种保温砖,包括以下重量份的原料:
包膜膨胀珍珠岩 70份;
秸秆包覆颗粒 50份;
水泥 25份;
助烧剂 6份;
高温粘结剂 4份;
氢氧化镁 4份;
水 110份;
所述包膜膨胀珍珠岩包括以下重量份的原料:珍珠岩35份、碳酸钙15份和环氧树脂粉料5份;
所述秸秆包覆颗粒包括以下重量份的原料:硅藻土15份、植物秸秆粉12.5份、水玻璃6份、羧甲基纤维素6份、粘土5份和改性海泡石4份。
其中,所述水泥为粉煤灰水泥,所述助烧剂为Cr2O3微粉,高温粘结剂为氢氧化铝。
其中,所述植物秸秆粉的制备方法为:将植物秸秆放入粉碎机粉碎,纤维长度控制为7mm,干燥至含水率为6%,得到植物秸秆粉。
优选地,所述改性海泡石的制备方法为:将海泡石置于400℃窑炉中焙烧2.5h,粉碎研磨成140目粉末,研细后即得改性海泡石。
本实施例中还提供一种保温砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)、制备包膜膨胀珍珠岩
称取珍珠岩,粉碎过135目筛,放入煅烧炉,在550℃下高温煅烧1.5h后得到珍珠岩粉末取出,自然冷却后加入到包衣机中加热至165℃,并加入碳酸钙粉末,搅拌均匀,然后包衣机一端喷洒蒸馏水将珍珠岩粉末浸湿,一端喷洒环氧树脂粉料,并不断搅拌45min,即得到所述包膜膨胀珍珠岩;
(2)、制备秸秆包覆颗粒
将硅藻土和改性海泡石干燥后与羧甲基纤维素加入高速混合机中,在115℃下以650rpm的速度搅拌混合25min,再加入水玻璃继续搅拌12min后,然后加入植物秸秆粉、粘土以1250rpm的速度共混7min,烘干后送入造粒机中造粒,粒径控制在3mm,即得秸秆包覆颗粒;
(3)、原料混合
称取剩余原料与步骤(1)得到的包膜膨胀珍珠岩和步骤(2)得到的秸秆包覆颗粒混合均匀;
(4)、压制成型
采用压力机对步骤(3)混合后的原料压制成型,压制时间为7秒,得到半成品;
(5)、养护
将步骤(4)压制后的半成品在常温下进行养护处理,养护时间为2天;
(6)、高温煅烧
将步骤(5)养护后的半成品进行高温煅烧处理,煅烧温度为1000℃,高温煅烧时间为15h,煅烧后得到所述保温砖。
实施例4
对实施例1~3值得的保温砖进行性能测试,结果如下表一:
表一
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 检测标准
抗压强度(N/mm2 8.9 9.3 9.1 GB/T11969-2008
导热系数(常温)(W/mK) 0.055 0.046 0.051 GB/T10294-2008
隔音量dB 86 88 87 GB/T8485-2008
燃烧性能 A级不燃 A级不燃 A级不燃 GB/T8624-2006
参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种保温砖,其特征在于,包括以下重量份的原料:包膜膨胀珍珠岩60~80份、秸秆包覆颗粒40~60份、水泥20~30份、助烧剂2~10份、高温粘结剂2~6份、氢氧化镁2~6份和水100~120份;
所述包膜膨胀珍珠岩包括以下重量份的原料:珍珠岩30~40份、碳酸钙10~20份和环氧树脂粉料2~8份;
所述秸秆包覆颗粒包括以下重量份的原料:硅藻土10~20份、植物秸秆粉10~15份、水玻璃2~10份、羧甲基纤维素2~10份、粘土2~8份和改性海泡石2~6份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的保温砖,其特征在于,包括以下重量份的原料:包膜膨胀珍珠岩70份、秸秆包覆颗粒50份、水泥25份、助烧剂6份、高温粘结剂4份、氢氧化镁4份和水110份;
所述包膜膨胀珍珠岩包括以下重量份的原料:珍珠岩35份、碳酸钙15份和环氧树脂粉料5份;
所述秸秆包覆颗粒包括以下重量份的原料:硅藻土15份、植物秸秆粉12.5份、水玻璃6份、羧甲基纤维素6份、粘土5份和改性海泡石4份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的保温砖,其特征在于,所述水泥为普通硅酸盐水泥、高铝水泥、粉煤灰水泥、矾土水泥和铝酸盐水泥中的任一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的保温砖,其特征在于,所述助烧剂为TiO2微粉、MgO微粉、Cr2O3微粉、MgF2微粉和AlF3微粉中的任一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的保温砖,其特征在于,所述高温粘结剂为氢氧化铝或者硅熔胶。
6.根据权利要求1所述的保温砖,其特征在于,所述植物秸秆粉的制备方法为:将植物秸秆放入粉碎机粉碎,纤维长度控制为5~10mm,干燥至含水率为5~8%,得到植物秸秆粉。
7.根据权利要求1所述的保温砖,其特征在于,所述改性海泡石的制备方法为:将海泡石置于300~500℃窑炉中焙烧1~4h,粉碎研磨成100~180目粉末,研细后即得改性海泡石。
8.一种根据权利要求1~7任一项所述的保温砖的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)、制备包膜膨胀珍珠岩
称取珍珠岩,粉碎过130~140目筛,放入煅烧炉,在500~600℃下高温煅烧1~2h后得到珍珠岩粉末取出,自然冷却后加入到包衣机中加热至150~180℃,并加入碳酸钙粉末,搅拌均匀,然后包衣机一端喷洒蒸馏水将珍珠岩粉末浸湿,一端喷洒环氧树脂粉料,并不断搅拌40~50min,即得到所述包膜膨胀珍珠岩;
(2)、制备秸秆包覆颗粒
将硅藻土和改性海泡石干燥后与羧甲基纤维素加入高速混合机中,在110~120℃下以500~800rpm的速度搅拌混合20~30min,再加入水玻璃继续搅拌10~15min后,然后加入植物秸秆粉、粘土以1000~1500rpm的速度共混5~10min,烘干后送入造粒机中造粒,粒径控制在2~4mm,即得秸秆包覆颗粒;
(3)、原料混合
称取剩余原料与步骤(1)得到的包膜膨胀珍珠岩和步骤(2)得到的秸秆包覆颗粒混合均匀;
(4)、压制成型
采用压力机对步骤(3)混合后的原料压制成型,压制时间为5~10秒,得到半成品;
(5)、养护
将步骤(4)压制后的半成品在常温下进行养护处理,养护时间为1~3天;
(6)、高温煅烧
将步骤(5)养护后的半成品进行高温煅烧处理,煅烧温度为800~1200℃,高温煅烧时间为10~20h,煅烧后得到所述保温砖。
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CN108774075A (zh) * 2018-08-27 2018-11-09 湖州德海新型建材有限公司 一种不易破损的保温砖及制作方法
CN111908842A (zh) * 2020-07-31 2020-11-10 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 一种纳米隔热材料及其制备方法

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CN103723964A (zh) * 2013-12-13 2014-04-16 青岛无为保温材料有限公司 一种新型墙体保温材料
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CN108033806A (zh) * 2017-12-18 2018-05-15 郭舒洋 一种膨胀珍珠岩保温砖的制备方法
CN108774075A (zh) * 2018-08-27 2018-11-09 湖州德海新型建材有限公司 一种不易破损的保温砖及制作方法
CN111908842A (zh) * 2020-07-31 2020-11-10 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 一种纳米隔热材料及其制备方法

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Application publication date: 20170818