CN107051738B - 一种用于消除粉煤及灰尘污染的湍流亚高速湿式高效静电除尘器 - Google Patents
一种用于消除粉煤及灰尘污染的湍流亚高速湿式高效静电除尘器 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107051738B CN107051738B CN201710265762.8A CN201710265762A CN107051738B CN 107051738 B CN107051738 B CN 107051738B CN 201710265762 A CN201710265762 A CN 201710265762A CN 107051738 B CN107051738 B CN 107051738B
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- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
- B03C3/16—Plant or installations having external electricity supply wet type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/01—Pretreatment of the gases prior to electrostatic precipitation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/01—Pretreatment of the gases prior to electrostatic precipitation
- B03C3/011—Prefiltering; Flow controlling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/06—Ionising electrode being a needle
Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于消除粉煤及灰尘污染的湍流亚高速湿式高效静电除尘器，包括亚高速湿式静电除尘器（2），所述亚高速湿式静电除尘器（2）的含尘气体进口通过管道与湍流高效洗涤器（1）的出口相连通，湍流高效洗涤器（1）的下部设有与湍冲循环泵（13）相连通的湍冲高能喷嘴（7），湍冲高能喷嘴（7）竖直向上布置使得从气体进口（8）进入湍流高效洗涤器（1）的含尘气体和由湍冲循环泵（13）送来的经湍冲高能喷嘴（7）喷出的逆向喷散液柱进行激烈碰撞，剩余含尘气体进入亚高速湿式静电除尘器（2）的阳极收尘机构（4）进行再次除尘，两次除尘后总效率不低于99.86%。本发明能使排放气体出口含尘在5mg/Nm3以下。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及环保技术领域，尤其是指一种能够应用在含尘气体处理技术领域的湍流亚高速湿式静电除尘设备，具体地说是一种能够有效脱除粉煤、灰尘及气溶胶等污染因子的湍流亚高速湿式高效静电除尘器。
背景技术
自2009年以来国家对电力、钢铁、有色、石化、建材等行业二氧化硫、酸雾及细微颗粒物的排放标准要求逐步提高，电力行业的GB13223-2011《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》已开始实施，各项污染物的排放标准更加严格。
原燃煤系统一般采用布袋或者干式静电除尘器进行收集煤粉等灰尘。早先的粉煤及煤灰收尘采用布袋收尘，但布袋收尘有易结垢堵塞，收尘效率低，后期维护工作量大等缺点。干式静电除尘器目前有部分电厂正在使用，干式电收尘器极板上易结垢，煤灰粘结，锈蚀，除尘效率下降，电场故障率增加，干式电收尘器收尘时含水量较低，煤尘通过干式电收尘可能产生着火或者爆炸。
近年来，电厂普遍采用高挥发份煤种，火灾风险急剧上升，为了输煤系统和除尘设备的防火安全，在输煤运行高挥发煤种时停止干式静电除尘器的运行，并且定期冲洗除尘器各积尘内腔和管道等部件。输煤系统运行时大量煤尘没有处理，现场粉尘深度严重超标，不符合环保规定，不符合职业健康环境规定，设备也存在严重的安全隐患。如果环境中的煤尘不进行治理或处理充分，对环境卫生及安全和操作人员的身心健康将造成极大地危害。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对粉煤、煤灰、矿尘及气溶胶等难以脱除的问题，提供一种能有效脱除粉煤、粉煤灰、矿尘，气溶胶污染因子的湍流亚高速湿式高效静电除尘器，该湍流亚高速湿式高效静电除尘器的湍流高效洗涤器采用立管式结构，内设湍冲高能喷嘴；阳极收尘机构采用立式管状结构，阴极系统中的阴极线上的放电尖端则设计呈多角星形或芒刺结构。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案解决的：
一种用于消除粉煤及灰尘污染的湍流亚高速湿式高效静电除尘器，包括亚高速湿式静电除尘器，其特征在于：所述亚高速湿式静电除尘器的含尘气体进口通过管道与湍流高效洗涤器的出口相连通，湍流高效洗涤器的下部设有与湍冲循环泵相连通的湍冲高能喷嘴，湍冲高能喷嘴竖直向上布置使得从气体进口进入湍流高效洗涤器的含尘气体和由湍冲循环泵送来的经湍冲高能喷嘴喷出的逆向喷散液柱进行激烈碰撞，使含尘气体和洗涤液充分湍冲接触后除去部分粉煤及灰尘后，剩余含尘气体进入亚高速湿式静电除尘器的阳极收尘机构进行再次除尘，两次除尘后总效率不低于99.86%。
所述亚高速湿式静电除尘器的下部设有捕沫器，经湍流高效洗涤器清洗后的含尘气体再经捕沫器拦截较大的液滴后才进入捕沫器上方的阳极收尘机构。
进入阳极收尘机构的含粉尘雾粒子的粒径小于5µm。
所述的阳极收尘机构采用竖直布置的管束结构并固定在亚高速湿式静电除尘器的壳体内壁上，在阳极收尘机构的每个沉淀极管的中心皆设有对应的一根竖直布置并带放电尖端的阴极线。
所述阴极线上的放电尖端呈多角星形结构或芒刺形结构，且放电尖端环绕在阴极线上。
所述阴极线的上端固定在其上方的阴极系统上， 阴极系统通过导线与高压供电系统相连。
所述的高压供电系统通过导线与绝缘子室相连，绝缘子室通过导线与阴极系统相连接。
所述湍冲循环泵的一侧通过管道与亚高速湿式静电除尘器的下部相连通，且该连通口位于亚高速湿式静电除尘器的含尘气体进口下侧，使得亚高速湿式静电除尘器下部积存的含尘洗涤液的上清液能够循环使用。
所述亚高速湿式静电除尘器的底部设有排液口，沉降后含尘量较高的部分液体经排液口间断排出。
所述亚高速湿式静电除尘器的上部设有气体出口，气体出口位于阳极收尘机构的上侧，且气体通过亚高速湿式静电除尘器的流速能够达到3m/s。
本发明相比现有技术有如下优点：
本发明的湍流亚高速湿式高效静电除尘器，从吸风口来的含有大量的粉煤、烟尘等的气体首先进入湍流高效洗涤器与逆向喷散液柱进行激烈碰撞，使含尘气体和洗涤液充分湍冲接触，含尘气体中的亚微粒子被捕集在洗涤液的表面上以除去颗粒较大的粒子，同时烟气变成饱和烟气从底部进入亚高速湿式静电除尘器，此时烟气中的粒子荷电，在电场力的作用下迅速抵达阳极收尘机构的沉淀极管内壁，除去超细粉尘及亚微粒子；流通方式为竖流式，气体流动方向与阴极线的悬挂方向一致，有利于气体中的粉尘驱动到阳极上，干、湿气体和颗粒大小的烟气皆可处理；具有用途广泛、结构简单、除尘效率高的特点。
本发明的湍冲高能喷嘴通过湍冲循环泵获得一定能量喷出液柱与含尘气体建立动量平衡形成泡沫区；该静电除尘器，兼有文丘里湿式除尘器和管式静电除尘器两项特点，具有用途广泛、除尘效率高、结构简单、制作容易的特点；能够有效地解决目前电厂普遍采用高挥发份煤种导致的煤粉飞扬、火灾风险大、环境差的问题，与目前同类除尘技术相比，气体流速可大幅提高，最高可达3m/s；应用于电厂燃煤机组脱硫后湿烟气除尘，能使排放气体出口含尘在5mg/Nm3以下。
附图说明
附图1为本发明的湍流亚高速湿式高效静电除尘器结构示意图。
其中：1—湍流高效洗涤器；2—亚高速湿式静电除尘器；3—阴极系统；4—阳极收尘机构；5—高压供电系统；6—捕沫器；7—湍冲高能喷嘴；8—气体进口；9—气体出口；10—排液口；11—阴极线；12—绝缘子室；13—湍冲循环泵。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
如图1所示：一种用于消除粉煤及灰尘污染的湍流亚高速湿式高效静电除尘器，包括亚高速湿式静电除尘器2，该亚高速湿式静电除尘器2包括阳极收尘机构4，阳极收尘机构4采用竖直布置的管束结构并固定在亚高速湿式静电除尘器2的壳体内壁上，在阳极收尘机构4的每个沉淀极管的中心皆设有对应的一根竖直布置并带放电尖端的阴极线11，阴极线11上的放电尖端呈多角星形结构或芒刺形结构，且放电尖端环绕在阴极线上，阴极线11的上端固定在其上方的阴极系统3上， 阴极系统3通过导线与高压供电系统5相连，高压供电系统5通过导线与绝缘子室12相连，绝缘子室12通过导线与阴极系统3相连接；该亚高速湿式静电除尘器2的含尘气体进口通过管道与湍流高效洗涤器1的出口相连通，湍流高效洗涤器1的下部设有与湍冲循环泵13相连通的湍冲高能喷嘴7，湍冲高能喷嘴7竖直向上布置使得从气体进口8进入湍流高效洗涤器1的含尘气体和由湍冲循环泵13送来的经湍冲高能喷嘴7喷出的逆向喷散液柱进行激烈碰撞，使含尘气体和洗涤液充分湍冲接触后除去部分粉煤及灰尘后，剩余含尘气体进入亚高速湿式静电除尘器2的阳极收尘机构4进行再次除尘，两次除尘后总效率不低于99.86%。
在上述结构的基础上，在亚高速湿式静电除尘器2的下部设有捕沫器6，经湍流高效洗涤器1清洗后的含尘气体再经捕沫器6拦截较大的液滴后才进入捕沫器6上方的阳极收尘机构4，且进入阳极收尘机构4的含粉尘雾粒子的粒径小于5µm；在亚高速湿式静电除尘器2的底部设有排液口10，沉降后含尘量较高的部分液体经排液口10间断排出；在亚高速湿式静电除尘器2的上部设有气体出口9，气体出口9位于阳极收尘机构4的上侧，且气体通过亚高速湿式静电除尘器2的流速能够达到3m/s。另外湍冲循环泵13的一侧通过管道与亚高速湿式静电除尘器2的下部相连通，且该连通口位于亚高速湿式静电除尘器2的含尘气体进口下侧，使得亚高速湿式静电除尘器2下部积存的含尘洗涤液的上清液能够循环使用。
本发明的用于消除粉煤及灰尘污染的湍流亚高速湿式高效静电除尘器使用时，从吸风口来的含有大量的粉煤、烟尘等固相飘尘含尘气体，利用微粒子捕集的机理，该含尘气体首先由湍流高效洗涤器1的气体进口8进入湍流高效洗涤器1，含尘气体在湍流高效洗涤器1内和由湍冲循环泵13送来的经湍冲高能喷嘴7喷出的逆向喷散液柱进行激烈碰撞，使含尘气体和洗涤液充分湍冲接触，含尘气体中的亚微粒子被捕集在洗涤液的表面上，颗粒相对较大粉煤、灰及5µm以上的含尘液滴进入亚高速湿式静电除尘器2的底部后自然沉降，沉降后含尘量较高的部分液体经排液口10间断排出，其余清液继续循环使用.从湍流高效洗涤器1出来的含尘气体经捕沫器6拦截较大的液滴后，颗粒相对较小粉煤及小于5µm含粉尘的雾粒子进入阳极收尘机构4，工作时高压供电系统5利用高压静电装置对架设在亚高速湿式静电除尘器内的阴极线11施加负的高压电，在电场力的作用下，阳极收尘机构4的沉淀极管内形成电晕区，在电晕区内，高浓度的负离子（电子）从阴极线11源源不断地向阳极收尘机构4做定向运动从而形成电晕电流。当从湍流高效洗涤器1出来的含尘气体经捕沫器6拦截较大的液滴后，颗粒相对较小粉煤及小于5µm含粉尘的雾粒子进入阳极收尘机构4时，由于离子的碰撞和扩散，水雾和污染物荷电，然后在电场力的作用下迅速抵达沉淀极管内壁并同时释放出电荷，在沉淀极管内壁形成液膜，液膜在重力作用下流到亚高速湿式静电除尘器2下部的集液槽中，使粉尘在液相中沉积后经排液口10排出，从而达到捕集烟气中雾滴和粉煤灰的目的。
实施实例一：
江苏某央企-火电企业1000MW燃煤机组输煤系统，为了适用高挥发份煤种、长期有效地解决输煤系统皮带机煤粉扬尘问题，选用了本发明提供的湍流亚高速湿式高效静电除尘器。处理的气体其条件如下：粉尘颗粒度：0.5～20mm、除尘器入口气体含尘浓度：≤1500mg/Nm3、烟气量：30000 Nm3/h。
从皮带收尘罩出来的含有大量粉煤的气体，该含尘气体首先由气体进口8进入湍流高效洗涤器1，含尘气体和由湍冲循环泵13送来的经湍冲高能喷嘴7喷出的逆向喷散液柱进行激烈碰撞，使含尘气体和水溶液充分湍冲接触，颗粒相对较大粉煤及5µm以上的含尘液滴约70%进入亚高速湿式静电除尘器2的底部，经沉淀后含尘量较高的部分液体经排液口10间断排出，其余清液继续循环使用；从湍流高效洗涤器1出来的含尘气体经捕沫器6拦截较大的液滴后，颗粒相对较小粉煤及小于5µm含粉尘的雾粒子进入阳极收尘机构4，高压供电系统5利用高压静电装置对阴极线11施加负的高压电，在电场力的作用下超细粉尘及液滴迅速抵达阳极收尘机构4的沉淀极管内壁并同时释放出电荷，在沉淀极管内壁形成液膜，液膜在重力作用下流到亚高速湿式静电除尘器2下部的集液槽中，使粉尘在液相中沉积后经排液口10排出，从而达到捕集烟气中雾滴和粉煤灰的目的。本发明的湍流亚高速湿式高效静电除尘器的出口气体含尘浓度四次取样测量后的数据分别为0.7 mg/Nm3、0.9 mg/Nm3、0.5 mg/Nm3、0.8mg/Nm3，实际测量后该除尘器除尘效率99.86%以上。
本发明的湍流亚高速湿式高效静电除尘器，从吸风口来的含有大量的粉煤、烟尘等的气体首先进入湍流高效洗涤器1与逆向喷散液柱进行激烈碰撞，使含尘气体和洗涤液充分湍冲接触，含尘气体中的亚微粒子被捕集在洗涤液的表面上以除去颗粒较大的粒子，同时烟气变成饱和烟气从底部进入亚高速湿式静电除尘器2，此时烟气中的粒子荷电，在电场力的作用下迅速抵达阳极收尘机构4的沉淀极管内壁，除去超细粉尘及亚微粒子；流通方式为竖流式，气体流动方向与阴极线11的悬挂方向一致，有利于气体中的粉尘驱动到阳极上，干、湿气体和颗粒大小的烟气皆可处理；具有用途广泛、结构简单、除尘效率高的特点。湍冲高能喷嘴7通过湍冲循环泵13获得一定能量喷出液柱与含尘气体建立动量平衡形成泡沫区；该静电除尘器，兼有文丘里湿式除尘器和管式静电除尘器两项特点，具有用途广泛、除尘效率高、结构简单、制作容易的特点；能够有效地解决目前电厂普遍采用高挥发份煤种导致的煤粉飞扬、火灾风险大、环境差的问题，与目前同类除尘技术相比，气体流速可大幅提高，最高可达3m/s；应用于电厂燃煤机组脱硫后湿烟气除尘，能使排放气体出口含尘在5mg/Nm3以下。
以上实施例仅为说明本发明的技术思想，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围，凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想，在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动，均落入本发明保护范围之内；本发明未涉及的技术均可通过现有技术加以实现。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于消除粉煤及灰尘污染的湍流亚高速湿式高效静电除尘器，包括亚高速湿式静电除尘器（2），其特征在于：所述亚高速湿式静电除尘器（2）的含尘气体进口通过管道与湍流高效洗涤器（1）的出口相连通，湍流高效洗涤器（1）的下部设有与湍冲循环泵（13）相连通的湍冲高能喷嘴（7），湍冲高能喷嘴（7）竖直向上布置使得从气体进口（8）进入湍流高效洗涤器（1）的含尘气体和由湍冲循环泵（13）送来的经湍冲高能喷嘴（7）喷出的逆向喷散液柱进行激烈碰撞，使含尘气体和洗涤液充分湍冲接触后除去部分粉煤及灰尘后，剩余含尘气体进入亚高速湿式静电除尘器（2）的阳极收尘机构（4）进行再次除尘，两次除尘后总效率不低于99.86%；所述亚高速湿式静电除尘器（2）的下部设有捕沫器（6），经湍流高效洗涤器（1）清洗后的含尘气体再经捕沫器（6）拦截较大的液滴后才进入捕沫器（6）上方的阳极收尘机构（4）；进入阳极收尘机构（4）的含粉尘雾粒子的粒径小于5µm；所述亚高速湿式静电除尘器（2）的上部设有气体出口（9），气体出口（9）位于阳极收尘机构（4）的上侧，且气体通过亚高速湿式静电除尘器（2）的流速能够达到3m/s。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于消除粉煤及灰尘污染的湍流亚高速湿式高效静电除尘器，其特征在于：所述的阳极收尘机构（4）采用竖直布置的管束结构并固定在亚高速湿式静电除尘器（2）的壳体内壁上，在阳极收尘机构（4）的每个沉淀极管的中心皆设有对应的一根竖直布置并带放电尖端的阴极线（11）。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于消除粉煤及灰尘污染的湍流亚高速湿式高效静电除尘器，其特征在于：所述阴极线（11）上的放电尖端呈多角星形结构或芒刺形结构，且放电尖端环绕在阴极线上。
4.根据权利要求2所述的用于消除粉煤及灰尘污染的湍流亚高速湿式高效静电除尘器，其特征在于：所述阴极线（11）的上端固定在其上方的阴极系统（3）上， 阴极系统（3）通过导线与高压供电系统（5）相连。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于消除粉煤及灰尘污染的湍流亚高速湿式高效静电除尘器，其特征在于：所述的高压供电系统（5）通过导线与绝缘子室（12）相连，绝缘子室（12）通过导线与阴极系统（3）相连接。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于消除粉煤及灰尘污染的湍流亚高速湿式高效静电除尘器，其特征在于：所述湍冲循环泵（13）的一侧通过管道与亚高速湿式静电除尘器（2）的下部相连通，且该连通口位于亚高速湿式静电除尘器（2）的含尘气体进口下侧，使得亚高速湿式静电除尘器（2）下部积存的含尘洗涤液的上清液能够循环使用。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于消除粉煤及灰尘污染的湍流亚高速湿式高效静电除尘器，其特征在于：所述亚高速湿式静电除尘器（2）的底部设有排液口（10），沉降后含尘量较高的部分液体经排液口（10）间断排出。
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