CN105032611A - 一种预荷电强化的湿式静电多种污染物深度控制系统 - Google Patents
一种预荷电强化的湿式静电多种污染物深度控制系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105032611A CN105032611A CN201510325883.8A CN201510325883A CN105032611A CN 105032611 A CN105032611 A CN 105032611A CN 201510325883 A CN201510325883 A CN 201510325883A CN 105032611 A CN105032611 A CN 105032611A
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Abstract
本发明涉及燃煤烟气除尘设备，涉及一种预荷电强化的湿式静电多种污染物深度控制系统。该系统包括依次相连的碱液雾化混合器、预荷电器和湿式静电反应器，预荷电器安装于湿式静电反应器的入口处；碱液雾化混合器内部安装有双流体雾化喷嘴和扰流混合板；湿式静电反应器的下方设有出水口，出水口与废水箱管路连接，然后废水箱之后顺序连接有循环水箱、碱液箱和碱液泵，碱液泵与所述双流体雾化喷嘴相连，湿式静电反应器内部设置喷淋装置，循环水箱另设有出水管路与湿式静电反应器的喷淋装置相连，该出水管路上安装有循环过滤泵。该系统将预荷电器与湿式静电除尘器有机集成，实现了高效脱除脱硫塔后的石膏液滴和粉尘颗粒，SO3，NOx和SO2等。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及燃煤烟气除尘设备，特别是涉及一种预荷电强化的湿式静电多种污染物深度控制系统。
背景技术
[0002]目前，燃煤电厂烟气近零排放技术已引起国内高度关注并得到政府、发电企业等的广泛认可，采用湿式静电除尘器成为控制粉尘排放的重要技术。湿式静电除尘器通常用于饱和烟气中颗粒物的脱除，在燃煤电厂中通常布置于脱硫塔后，其主要工作原理是:将水雾喷向集尘板，水雾在放电极形成的强大电晕场内荷电后分裂进一步雾化；电场力、荷电水雾的碰撞拦截、吸附凝并，共同对细颗粒物起捕集作用，最终颗粒物在电场力作用下到达集尘极而被捕集。与干式电除尘器的振打清灰相比，湿式电除尘器是通过集尘极上形成连续的水膜高效清灰，不受粉尘比电阻影响，无反电晕及二次扬尘问题；且放电极在高湿环境中使得电场中存在大量带电雾滴，大大增加亚微米粒子碰撞带电的机率，大幅度提高亚微米粒子向集电极的趋近速度，可以在较高的烟气流速下，捕获更多的微粒。湿式静电除尘器不仅可有效去除烟气中的烟尘微粒、PM2.5，同时可协同脱除S03、汞及除雾器后烟气中携带的脱硫石膏雾滴等污染物，是一种高效的静电除尘器，已成为满足火电厂粉尘排放标准要求的重要技术。
[0003] 尽管湿式静电除尘器克服了干式电除尘器的诸多缺点，但也有其自身的不足，电晕抑制就是湿式静电除尘器运行过程中遇到的重要问题。湿式静电除尘器中发生电晕抑制主要归因于其特殊的工作环境，即位置处于脱硫塔后。脱硫塔后，烟气湿度大，而且含有大量脱硫塔喷淋携带而来的微细水雾液滴。微细水雾液滴较粉尘颗粒更易吸附电子形成空间电荷，液滴荷电后电晕电流相对降低，粉尘荷电减少，捕集效率下降。电晕抑制现象主要发生在除尘器的入口段，该现象的存在限制电除尘器性能的进一步提高。随着燃煤烟气超低排放工作的推进，粉尘排放浓度要求低于5mg/m3，在现有湿式静电除尘器的基础上，在入口段安装预荷电器，通过高强度的荷电区，使粉尘在进入除尘器前能充分荷电，可进一步提高湿式静电除尘器的工作性能。
[0004] 预荷电器具有烟气流速快、放电强度高和结构紧凑等优点。例如公开号CN203355881U的中国专利文献公开了一种电除尘器的预荷电装置包括第一电场框架、多个BS型芒刺线、多个固定板、多个连接板、多个螺栓和多个螺母。通过与电除尘器配套使用，用于清除烟尘中的颗粒，可以改善环境污染，提高空气质量。公开号CN201316673Y的中国专利文献也公开了另一种电除尘器预荷电装置，在进气烟箱内部第三层气流均布板平面前加设一排阴极线框架及其顶部电磁振打系统，阴极线布设在框架上，阴极线采用针刺线，并单独增设供电电源。通过该装置，粉尘在进入第一电场之前就荷上电，可以被前一、二块阳极板收集。公开号CN103056029A的中国专利文献公开了一种双区静电除尘器，包括烟气入口部件、迷宫式气流均布装置、荷电极板、荷电区放电电晕极、工字型收尘极板、收尘电晕、烟气出口部件、壳体、灰斗、振打装置、收尘高压电源、荷电高压高频电源，除尘器分成荷电区与收尘区；含尘烟气流经入口部件、迷宫式气流均布装置、进入荷电区、在进入收尘区，烟气流经净化后由出口部件送入烟窗排放；荷电区与收尘区分别供给高压电压后，荷电区电晕放电产生大量离子与电子，能使经过的颗粒物基本带上饱和电荷，收尘区采用横向的工字型极板，利用静电力与惯性力综合作用将荷电颗粒物沉积在极板上，通过振打粉尘掉入到灰斗中，含尘烟气得到净化。
[0005] 尽管现有技术中已有将预荷电器与电除尘器结合应用的案例，但主要局限于干式电除尘器，湿法脱硫塔后特殊的烟气环境使现有的预荷电技术不适合应用于湿式静电除尘器。而且，现有的预荷电技术与电除尘技术的结合只针对粉尘或液滴等颗粒物进行强化脱除，对S02、NOx等其他污染物则无脱除效果，随着超低排放工作的推进，发展多种污染物深度控制系统，通过将碱液雾化混合器、预荷电器和湿式静电反应器集成设计，并对预荷电采用脉冲电源形成预荷电强化，可实现烟气多种污染物的深度脱除控制。
发明内容
[0006] 本发明提供了一种预荷电强化的湿式静电多种污染物深度控制系统，将预荷电器与湿式静电除尘器有机集成，实现了高效脱除脱硫塔后的石膏液滴和粉尘颗粒，SO3, NOx和
SO2 等。
[0007] 本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
一种预荷电强化的湿式静电多种污染物深度控制系统，该系统包括依次相连的碱液雾化混合器、预荷电器和湿式静电反应器，预荷电器安装于湿式静电反应器的入口处；碱液雾化混合器内部安装有双流体雾化喷嘴和扰流混合板；湿式静电反应器的下方设有出水口，出水口与废水箱管路连接，然后废水箱之后顺序连接有循环水箱、碱液箱和碱液栗，碱液栗与所述双流体雾化喷嘴相连，湿式静电反应器内部设置喷淋装置，循环水箱另设有出水管路与湿式静电反应器的喷淋装置相连，该出水管路上安装有循环过滤栗。碱液雾化混合器的出水口连接至循环水箱。所述的碱液雾化混合器采用双流体喷嘴将碱液在烟道中形成超细雾滴，在扰流混合板的作用下与烟气污染物充分混合并反应，然后经预荷电器进入湿式静电反应器。
[0008] 本发明的原理是:预荷电器与湿式静电反应器分别供给高压电压，预荷电器的高强度脉冲放电可产生大量自由电子、离子和活性组分。自由电子和离子使烟气中的颗粒在进入除尘器前进行部分预荷电，活性组分使N0、S02&生氧化进一步吸收。颗粒和液滴进入湿式静电反应器的第一电场后立即偏转。较少颗粒和液滴被预荷电器捕集，大部分被湿式静电反应器捕集，被捕集的颗粒和液滴通过连续或间歇的喷淋水进行清洗，烟气中多种污染物得到深度净化。碱液雾化混合器产生的碱液雾滴大部分进入湿式静电反应器，在喷淋循环水的作用下进入废水箱，最终进入循环水箱；另一部分被扰流混合板捕集，集中返回到循环水箱。
[0009] 作为优选，预荷电器内包括至少一层的气流均布板、至少两排的电晕极线，所述预荷电器的电晕极线上方布置间歇运行的清灰喷嘴。预荷电器的清灰喷嘴布置于电晕极线上方，进行喷淋时预荷电器不加电压。
[0010] 作为优选，预荷电器与湿式静电反应器的入口集成在一起，通过在气流均布板的前后设置高放电强度的电晕极线，形成预荷电区；有两排或多排电晕极线分别布置于气流均布板的前后，气流均布板接地。
[0011] 作为优选，所述预荷电器的电晕极线和气流均布板间隔布置。
[0012] 作为优选，所述预荷电器采用的电晕极线为多根并行布置的四齿芒刺线，并行电晕极线间距为250mm，电晕极线与气流均布板之间的间距为300mm。
[0013] 作为优选，所述预荷电器的气流均布板即为阳极板，采用316L不锈钢板，均布直径为30mm的圆孔，开孔率为35% — 50%。
[0014] 作为优选，所述的湿式静电反应器采用连续喷淋方式，预荷电器采用间歇喷淋方式。
[0015] 作为优选，所述的双流体雾化喷嘴采用错列或顺列布置，雾化角度当从60° -120°改变时，喷嘴间距的范围为200mm-300mm。
[0016] 作为优选，湿式静电反应器包括电晕电极、收尘极板、喷淋装置、循环水系统、灰斗、除雾器和烟气出口 ；所述湿式静电反应器采用芒刺线或鱼骨线作为放电极线，放电极线为的间距为300mm，所述湿式静电反应器的收尘极板选用乳制沟槽型收尘极板，板间距为300mmo
[0017] 作为优选，预荷电器和湿式静电反应器分别采用单独的供电系统，预荷电器采用峰值电压为90kV的高压脉冲电源；湿式静电反应器供电采用最高电压60kV的高压电源，优先选用高频电源。
[0018] 本发明在不提高设备体积和占地面积的条件下，通过预荷电器与湿式静电反应器的匹配设计克服电晕抑制现象，进一步提高湿式静电反应器的工作性能，实现粉尘排放低于5 mg/m3,同时深度控制其他多种污染物，可应用于燃煤发电、钢铁和硫酸制取等多诸多行业。
[0019] 本发明的有益效果在于通过将碱液雾化混合器、预荷电器和湿式静电反应器进行有机的耦合设计，集成一体。相比于单独的湿式静电除尘器，在增加高设备体积和占地面积的条件下，通过碱液雾化混合器对N0X，302等酸性气体进行深度吸收脱除，通过预荷电器与湿式静电反应器的匹配设计克服电晕抑制现象，进一步提高湿式静电除尘器的工作性能，同时可对酸性气体进行洗涤，实现深度净化控制。
附图说明
[0020] 图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明中预荷电器和湿式静电反应器的结构示意图；
图3为本发明中碱液雾化混合器的俯视结构示意图；
图4为本发明中预荷电器的结构示意图；
图5为图4中预荷电器的左视图；
标号说明:碱液雾化混合器1、双流体雾化喷嘴2、扰流混合板3、碱液栗4、碱液箱5、循环水箱6、循环过滤栗7、废水箱8、湿式静电反应器9、预荷电器10、电晕电极11、灰斗12、除雾器13、电晕极线14，清灰喷嘴15，出水口 16，喷淋装置17，烟气出口 18，气流均布板19。
具体实施方式
[0021] 下面通过具体实施例，对本发明的技术方案作进一步的具体说明。应当理解，本发明的实施并不局限于下面的实施例，对本发明所做的任何形式上的变通和/或改变都将落入本发明保护范围。
[0022] 湿式静电反应器的内部结构为现有技术，非本发明所要研究的重点，在此不做累述。
[0023] 实施例1:
一种预荷电强化的湿式静电多种污染物深度控制系统，如图1、图2和图3所示，该系统包括依次相连的碱液雾化混合器1、预荷电器10和湿式静电反应器9，预荷电器安装于湿式静电反应器的入口处。
[0024] 如图3所示，碱液雾化混合器内部安装有双流体雾化喷嘴2和扰流混合板3。双流体雾化喷嘴2安装在碱液雾化混合器的进口处，扰流混合板3安装在碱液雾化混合器内部的竖直方向上，整体为长条形，其横截面呈折线形，同“<”形状。双流体雾化喷嘴采用错列布置，雾化角度当为60°时，喷嘴间距为200mm。
[0025] 湿式静电反应器包括电晕电极11、收尘极板、喷淋装置17、循环水系统、灰斗12、除雾器13和烟气出口 18 ;所述湿式静电反应器采用芒刺线或鱼骨线作为电晕极线，放电极线为的间距为300mm，所述湿式静电反应器的收尘极板选用乳制沟槽型收尘极板，板间距为300mmo
[0026] 湿式静电反应器9的下方设有出水口 16，出水口与一个废水箱8管路连接，然后废水箱之后顺序连接有循环水箱6、碱液箱5和碱液栗4，碱液栗与所述双流体雾化喷嘴2相连，湿式静电反应器内部设置喷淋装置17，循环水箱另设有出水管路与湿式静电反应器的喷淋装置相连，该出水管路上安装有循环过滤栗7。碱液雾化混合器的出水口连接至循环水箱。
[0027] 如图4和图5所示，预荷电器内包括两层的气流均布板19、两层气流均布板之间有一排电晕极线14，所述预荷电器的电晕极线上方布置间歇运行的清灰喷嘴。预荷电器的清灰喷嘴布置于电晕极线上方，进行喷淋时预荷电器不加电压。预荷电器与湿式静电反应器的入口集成在一起，通过在气流均布板的前后设置高放电强度的电晕极线14，形成预荷电区；有两排或多排电晕极线分别布置于气流均布板的前后，气流均布板接地。预荷电器采用的电晕极线为多根并行布置的四齿芒刺线，并行电晕极线间距为250_，电晕极线与气流均布板之间的间距为300mm。预荷电器的气流均布板即为阳极板，采用316L不锈钢板，均布直径为30mm的圆孔，开孔率为50%。
[0028] 所述预荷电器的电晕极线和气流均布板间隔布置，即两层气流均布板之间有一排电晕极线14。
[0029] 湿式静电反应器采用连续喷淋方式，预荷电器采用间歇喷淋方式。预荷电器和湿式静电反应器分别采用单独的供电系统，预荷电器采用峰值电压为90kV的高压脉冲电源；湿式静电反应器供电采用最高电压60kV的高压电源，优先选用高频电源。
[0030] 工作过程:碱液雾化混合器采用双流体喷嘴将碱液在烟道中形成超细雾滴，在扰流混合板的作用下与烟气污染物充分混合并反应，然后经预荷电器进入湿式静电反应器。预荷电器与湿式静电反应器分别供给高压电压，预荷电器的高强度脉冲放电可产生大量自由电子、离子和活性组分。自由电子和离子使烟气中的颗粒在进入除尘器前进行部分预荷电，活性组分使N0、S02&生氧化进一步吸收。颗粒和液滴进入湿式静电反应器的第一电场后立即偏转。较少颗粒和液滴被预荷电器捕集，大部分被湿式静电反应器捕集，被捕集的颗粒和液滴通过连续或间歇的喷淋水进行清洗，烟气中多种污染物得到深度净化。碱液雾化混合器产生的碱液雾滴大部分进入湿式静电反应器，在喷淋循环水的作用下进入废水箱，最终进入循环水箱；另一部分被扰流混合板捕集，集中返回到循环水箱。
[0031] 在15，000Nm3/h的额定工况下，烟尘入口浓度为50-100mg/m3，入口 302浓度在50-80mg/m3，NOx浓度在50-80mg/m3的条件下，经实际测量，可分别实现粉尘脱除效率大于90%，302脱除效率大于60%，NOx脱除效率大于50%的效果。
[0032] 以上所述的实施例只是本发明的一种较佳的方案，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，在不超出权利要求所记载的技术方案的前提下还有其它的变体及改型。
[0033] 实施例2
本实施例具体方案同实施例1，不同之处在于:
预荷电器内包括一层气流均布板19，在气流均布板的两侧分别布置一排电晕极线，电晕极线与气流均布板间隔布置。
[0034] 碱液雾化混合器内双流体雾化喷嘴采用顺列布置，雾化角度当为120°时，喷嘴间距为300謹。
[0035] 预荷电器的气流均布板即为阳极板，采用316L不锈钢板，均布直径为30mm的圆孔，米用一层气流均布板，米用开孔率为35%。
[0036] 在15，OOONmVh的额定工况下，烟尘入口浓度为50-100mg/m3，入口 302浓度在50-80mg/m3，NOx浓度在50-80mg/m3的条件下，经实际测量，可分别实现粉尘脱除效率大于90%，302脱除效率大于60%，NOx脱除效率大于50%的效果。
[0037] 以上所述的实施例只是本发明的一种较佳的方案，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，在不超出权利要求所记载的技术方案的前提下还有其它的变体及改型。
Claims (10)
1.一种预荷电强化的湿式静电多种污染物深度控制系统，其特征在于:该系统包括依次相连的碱液雾化混合器(I)、预荷电器(10)和湿式静电反应器(9)，预荷电器安装于湿式静电反应器的入口处； 碱液雾化混合器内部安装有双流体雾化喷嘴(2)和扰流混合板(3); 湿式静电反应器的下方设有出水口，出水口与废水箱管路连接，然后废水箱之后顺序连接有循环水箱、碱液箱和碱液栗，碱液栗与所述双流体雾化喷嘴相连， 湿式静电反应器内部设置喷淋装置，循环水箱另设有出水管路与湿式静电反应器的喷淋装置相连，该出水管路上安装有循环过滤栗。
2.根据权利要求1所述的预荷电强化的湿式静电多种污染物深度控制系统，其特征在于:预荷电器内包括至少一层的气流均布板、至少两排的电晕极线，所述预荷电器的电晕极线上方布置间歇运行的清灰喷嘴。
3.根据权利要求2所述的预荷电强化的湿式静电多种污染物深度控制系统，其特征在于:预荷电器与湿式静电反应器的入口集成在一起，通过在气流均布板的前后设置高放电强度的电晕极线，形成预荷电区；有两排或多排电晕极线分别布置于气流均布板的前后，气流均布板接地。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的预荷电强化的湿式静电多种污染物深度控制系统，其特征在于:所述预荷电器的电晕极线和气流均布板间隔布置。
5.根据权利要求2所述的预荷电强化的湿式静电多种污染物深度控制系统，其特征在于:所述预荷电器采用的电晕极线为多根并行布置的四齿芒刺线，并行电晕极线间距为250mm，电晕极线与气流均布板之间的间距为300mm。
6.根据权利要求2所述的预荷电强化的湿式静电多种污染物深度控制系统，其特征在于:所述预荷电器的气流均布板即为阳极板，采用316L不锈钢板，均布直径为30mm的圆孔，开孔率为35% — 50%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的预荷电强化的湿式静电多种污染物深度控制系统，其特征在于:所述的湿式静电反应器采用连续喷淋方式，预荷电器采用间歇喷淋方式。
8.根据权利要求1所述的预荷电强化的湿式静电多种污染物深度控制系统，其特征在于:所述的双流体雾化喷嘴采用错列或顺列布置，雾化角度当从60° -120°改变时，喷嘴间距的范围为200mm-300mm。
9.根据权利要求1所述的预荷电强化的湿式静电多种污染物深度控制系统，其特征在于:湿式静电反应器包括电晕电极、收尘极板、喷淋装置、循环水系统、灰斗、除雾器和烟气出口 ；所述湿式静电反应器采用芒刺线或鱼骨线作为放电极线，放电极线为的间距为300mm，所述湿式静电反应器的收尘极板选用乳制沟槽型收尘极板，板间距为300mm。
10.根据权利要求1所述的预荷电强化的湿式静电多种污染物深度控制系统，其特征在于:预荷电器和湿式静电反应器分别采用单独的供电系统，预荷电器采用峰值电压为90kV的高压脉冲电源；湿式静电反应器供电采用最高电压60kV的高压电源。
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