CN107048603B - 一种防水透气鞋的制作方法 - Google Patents

一种防水透气鞋的制作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107048603B
CN107048603B CN201710284788.7A CN201710284788A CN107048603B CN 107048603 B CN107048603 B CN 107048603B CN 201710284788 A CN201710284788 A CN 201710284788A CN 107048603 B CN107048603 B CN 107048603B
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Prior art keywords
vamp
sole
manufacturing
waterproof breathable
fabric
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CN107048603A (zh
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朱晓英
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Zhu Xiaoying
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Priority to CN201710284788.7A priority Critical patent/CN107048603B/zh
Publication of CN107048603A publication Critical patent/CN107048603A/zh
Priority to US17/058,135 priority patent/US11291272B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2018/084329 priority patent/WO2018196764A1/zh
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种防水透气鞋的制作方法以及该防水透气鞋的鞋面结构，包括鞋底制作、鞋面制作、鞋面与鞋底粘合，所述制作方法具体步骤为：S1：鞋底制作:用开炼机将鞋底材料进行塑炼、混炼，根据设定要求裁片、模压成型，制备鞋底；S2：鞋面制作：依次将作为外层的针织面、聚氨酯层、作为内层的针织面嵌套叠放入模压模具内热压成型；S3：鞋面与鞋底粘合：将鞋面与防水透气鞋鞋底按照尺寸用粘合胶。该鞋灵活轻便，穿在脚上如同一双针织袜子一样灵活轻便，触感优异，同时该鞋的鞋面结构的中间层采用伸缩结构，增强了鞋面结构的防水性与透气性，进一步增强了防水透气鞋的舒适度，满足常规鞋子所具有的使用性能。

Description

一种防水透气鞋的制作方法
技术领域
本发明具体涉及一种防水透气鞋的制作方法。
背景技术
不论是在竞技比赛中还是平时的运动休闲中，足部都是人体直接或间接与外界接触的部位，足部的健康至关重要，对足部的保护因此受到了人们越来越多的关注。而防鞋作为保护足部最为重要的“装备武器”，就必须在最大限度上发挥效能。由于不同运动项目的专项特点不同，必须有针对性地对防水透气鞋加以设计，于是便出现了结构不同、功能不一的防水透气鞋。在体育运动成为时尚、越来越受重视的今天，防水透气鞋的穿着率也越来越高。同时，对鞋的制备要求也越来越高。
目前鞋类产品的加工存在诸多问题，如加工步骤繁复，人力成本较高，加工过程中部分化工原料对环境污染严重等，因此迫切需要成形程度较高的产品代替传统产品。横机编织的鞋面材料(以下简称横编鞋面)，是运用横编技术进行加工生产的鞋面产品，不仅具有轻质透气的特性，且产品成形程度高，采用色纱编织，无需染色定型，就可呈现丰富的色彩及组织花型的变化，整身无拼缝，是减少加工流程，降低环境污染，提高产品整体性的有效手段。
公知的各类轻便鞋子都是由各种耐用的梭织面料织物加以其他轻薄的天然或合成材料经过剪裁后缝合成鞋面再上鞋底而制成。为了提高鞋面加工效率以及使用轻便性，目前的制鞋趋势是向针织鞋面材料发展。由于针织鞋面的鞋子不具备防水功能性，其在雨天或者涉水等户外环境中使用大打折扣，在针织鞋面的鞋子打湿或者进水后不但舒适感全无，而且如果继续运动足部还会产生水泡。但是现有的防水鞋处理技术是在鞋面夹层中加一层比较耐用但是相对厚重的车缝制的防水夹层鞋套，而这一处理就会使鞋子的轻便性丧失。
发明内容
本发明提供一种防水透气鞋的制作方法，包括鞋底制作、鞋面制作、鞋面与鞋底粘合，所述制作方法具体步骤为：
一种防水透气鞋的制作方法，包括鞋底制作、鞋面制作、鞋面与鞋底粘合，所述制作方法具体步骤为：
S1：鞋底制作:用开炼机将各种鞋底材料进行塑炼，将各种鞋底材料分别过辊1～2次后取下，然后再在55℃～65℃范围内，将鞋底材料进行混炼，时间5分钟～8分钟，混炼后用裁片机根据设定要求裁片，并在室温下停放24h模压成型，制备防水透气鞋鞋底。
S2：鞋面制作：用袜机将纱线织成袜体针织面，在编织过程中，对袜体针织面中袜底与袜面的连接处的侧面以及袜筒底部的上表面纬编集圈组织，该集圈组织连续集圈4次，形成织物，集圈组织使得针织面的结构更加紧密，防止鞋面外扩变形，影响穿着的舒适度，同时在不影响鞋面轻巧性能的基础上，增强鞋底与鞋面交接处的防水性，另外袜体针织面在袜筒底部的上表面纬编集圈组织，能够预防针织面套在模具上造成袜口不平整的问题，避免影响鞋面结构的质量；从而制成鞋面半成品，然后依次将作为外层的针织面、两面涂有点状胶的聚氨酯层、作为内层的针织面嵌套叠放入模压模具内，将模压模具放入热压机内于120-150℃环境下进行热压定型处理，模压模具采用文胸热压定型模具，热压1min-2min后冷却，制得一体式防水透气鞋鞋面。
S3：鞋面与鞋底粘合：将鞋面与防水透气鞋鞋底按照尺寸用粘合胶粘合后在50MPa～60MPa的条件下瞬时冲压处理后，静置处理，最后铲除多余胶块制得防水透气鞋。
进一步地，步骤S2中，针织鞋面所用纱线为涤纶或氨纶或锦纶或尼龙或TPU包覆热熔丝或PE包覆钢丝。
在步骤S2中，制得针织鞋面半成品后，对织物进行预处理：将织物放入4％的氢氧化钠溶液中以80℃的条件下浸泡，然后在溶液中加入促进剂，浸泡15min后取出，充分水洗，在50℃的条件下烘干；然后将烘干后的织物浸泡到120℃的含有45㎎/ml聚丙烯处理液和45㎎/ml对二甲苯处理液中，浸泡40min后再加入丁酮溶液,20min后取出织物放在轧车上轧一次，带液率为70％～80％，最后在50℃的真空条件下烘干备用。织物经过碱减量处理后，织物润湿时间缩短，其主要原因是由于织物纤维变细、纤维表面形成凹坑以及织物角质点空隙变大。在此基础上，经聚丙烯预处理后，增加了处理液与织物纤维表面化学反应的位点，在织物表面附着的聚丙烯微球的直径大小在纳米级别，织物表面本身具有微米大小的粗糙度，呈现一种微米-纳米的分级复合结构。这种分级的复合结构对接触角提高有明显的影响，同时也能降低水滴在表面的黏附，使滚动角大大降低。经整理后的棉织物，其与水的接触角大于150°，达到超疏水性能。
其中，上述预处理中对二甲苯和丁酮的体积比为85％∶15％，丁酮作为非溶剂加入后，会改变混合溶剂的溶解度参数，从而降低聚丙烯在溶剂中的溶解度，当选择2-丁酮体积比大于15％时，聚丙烯颗粒不能溶解在混合溶液中。
进一步地，步骤S2中，所述聚氨酯层上表面的相邻胶点的间距控制在3±0.5mm，点胶量控制在0.01±0.005ml，所述聚氨酯层下表面的相邻胶点的间距控制在4±0.5mm，点胶量控制在0.12±0.005ml，且所述聚氨酯层正反两面上的点状胶错位互补。
进一步地，步骤S2中，所述热压机采用文胸热压定型模具，依次将作为外层的针织面、两面涂有点状胶的聚氨酯层、作为内层的针织面嵌套叠放入模压模具内，一次性完成两只鞋面的定型工作，提高生产效率。一种防水透气鞋的鞋面结构，包括外层、中间层和内层，所述中间层的面积大于所述外层与所述内层的面积，所述中间层的内外两面涂有点状胶，所述中间层置于所述外层与所述内层之间通过热压的方式一次胶合成型，精简传统工序，同时增强了鞋面结构的防水透气性能。
进一步地，所述外层与所述内层采用针织构造，所述中间层采用防水透气薄膜结构，且所述中间层为聚氨酯层，既减少了鞋面制作的工序，降低了生产成本，又增加了穿着的舒适度。
进一步地，所述中间层设为横向波浪伸缩结构，当穿上防水透气鞋时，鞋面会拱起，鞋面承受一定的张力，中间层的张力小于所述外层与所述内层，中间层被拉伸后，防水性能大大削弱，影响鞋面的整体疏水性，本发明通过中间层的伸缩结构舒展开来，起到保护中间层的作用，同时保证了防水透气鞋的防水透气性能。
进一步地，所述波浪结构的上方设为三角锯齿状，该锯齿状的角度不大于90°，所述波浪结构的下方设为圆弧状，人脚撑起鞋面，中间层舒展开来，当雨水或者水蒸气透过外层接触所述中间层，水滴在所述中间层上的前进接触角度大于90°，由于水分子之间的吸引力大于水分子与聚氨酯层之间的吸引力，水滴会抱成团不会浸润中间层，故附加毛细压力背向织物干燥侧，而水分子之间的吸引力小于水分子与所述外层之间的吸引力，水滴逐渐浸润在所述外层中；当脚散发的热气通过所述内层散发到所述中间层，所述中间层的下方贴合所述内层，防水透气鞋内的气压大于外界气压，推动热气通过中间层的孔隙散发到所述外层，最终脱离鞋面结构。
进一步地，所述中间层上方的相邻胶点的间距是该中间层上方胶点直径的2倍；所述中间层下方的相邻胶点的间距是该中间层下方胶点直径的2倍，保证有充足的胶水来实现粘结又避免过多胶水浸染在上下两层针织面层，降低鞋面结构的柔软舒适度和透气性能。
综上所述，本发明在制作防水透气鞋时，改善鞋面制作的工艺，对针织面做预处理改性，增加织物表面的粗糙度，增强针织面的疏水性，在两层针织层的中间加设聚氨酯层，并通过点胶技术使中间层形成波浪形的伸缩结构，将该三层结构热压成型构成鞋面结构，又对鞋面的侧边做集圈处理，不仅减少了鞋面制作的工序，降低了生产成本，灵活轻便，穿在脚上如同一双针织袜子一样灵活轻便，触感优异，同时伸缩的中间层进一步增强了鞋面结构的防水性与透气性，进一步增强了防水透气鞋的舒适度，满足常规鞋子所具有的使用性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明的鞋面结构纵向切面示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明公开的一种防水透气鞋的制作方法，包括鞋底制作、鞋面制作、鞋面与鞋底粘合，所述制作方法具体步骤为：
首先，用开炼机将各种鞋底材料进行塑炼，将各种鞋底材料分别过辊1～2次后取下，然后再在55℃～65℃范围内，将鞋底材料进行混炼，时间5分钟～8分钟，混炼后用裁片机根据设定要求裁片，并在室温下停放24h模压成型，制备防水透气鞋鞋底；
其次，用袜机将TPU包覆热熔丝或PE包覆钢丝织成袜体针织面，在编织过程中，对袜体针织面中袜底与袜面的连接处的侧面以及袜筒底部的上表面纬编集圈组织，该集圈组织连续集圈4次，形成织物，集圈组织使得针织面的结构更加紧密，防止鞋面外扩变形，影响穿着的舒适度，同时在不影响鞋面轻巧性能的基础上，增强鞋底与鞋面交接处的防水性，另外袜体针织面在袜筒底部的上表面纬编集圈组织，能够预防针织面套在模具上造成袜口不平整的问题，避免影响鞋面结构的质量；制成鞋面半成品后，依次将作为外层的针织面、两面涂有点状胶的聚氨酯层、作为内层的针织面嵌套叠放入模压模具内，将模压模具放入热压机内于120-150℃环境下进行热压定型处理，所述模压模具采用文胸热压定型模具，能够同时压合两只鞋面的层结构，热压1min-2min后冷却，制得一体式防水透气鞋鞋面，即在鞋面制作的过程中无废料产生，节约原材料，减小成产成本。
上述针织鞋面所用纱线为涤纶或氨纶或锦纶或尼龙或TPU包覆热熔丝或PE包覆钢丝。
上述过程在制得针织鞋面半成品后，对织物进行预处理：将织物放入4％的氢氧化钠溶液中以80℃的条件下浸泡，然后在溶液中加入促进剂，浸泡15min后取出，充分水洗，在50℃的条件下烘干；然后将烘干后的织物浸泡到120℃的含有45㎎/ml聚丙烯处理液和45㎎/ml对二甲苯处理液中，浸泡40min后再加入丁酮溶液,20min后取出织物放在轧车上轧一次，带液率为70％～80％，最后在50℃的真空条件下烘干备用。织物经过碱减量处理后，织物润湿时间缩短，其主要原因是由于织物纤维变细、纤维表面形成凹坑以及织物角质点空隙变大。在此基础上，经聚丙烯预处理后，增加了处理液与织物纤维表面化学反应的位点，在织物表面附着的聚丙烯微球的直径大小在纳米级别，织物表面本身具有微米大小的粗糙度，呈现一种微米-纳米的分级复合结构。这种分级的复合结构对接触角提高有明显的影响，同时也能降低水滴在表面的黏附，使滚动角大大降低。经整理后的棉织物，其与水的接触角大于150°，达到超疏水性能。
其中，所述聚氨酯层上表面的相邻胶点的间距控制在5±1mm，点胶量控制在0.01±0.005ml，所述聚氨酯层下表面的相邻胶点的间距控制在6±1mm，点胶量控制在0.12±0.005ml，例如，所述聚氨酯层上表面的相邻胶点的间距控制在5mm，点胶量控制在0.01ml，所述聚氨酯层下表面的相邻胶点的间距控制在6mm，点胶量控制在0.12ml，且所述聚氨酯层正反两面上的点状胶错位互补，使鞋面结构的中间层形成波浪形的伸缩结构，当穿上防水透气鞋时，鞋面会拱起，鞋面承受一定的张力，中间层的张力小于所述外层与所述内层，中间层被拉伸后，防水性能大大削弱，影响鞋面的整体疏水性，本发明通过中间层的伸缩结构舒展开来，起到保护中间层的作用，同时保证了防水透气鞋的防水透气性能。
最后，粘合鞋面与鞋底，将鞋面与防水透气鞋鞋底按照尺寸用粘合胶粘合后在50MPa～60MPa的条件下瞬时冲压处理后，静置处理，最后铲除多余胶块制得防水透气鞋。
在本制作工艺的基础上，本发明还涉及一种两层鞋面结构的防水透气鞋，其不包含中间的聚氨酯层，通过袜机或者电脑横机将纱线织成的两层针织面，将两层针织面缝合，再与鞋底粘合制得。
同时，该防水透气鞋的鞋面结构，包括外层1、中间层2和内层3，所述中间层3的面积大于所述外层1与所述内层3的面积，所述中间层2的内外两面涂有点状胶，所述中间层置于所述外层1与所述内层3之间通过热压的方式一次胶合成型。
进一步地，所述外层与所述内层采用针织构造，所述中间层采用防水透气薄膜结构。
进一步地，所述中间层为聚氨酯层。
进一步地，所述中间层设为横向波浪伸缩结构，所述波浪结构的上方设为三角锯齿状，该锯齿状的角度不大于90°，所述波浪结构的下方设为圆弧状，人脚撑起鞋面，中间层舒展开来，当雨水或者水蒸气透过外层接触所述中间层，水滴在所述中间层上的前进接触角度大于90°，由于水分子之间的吸引力大于水分子与聚氨酯层之间的吸引力，聚氨酯层的毛细压力背向该聚氨酯层，水滴会抱成团不会浸润中间层，故附加毛细压力背向织物干燥侧，而水分子之间的吸引力小于水分子与所述外层之间的吸引力，水滴逐渐浸润在所述外层中；当脚散发的热气通过所述内层散发到所述中间层，所述中间层的下方贴合所述内层，防水透气鞋内的气压大于外界气压，推动热气通过中间层的孔隙散发到所述外层，最终脱离鞋面结构。
进一步地，所述中间层上方的相邻胶点的间距是该中间层上方胶点直径的2倍；所述中间层下方的相邻胶点的间距是该中间层下方胶点直径的2倍，例如，所述中间层上方的相邻胶点的间距控制在5mm，该中间层上方胶点直径为2.5㎜，所述中间层上方的相邻胶点的间距控制在6mm，该中间层上方胶点直径为3㎜，保证有充足的胶水来实现粘结又避免过多胶水浸染在上下两层针织面层，降低鞋面结构的柔软舒适度和透气性能。
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种防水透气鞋的制作方法，包括鞋底制作、鞋面制作、鞋面与鞋底粘合，其特征在于，所述制作方法具体步骤为：
S1：鞋底制作:用开炼机将各种鞋底材料进行塑炼，将各种鞋底材料分别过辊1～2次后取下，然后再在55℃～65℃范围内，将鞋底材料进行混炼，时间5分钟～8分钟，混炼后用裁片机根据设定要求裁片，并在室温下停放24h模压成型，制备防水透气鞋鞋底；
S2：鞋面制作：用袜机将纱线织成袜体针织面，在编织过程中，对袜体针织面中袜底与袜面的连接处的侧面以及袜筒底部的上表面纬编集圈组织，该集圈组织连续集圈4次，形成织物，制成鞋面半成品，然后对织物进行预处理：将织物放入4％的氢氧化钠溶液中以80℃的条件下浸泡，然后在溶液中加入促进剂，浸泡15min后取出，充分水洗，在50℃的条件下烘干；然后将烘干后的织物浸泡到120℃的含有45㎎/ml聚丙烯处理液和45㎎/ml对二甲苯处理液中，浸泡40min后再加入丁酮溶液,20min后取出织物放在轧车上轧一次，带液率为70％～80％，最后在50℃的真空条件下烘干备用，最后依次将作为外层的针织面、两面涂有点状胶的聚氨酯层、作为内层的针织面嵌套叠放入模压模具内，将模压模具放入热压机内于120-150℃环境下进行热压定型处理，其中所述模压模具采用文胸热压定型模具，热压1min-2min后冷却，制得一体式防水透气鞋鞋面；
S3：鞋面与鞋底粘合：将鞋面与防水透气鞋鞋底按照尺寸用粘合胶粘合后在50MPa～60MPa的条件下瞬时冲压处理后，静置处理，最后铲除多余胶块制得防水透气鞋。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水透气鞋的制作方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中，针织鞋面所用纱线为常规袜机原料或TPU包覆热熔丝或PE包覆钢丝。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水透气鞋的制作方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中，所述聚氨酯层上表面的相邻胶点的间距控制在5±1mm，点胶量控制在0.01±0.005ml，所述聚氨酯层下表面的相邻胶点的间距控制在6±1mm，点胶量控制在0.12±0.005ml，且所述聚氨酯层正反两面上的点状胶错位互补。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水透气鞋的制作方法，其特征在于，对二甲苯和丁酮的体积比为85％∶15％。
5.一种由权利要求1至4任一项所述制备方法制得的防水透气鞋。
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