CN107048361B - Red date and herba cistanches pomegranate rind composite enzyme and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Red date and herba cistanches pomegranate rind composite enzyme and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107048361B CN107048361B CN201710235971.8A CN201710235971A CN107048361B CN 107048361 B CN107048361 B CN 107048361B CN 201710235971 A CN201710235971 A CN 201710235971A CN 107048361 B CN107048361 B CN 107048361B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Abstract
The invention discloses a red date and herba cistanches pomegranate rind composite enzyme and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding water into red dates, pomegranate rind and herba cistanches, and juicing or grinding the red dates, the pomegranate rind and the herba cistanches to obtain pulp; mixing pectinase, cellulase and xylanase serving as a complex enzyme with the slurry, and carrying out enzymolysis at 50-60 ℃ for 3-4 hours to obtain an enzymolysis liquid; the adding mass of the complex enzyme is 0.2-0.6% of the mass of the slurry; using saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria as seed liquid, inoculating the seed liquid into enzymolysis liquid, inoculating the seed liquid into the enzymolysis liquid with the mass being 2-4% of the weight of the enzymolysis liquid, and fermenting for 50-60 days at 28-32 ℃ to obtain fermentation liquid; and concentrating the fermentation liquor to obtain the red date and herba cistanches pomegranate rind composite enzyme. The whole preparation process does not add any chemical substance or additive, and has multiple health care effects of better oxidation resistance, aging resistance, organism immunity enhancement, cancer inhibition, cancer prevention, physical strength, fatigue resistance, kidney yang tonifying, menstrual blood benefiting and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a ferment, and in particular relates to a red date and herba cistanches pomegranate rind composite ferment and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The ferment is prepared from pure plants such as various plants, vegetables, fruits, seeds, herbal medicines, seaweed and the like. The main components of the ferment are various edible ferments, and also microelements, mineral substances, vitamins, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates and the like, and the ferment has the characteristics of pure nature. However, the plant materials such as the selected plants, vegetables and fruits, seeds, herbs and the like are different, and the specific preparation method is different according to different manufacturers, and the main components of the plant materials are also different.
Herba cistanches, also known as caulis Bambusae in Taenia, herba Hyperici Japonici, herba cistanches, and herba cistanches refers to dry succulent stem with scale leaf of herba cistanches or cistanche tubulosa belonging to Orobanchaceae. The record of the pharmacopoeia records that cistanche deserticola is sweet in taste, salty and warm in nature, has the effects of tonifying kidney yang, benefiting menstrual blood, relaxing bowel and the like, and is used for treating soreness and weakness of waist and knees, weakness of bones and muscles, impotence, infertility of women, constipation due to intestinal dryness and the like. The chemical components mainly comprise phenylethanoid glycosides, iridoid glycosides, lignins, amino acids, saccharides, hydrocarbons, alkaloids, flavonoids, D-mannitol, beta-sitosterol, alcohol and the like. Modern pharmacological research also proves that the cistanche has the effects of tonifying the kidney, strengthening yang, relaxing bowel, resisting fatigue, resisting aging, enhancing the immunity of the organism, enhancing the memory and the like. Based on the multiple effects of the cistanche, on the basis of further developing the research of effective parts and active ingredients, the cistanche is expected to be developed into the medicines with the effects of improving sexual function, resisting senile dementia, protecting the liver, relaxing the bowels, assisting in treating tumors, resisting radiation and the like, and can be developed into health-care products for athletes for enhancing physical strength, resisting fatigue and delaying fatigue.
Pomegranate rind is the dried pericarp of pomegranate and contains many substances and amino acids. The pomegranate bark contains 10.4-21.3% of tannin, 0.8% of wax, 4.5% of resin, 1.8% of mannitol, 2.7% of sugar, 3.2% of gum, 1.0% of inulin, 0.6% of mucilage, 4.0% of gallic acid, malic acid, pectin, calcium oxalate, isoquercitrin, punicine and the like. The pomegranate rind contains amino acids such as aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, etc., wherein the content of glutamic acid is the highest, about 0.97g per 100g of pomegranate rind, and histidine is the next. Pomegranate rind also contains various elements. In terms of pharmacological action, the pomegranate rind is sour and astringent in taste, and has the effects of astringing intestines to stop bleeding and killing parasites. It is mainly used for treating bacillary dysentery, amebic dysentery and various infectious diseases. Tannin in pericarpium Granati has effects of solidifying protoplasm in microorganism and affecting various enzymes, inhibiting various bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and regulating immunity.
The research on ferment in the prior art mainly has the following defects: 1) the raw materials are not treated, the direct fermentation utilization rate is low, and the extraction rate of enzyme active substances is low. 2) The pure fermentation strain metabolite has single function and no characteristics; the fermentation mode adopts the traditional natural flora fermentation, the modern compound pure fermentation or the combination of the traditional natural flora fermentation and the modern compound pure fermentation, and is too traditional and innovated; 3) the enzyme has poor biological activity and stability and short shelf life; 4) poor adaptability to taste and flavor and low appetite.
At present, no method for preparing the compound enzyme by taking red date and herba cistanches and pomegranate rind as raw materials is researched.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a red date and herba cistanches pomegranate rind compound enzyme and a preparation method thereof. No chemical component or additive is added in the whole process, so that the loss of the biological activity of the finished enzyme product is reduced to the maximum extent, and the enzyme can exert the maximum activity after being taken by a human body.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a preparation method of a red date and herba cistanches-pomegranate rind composite enzyme, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 6-8 parts by weight of red dates, 2-3 parts by weight of pomegranate peels and 0.5-1 part by weight of herba cistanches into water, and juicing or grinding the mixture according to the material-water ratio of 1: 3-5 to obtain pulp;
(2) mixing pectinase, cellulase and xylanase serving as a complex enzyme with the slurry obtained in the step (1), and carrying out enzymolysis at 50-60 ℃ for 3-4 hours to obtain an enzymolysis liquid;
the adding mass of the complex enzyme is 0.2-0.6% of the mass of the slurry;
(3) inoculating saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria serving as seed liquid into the enzymolysis liquid in the step (2), inoculating the seed liquid into the enzymolysis liquid with the mass being 2-4% of the weight of the enzymolysis liquid, and fermenting for 50-60 days at 28-32 ℃ to obtain fermentation liquid; the total concentration of the yeast, the lactic acid bacteria and the acetic acid bacteria in the seed liquid is 105～108CFU/mL；
(4) And (4) concentrating the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (3) to obtain the red date and herba cistanches-pomegranate rind composite enzyme.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the pectinase to the cellulase to the xylanase is 2-4: 3-5: 1 to 3.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the yeast, the lactic acid bacteria and the acetic acid bacteria is 0.8-1.2: 0.4-0.6: 0.4 to 0.6.
Further preferably, the yeast is one or more of beer yeast, baker's yeast and wine yeast.
Further preferably, the lactic acid bacteria are lactobacillus plantarum.
More preferably, the preservation number of the lactobacillus plantarum is CCTCC No: m2015453.
Preferably, in the step (4), the concentration conditions are as follows: and (4) carrying out low-temperature vacuum concentration on the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (3) at a vacuum degree of 0.05-0.1 MPa and a temperature of 40-45 ℃.
Preferably, the concentration is carried out in a water bath in a rotating mode, the fermentation liquor is evaporated to 1/2-1/3 of the original volume, and the red date and herba cistanches-pomegranate rind composite enzyme is obtained.
Preferably, the red dates are precooked and pitted prior to use.
The invention also discloses the red date and herba cistanches-pomegranate rind composite enzyme prepared by the method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention takes red dates, herba cistanches and pomegranate rind as raw materials, and prepares the compound enzyme by adopting methods of enzymolysis and microbial fermentation. No chemical substance or additive is added in the whole preparation process, and the ferment with high biological activity is obtained by adopting a biological enzymolysis and fermentation method.
(2) According to the invention, pectinase, cellulase and xylanase are adopted to decompose macromolecular substances in red dates, herba cistanches and pomegranate rind, and the obtained enzymolysis liquid is more beneficial to fermentation of microorganisms, so that the fermentation efficiency is improved.
(3) According to the invention, multiple strains of saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria are adopted to ferment the enzymatic hydrolysate, and the metabolites are diverse, so that the ferment obtained by fermentation contains multiple beneficial components, and has the advantages of diverse health care functions, rich taste and flavor and good adaptability.
(4) The compound enzyme has the health-care functions of three raw materials, and converts macromolecular components into micromolecular active components after compound enzymolysis and microbial fermentation, so that the compound enzyme has multiple health-care effects of better resisting oxidation and aging, enhancing the immunity of organisms, inhibiting and preventing cancers, enhancing physical strength and fatigue, tonifying kidney yang and benefiting menstrual blood and the like.
(5) The pomegranate rind is a byproduct of pomegranate processing, and the total polyphenol content reaches 10%. The method disclosed by the invention is used for deeply utilizing the pomegranate rind, reasonably utilizing the waste resource and using the pomegranate rind for producing the plant enzyme, so that a basis is provided for utilization of medicinal value of the pomegranate rind, development of related products and standardized production.
Biological preservation Instructions
Lactobacillus plantarum is preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) in 2015, 7 months and 14 days, and the address is Wuhan university in Wuhan, China, and the preservation number of the strain is CCTCC No: m2015453.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the result of a single-factor test of the addition of pectinase;
FIG. 2 shows the results of a single-factor test of the amount of cellulose added;
FIG. 3 shows the result of a single-factor test of xylanase addition;
FIG. 4 shows the results of a single-factor test of the enzymolysis temperature;
FIG. 5 shows the results of a single-factor test of the enzymatic hydrolysis time;
FIG. 6 shows the results of a single-factor test of the ratio of liquid to feed.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of a red date and herba cistanches-pomegranate rind composite enzyme, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 6-8 parts by weight of red dates, 2-3 parts by weight of pomegranate peels and 0.5-1 part by weight of herba cistanches into water, and juicing or grinding the mixture according to the material-water ratio of 1: 3-5 to obtain pulp;
(2) mixing pectinase, cellulase and xylanase serving as a complex enzyme with the slurry obtained in the step (1), and carrying out enzymolysis at 50-60 ℃ for 3-4 hours to obtain an enzymolysis liquid;
the adding mass of the complex enzyme is 0.2-0.6% of the mass of the slurry;
(3) inoculating saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria serving as seed liquid into the enzymolysis liquid in the step (2), inoculating the seed liquid into the enzymolysis liquid with the mass being 2-4% of the weight of the enzymolysis liquid, and fermenting for 50-60 days at 28-32 ℃ to obtain fermentation liquid; the total concentration of the yeast, the lactic acid bacteria and the acetic acid bacteria in the seed liquid is 105～108CFU/mL；
(4) And (4) concentrating the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (3) to obtain the red date and herba cistanches-pomegranate rind composite enzyme.
According to the invention, the red dates, the herba cistanches and the pomegranate rind are used as raw materials to prepare the composite enzyme, so that the prepared composite enzyme contains the functions and effects of the red dates, the herba cistanches and the pomegranate rind, and the health-care range of the enzyme is increased. The red dates are used as a main raw material, and part of pomegranate rind which is often used as a processing byproduct and traditional Chinese medicine herba cistanches with various health-care effects are added, so that the health-care components in the compound enzyme are improved.
In the invention, the addition amount of the red dates is 6-8 parts by weight, and preferably 7 parts by weight. The invention has no special limitation on the source and variety of red dates, and only needs to use the commercial red dates. In the embodiment of the invention, Xinjiang Hotan red dates are adopted, the Xinjiang Hotan red dates are sweet and delicious in taste and rich in nutrition, the edible part of each 100g of fresh dates contains 24% of sugar, and also contains mineral elements and various vitamins necessary for human bodies, such as protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron and the like, particularly, the content of Vc in the edible part of each 100g of fresh dates is up to 540mg, is 100 times higher than that of apples and 7-10 times higher than that of oranges, has the effects of nourishing blood and tonifying spleen, tonifying five internal organs, treating deficiency and damage and the like, and has good curative effects on various diseases such as hypertension, liver cirrhosis and the like.
In order to facilitate enzymolysis of the red dates, the red dates are preferably pre-cooked and then denucleated. The invention firstly washes fresh red dates with flowing water to remove impurities such as adhered soil. The method for pre-cooking and removing the kernels of the red dates is not specially limited, and the red dates are pre-cooked by adopting a conventional method in the field to achieve the degree of convenient removal of the kernels. In the specific embodiment of the invention, the red dates are pre-boiled in water at 100 ℃, wherein the pre-boiling time is 10-20 min, and further 13-17 min. Removing core from the pre-cooked fructus Jujubae. The method for removing the pits is not particularly limited, and manual pit removal or mechanical pit removal can be adopted. The denucleated red dates are used for juicing or grinding into thick liquid.
The added pomegranate rind accounts for 2-3 parts by weight, and preferably 2.2-2.8 parts by weight. The invention has no special limitation on the source of the pomegranate rind and the variety of the pomegranate, and can adopt the processing by-products of the commercial pomegranate products. The pomegranate rind has the effect of polyphenol substances in fruits, wherein the content of the pomegranate rind is the most abundant. The pomegranate rind accounts for 20-30% of the pomegranate, and most of the pomegranate rind is discarded except a few medicinal materials at present. Therefore, the development and utilization of the biological resource have important theoretical significance and practical application value. In the specific embodiment of the invention, the pomegranate rind is preferably a pomegranate variety planted in Xinjiang. The pomegranate rind used in the invention is preferably used for squeezing juice or grinding pulp after the pomegranate rind is crushed into small pieces.
The herba cistanches are added in an amount of 0.5-1 part by weight, and further 0.7-0.8 part by weight. Based on various effects of herba cistanches, the medicine is expected to be developed into medicines with various effects of improving sexual function, resisting senile dementia, protecting liver, relaxing bowels, assisting tumor treatment, resisting radiation and the like, and can be developed into health care products for athletes for enhancing physical strength, resisting fatigue and delaying senility. The herba cistanches can be used as both medicine and food, has delicious and unique taste, and has nourishing function. According to the invention, the herba cistanches are preferably crushed into small pieces and then used for juicing or grinding.
The red date, the pomegranate rind and the herba cistanches are added with water and then are squeezed or ground into pulp according to a certain material-water ratio to obtain pulp. The invention has no special limitation on the juicing equipment, and can be used for juicing by adopting a commercially available juicer. The invention can also grind the raw materials into pulp. The pulp is prepared on the principle that the raw material blocks cannot be obviously observed by naked eyes in the process of juicing or pulping. The obtained slurry is used for enzymolysis of complex enzyme. The red dates, the herba cistanches and the pomegranate rind are squeezed or ground into pulp to obtain pulp, so that the contact area between the raw materials and the complex enzyme is increased, the raw materials and the complex enzyme can be in full contact, and the enzymolysis process is more thorough.
The invention carries out enzymolysis on the obtained slurry by using complex enzyme. The complex enzyme in the invention is complex enzyme containing pectinase, cellulase and xylanase. The invention carries out single-factor test and multi-factor test on the enzymolysis of the compound enzyme so as to determine the optimal enzymolysis condition.
The composite enzymatic hydrolysis single factor test is as follows:
(1) the dosage of the pectinase is as follows: under the conditions that the enzymolysis temperature is 50 ℃, the enzymolysis time is 4 hours and the ratio of water to raw material is 1:3, different enzyme adding amounts (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5%) are adopted to extract juice, and the influence of the enzyme adding amount on the juice extracting effect is researched. The results show that: when the addition amount of the pectinase is 0.3%, the content of soluble solids in the enzymatic hydrolysate reaches the maximum value;
(2) the dosage of the cellulase is as follows: under the conditions that the enzymolysis temperature is 50 ℃, the enzymolysis time is 4 hours and the ratio of water to raw material is 1:3, different enzyme adding amounts (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5%) are adopted to extract juice, and the influence of the enzyme adding amount on the juice extracting effect is researched. The results show that: when the addition amount of the cellulase is 0.4%, the content of soluble solids in the enzymolysis liquid reaches the maximum value.
(3) Dosage of xylanase: under the conditions that the enzymolysis temperature is 50 ℃, the enzymolysis time is 4 hours and the ratio of water to raw material is 1:3, different enzyme adding amounts (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5%) are adopted to extract juice, and the influence of the enzyme adding amount on the juice extracting effect is researched. The results show that: when the addition amount of the xylanase is 0.2%, the content of soluble solids in the enzymatic hydrolysate reaches the maximum value.
(4) Enzymolysis temperature: enzymolysis was carried out at different temperatures (30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃) for 4 hours, 0.3% of pectinase, 0.4% of cellulase, 0.2% of xylanase, and water as the raw material at a ratio of 1:3, and the influence of the enzymolysis temperature on the enzymolysis effect was studied. The results show that: the content of soluble solid in the enzymolysis liquid reaches the maximum value when the enzymolysis temperature is 50 ℃.
(5) And (3) enzymolysis time: enzymolysis is carried out for different enzymolysis times (1h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 5h, 6h, 7h and 8h) under the conditions that the enzymolysis temperature is 50 ℃, the pectinase is 0.3%, the cellulase is 0.4%, the xylanase is 0.2% and the raw material water is 1:4, and the influence of the enzymolysis time on the enzymolysis effect is researched. The results show that: the enzymolysis time is 4-5 hours, and the content of soluble solids in the enzymolysis liquid reaches the maximum value;
(6) the material-liquid ratio: carrying out enzymolysis test by using water with the addition amount of 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, 5 times, 6 times and 7 times of the weight of the raw materials under the conditions of enzymolysis temperature of 50 ℃, enzymolysis time of 4 hours, pectinase 0.3%, cellulase 0.4% and xylanase 0.2%, and researching the influence of the water addition amount on the enzymolysis effect. The results show that: when the material-liquid ratio is 1: 4-5, the content of soluble solids in the enzymatic hydrolysate is relatively high, and the viscosity of the enzymatic hydrolysate is relatively good.
The composite enzymatic orthogonal assay was as follows:
selecting L4(32) And performing a three-factor two-level orthogonal test on the orthogonal table to determine the optimized process conditions. Soluble solid, reducing sugar and total sugar content are taken as test indexes.
TABLE 1 Complex enzyme addition amount orthogonal test factor horizon
Selecting L9(43) And performing a four-factor three-level orthogonal test on the orthogonal table to determine the optimized process conditions. Soluble solid, reducing sugar and total sugar content are taken as test indexes. (the levels of the factors are shown in Table 2)
TABLE 2 Compound enzyme Quadrature test factor levels
TABLE 3 Compound enzymolysis orthogonal test results
As can be seen from the orthogonal test table 3, the optimum combination in the 9 tests is test No. 9, i.e., A3B3C2D1, and the amount of change in the soluble solid content is 2.25%; next, test No. 3, test A1B3C3D3, had a 1.25% change in soluble solids content. According to the size of the range R, determining the major and minor factors of the influencing factors as B > A > D > C, and the optimal proportion as A3B3C2D1, namely the addition of the mixed enzyme is 0.48%, the enzymolysis temperature is 55 ℃, the enzymolysis time is 4h, and the feed-liquid ratio is 1:3.
The preferable enzymolysis conditions of the invention are obtained through the above tests:
the invention adds water into red date, pomegranate rind and herba cistanches to carry out juicing or grinding to obtain pulp. The material-water ratio of the slurry is 1: 3-5, and the preferable ratio is 1: 3.5-4.5. In the compound enzyme, the weight ratio of pectinase, cellulase and xylanase is preferably 2-4: 3-5: 1-3 has better enzymolysis effect. And mixing the complex enzyme and the slurry, and then fermenting. In the invention, the addition amount of the complex enzyme is 0.2-0.6% of the mass of the slurry, and preferably 0.3-0.5%. The enzymolysis temperature of the method is 50-60 ℃, and preferably 54-58 ℃. The enzymolysis time is 3-4 hours, preferably 3.2-3.7 hours. After the slurry is subjected to enzymolysis by the complex enzyme, macromolecular substances in the slurry are decomposed into small molecular substances beneficial to microbial fermentation, so that the utilization rate of the raw materials in the fermentation liquor by the microbes in the fermentation process is improved.
And fermenting the enzymolysis liquid with microbial seed liquid to prepare fermentation liquid.
The microorganisms used in the invention are saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria, and the weight ratio of the microorganisms is 0.8-1.2: 0.4-0.6: 0.4 to 0.6. Wherein the yeast is one or more of beer yeast, baker's yeast and wine yeast. The source of the yeast is not specially limited, and the yeast can be commercially available. The lactobacillus is lactobacillus plantarum, preferably a strain separated from yogurt which is a traditional national dairy product in Xinjiang, is preserved in China center for type culture collection, and has the preservation number of CCTCC No: m2015453. The lactobacillus plantarum used in the invention has the characteristics of high exopolysaccharide yield, and the exopolysaccharide yield is 383.2 mug/mL. The acetic acid bacteria are acetobacter, the source of the acetic acid bacteria is not particularly limited, and the acetic acid bacteria can be obtained by adopting a commercially available product.
The process for preparing the seed liquid of the present invention may be prepared by a conventional method in the art. Specifically, the yeast is cultured by using a malt extract culture medium, the lactic acid bacteria is cultured by using an MRS culture medium, and the acetic acid bacteria is cultured by using an acetic acid bacteria culture medium. The culture temperature is 25-30 ℃, preferably 26-28 ℃. And culturing the strains, and performing amplification culture in the logarithmic phase of strain growth to obtain the seed solution.
And (3) mixing seed liquid containing saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria according to the proportion, and inoculating the seed liquid into the prepared enzymolysis liquid for fermentation. The total concentration of the yeast, the lactic acid bacteria and the acetic acid bacteria in the seed liquid is 105～108CFU/mL, more preferably 106～107CFU/mL; preferably, the inoculation mass of the seed liquid is 2-4% of the weight of the enzymolysis liquid, and more preferably 2.5-3.5%. In the invention, the fermentation temperature of the enzymolysis liquid is 28-32 ℃, and preferably 29-31 ℃; the fermentation time is 50-60 days, and preferably 54-58 days. After microbial fermentation, the content of soluble solids and the content of total sugar in the fermentation liquor are obviously reduced, the content of reducing sugar is increased, and the content of total acid is 4.9-5.1 g/L.
And (3) concentrating fermentation liquor obtained after microbial fermentation to obtain the red date and herba cistanches-pomegranate rind composite enzyme. In the present invention, it is preferable to perform the concentration under vacuum at a low temperature to maximally retain the biological activity of the enzyme. Preferably, the low-temperature vacuum concentration conditions of the invention are as follows: the vacuum degree is 0.08-0.1 MPa; the temperature is 40 to 45 ℃ and further 42 to 44 ℃. The fermentation liquor is subjected to water bath rotary evaporation under the low-temperature vacuum condition until the volume of the fermentation liquor is concentrated to 1/2-1/3 of the original volume, and the red date and herba cistanches-pomegranate rind composite enzyme is obtained. The low-temperature vacuum concentration process can improve the concentration efficiency, save energy and furthest preserve the activity of probiotics.
The invention also discloses the red date and herba cistanches-pomegranate rind composite enzyme prepared by the method. The ferment has health promotion functions of three raw materials, and after compound enzymolysis and microbial fermentation, macromolecular components are converted into micromolecular active components, and has multiple health promotion effects of resisting oxidation and aging, enhancing organism immunity, suppressing and preventing cancer, enhancing physical strength and resisting fatigue, invigorating kidney yang and benefiting menstrual blood.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Cleaning 6kg fresh fructus Jujubae with flowing water, removing impurities such as adhered mud, placing fructus Jujubae in water, heating at 100 deg.C to pre-boil fructus Jujubae for 16min, and removing core from the pre-boiled fructus Jujubae. Crushing 2kg of pomegranate rind and 0.5kg of herba cistanches into small pieces, pouring the small pieces together with the denucleated red dates into a juice extractor, adding water according to the material-water ratio of 1:4, and pulping until no obvious fruit pulp can be seen by naked eyes, thereby obtaining pulp.
And mixing pectinase, cellulase and xylanase according to the mass ratio of 2:3:1 to obtain the complex enzyme. Adding complex enzyme with the mass of 0.31 percent of the slurry into the slurry, and carrying out enzymolysis for 4 hours at 50 ℃ to obtain enzymolysis liquid.
Respectively inoculating yeast, lactobacillus and acetic acid bacteria in culture medium, culturing at 26 deg.C, and enlarging culture to obtain seed liquid. Sterilizing the enzymolysis liquid at 115 ℃ for 15min, and inoculating yeast, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria in a weight ratio of 0.8: 0.4: 0.4 seed liquid, the total concentration of yeast, lactobacillus and acetic acid bacteria in the seed liquid is 108CFU/mL, the inoculation amount of the seed liquid is 2 percent of the weight of the enzymolysis liquid, and the fermentation is carried out for 60 days at the temperature of 28 ℃ to obtain the fermentation liquid.
And (3) rotating the fermentation liquor in a water bath at the temperature of 40 ℃ and under the vacuum degree of 0.1MPa, and evaporating to 1/2-1/3 of the original volume of the fermentation liquor to obtain the red date and herba cistanches-pomegranate rind composite enzyme.
Example 2
Washing 8kg fresh fructus Jujubae with flowing water, removing impurities such as adhered mud, placing fructus Jujubae in water, heating at 100 deg.C for 20min, and removing core from the pre-cooked fructus Jujubae. Crushing 3kg of pomegranate rind and 1kg of herba cistanches into small pieces, pouring the small pieces together with the denucleated red dates into a juice extractor, adding water according to the material-water ratio of 1:5, and pulping until obvious fruit pulp pieces cannot be seen by naked eyes to obtain pulp.
And mixing pectinase, cellulase and xylanase according to a mass ratio of 4:5:3 to obtain the complex enzyme. Adding complex enzyme with the mass of 0.37 percent of the slurry into the slurry, and carrying out enzymolysis for 4 hours at 60 ℃ to obtain enzymolysis liquid.
Respectively inoculating yeast, lactobacillus and acetic acid bacteria in culture medium, culturing at 28 deg.C, and enlarging culture to obtain seed liquid. Sterilizing the enzymolysis liquid at 115 ℃ for 15min, and inoculating yeast, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria in a weight ratio of 1.2: 0.6: 0.5 seed liquid, the total concentration of yeast, lactobacillus and acetic acid bacteria in the seed liquid is 107CFU/mL, the inoculation amount of the seed liquid is 4% of the weight of the enzymolysis liquid, and the fermentation is carried out for 50d at 32 ℃ to obtain the fermentation liquid.
And (3) performing water bath rotation on the fermentation liquor at the vacuum degree of 0.08MPa and the temperature of 45 ℃, and evaporating to 1/2-1/3 of the original volume of the fermentation liquor to obtain the red date and herba cistanches-pomegranate rind composite enzyme.
Example 3
Washing 7kg fresh fructus Jujubae with flowing water, removing impurities such as adhered mud, placing fructus Jujubae in water, heating at 100 deg.C to pre-boil fructus Jujubae for 14min, and removing core from the pre-boiled fructus Jujubae. Crushing 2kg of pomegranate rind and 0.6kg of herba cistanches into small pieces, pouring the small pieces together with the denucleated red dates into a juice extractor, adding water according to the material-water ratio of 1:3, and pulping until no obvious fruit pulp can be seen by naked eyes, thereby obtaining pulp.
And mixing pectinase, cellulase and xylanase according to a mass ratio of 3:4:2 to obtain the complex enzyme. Adding complex enzyme with the mass of 0.48 percent of the slurry into the slurry, and carrying out enzymolysis for 4 hours at the temperature of 55 ℃ to obtain an enzymolysis liquid.
Respectively inoculating yeast, lactobacillus and acetic acid bacteria in culture medium, culturing at 30 deg.C, and enlarging culture to obtain seed liquid. Sterilizing the enzymolysis liquid at 115 ℃ for 15min, and inoculating yeast, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria in a weight ratio of 1.0: 0.5: 0.4 seed liquid, the total concentration of yeast, lactobacillus and acetic acid bacteria in the seed liquid is 106CFU/mL, the inoculation amount of the seed liquid is 3 percent of the weight of the enzymolysis liquid, and the fermentation is carried out for 55d at the temperature of 30 ℃ to obtain the fermentation liquid.
And (3) performing water bath rotation on the fermentation liquor at the vacuum degree of 0.09MPa and the temperature of 42 ℃, and evaporating to 1/2-1/3 of the original volume of the fermentation liquor to obtain the red date and herba cistanches-pomegranate rind composite enzyme.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The preparation method of the red date and herba cistanches-pomegranate rind composite enzyme is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding 6-8 parts by weight of red dates, 2-3 parts by weight of pomegranate peels and 0.5-1 part by weight of herba cistanches into water, and juicing or grinding the mixture according to the material-water ratio of 1: 3-5 to obtain pulp;
(2) mixing pectinase, cellulase and xylanase serving as a complex enzyme with the slurry obtained in the step (1), and carrying out enzymolysis at 50-60 ℃ for 3-4 hours to obtain an enzymolysis liquid;
the adding mass of the complex enzyme is 0.2-0.6% of the mass of the slurry;
(3) inoculating saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria serving as seed liquid into the enzymolysis liquid in the step (2), inoculating the seed liquid into the enzymolysis liquid with the mass being 2-4% of the weight of the enzymolysis liquid, and fermenting for 50-60 days at 28-32 ℃ to obtain fermentation liquid; the total concentration of the yeast, the lactic acid bacteria and the acetic acid bacteria in the seed liquid is 105～108CFU/mL；
(4) Concentrating the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (3) to obtain the red date and herba cistanches-pomegranate rind composite enzyme;
the weight ratio of the yeast, the lactic acid bacteria and the acetic acid bacteria is 0.8-1.2: 0.4-0.6: 0.4 to 0.6;
the lactobacillus is lactobacillus plantarum, and the preservation number is CCTCC No: m2015453;
the yeast is one or more of beer yeast, baker's yeast and wine yeast;
the weight ratio of the pectinase to the cellulase to the xylanase is 2-4: 3-5: 1 to 3.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (4), the concentrating is: and (4) carrying out low-temperature vacuum concentration on the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (3) at a vacuum degree of 0.05-0.1 MPa and a temperature of 40-45 ℃.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the concentration is performed in a water bath in a rotating manner, and the fermentation liquid is evaporated to 1/2-1/3 of the original volume, so that the red date and the herba cistanches and pomegranate rind composite enzyme is obtained.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the red dates are precooked and pitted prior to use.
5. The red date and Chinese herba pomegranate rind complex enzyme prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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| CN108030897A (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2018-05-15 | 胡广 | A kind of Chinese medicine ferment for treating prostate cancer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN111296828B (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2022-04-22 | 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | Preparation method of pomegranate peel enzyme powder capsule |
| CN114176216A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2022-03-15 | 赵善廷 | Preparation method of multi-strain step-by-step fermented red date enzyme |
| CN114958946B (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2024-03-26 | 山西勰成生物科技有限公司 | Preparation method of fermented red date chelated peptide iron |
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