CN1070468A - 一氧化碳和氢气生产方法和装置 - Google Patents

一氧化碳和氢气生产方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1070468A
CN1070468A CN92110388A CN92110388A CN1070468A CN 1070468 A CN1070468 A CN 1070468A CN 92110388 A CN92110388 A CN 92110388A CN 92110388 A CN92110388 A CN 92110388A CN 1070468 A CN1070468 A CN 1070468A
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J·比利
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George Cloud Technology Research And Development Co ltd
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Abstract

三塔的加热和/或冷却由闭式氮气循环得以保 证。一氧化碳以液态从第三塔抽出，然后用泵达到应 用压力并在该压力下加热。

Description

本发明涉及用基本上包括一氧化碳和氢气以及甲烷的气体混合物生产一氧化碳和氢气的方法，其中气体混合物原料在第一塔中用液态甲烷洗涤而得气态氢和洗涤液，在第二塔中从洗涤液中分出溶于其中的氢气并在第三塔中蒸馏分离洗涤液而在该塔顶产出一氧化碳。
在该已知方法中，为使整个装置仅用一台压缩机，从第三塔抽出气态一氧化碳并用作循环气以为三座塔供热和/或冷。
这样采用一氧化碳开式循环的缺点如下：
一方面，一氧化碳压缩时呈现某些困难，因为压缩过程中可能出现化学反应而使一氧化碳分子分解成某些化合物（碳，二氧化碳……），这会导致分离和压缩装置的可靠性，
另一方面，应用一氧化碳循环会使装置中存在大量液态和气态一氧化碳，而这又是事故的隐患。
本发明中，尽管整个装置也仅用一台压缩机，但意在克服上述缺点，即排除气态一氧化碳压缩带来的危险并降低装置中积存大量气态和液态一氧化碳而带来的潜在危险性。
因此，本发明目的是提出上述方法，其特征是，每塔借助闭式制冷循环加热和/或冷却，生成的一氧化碳以液态从第三塔抽出后用泵加压至应用压力并在该应用压力下加热。
冷却循环可为例如氮气循环。
本发明另一目的是提供能应用该法的装置，其中包括底部装有气体混合物入口和顶部装有液态甲烷入口的第一塔;底部装有蒸发器和顶部装有与第一塔底相连的液体入口的第二塔;底部装有蒸发器和顶部装有回流装置及一氧化碳抽出装置并在中间点装有与第二塔底部相连的入口的第三塔以及保证该三塔加热和/或冷却的制冷循环，其特征是，制冷循环为闭式循环，一氧化碳抽出装置为与泵吸入侧相连的液体抽出装置，并且该装置还包括将该泵传送的流体加热的装置。
以下参考附图说明本发明实施例。
唯一的附图为本发明生产一氧化碳和氢气的装置示意图。
图中所示装置旨在加压生产气态一氧化碳（CO）和加压生产气态氢气，原料用的是基本上包括一氧化碳，氢气和甲烷的气体混合物，可以为重整气或烃部分氧化气，已预先干燥并脱碳，一般含少量重质杂质CxHy和比CO轻的杂质，如氮气和氩气。
该装置基本上包括第一塔或洗涤塔1，第二塔2，第三塔或蒸馏塔3，与流体逆流间接和循环型换热器4，泵5和制冷循环6，后者包括压缩机7，膨胀涡轮8，膨胀阀9和相分离器10。
为保证三塔1-3用制冷循环6加热和/或冷却，塔1中间位置包括冷凝器11，塔2底部包括蒸发器12，而塔3底部包括蒸发器13且顶部包括冷凝器14。
从塔1底部在约15-40绝对巴压力下经管道15送入的气体混合物原料在该塔中用经塔顶管道16送入的液态甲烷洗涤，其中用冷凝器11保证瞬时制冷。
受压产物氢气流从塔1顶经管道17抽出，而基本上由一氧化碳，甲烷和氢气组成的塔底液经设有膨胀阀18A的管道18送到塔2顶部。塔2底部用蒸发器12加热，该塔中在于约5-10巴压力下溶解氢气与液体分离后从塔顶经管道19抽出。
基本上由甲烷和一氧化碳组成的塔2底部液体经设有膨胀阀20A的管道20送到塔3中部。塔3底部用蒸发器13加热，而顶部用冷凝器14冷却，塔中在约1-2.5巴压力下蒸馏将液体的两子中成分分开。含重质杂质的液态甲烷从塔3底部经管道21抽出并且含轻质杂质的液态一氧化碳从该塔顶经管道22抽出。
虽然液态甲烷可经设有泵21B的管道21A部分吹出并部分循环进入管道16，然后送入塔1顶部，液态一氧化碳由泵5加压到要求应用压力后于该压力下在换热器4的管道23中加热，从此以气态产品形式经管道24排出。
制冷循环6为封闭氮气循环，即其流体循环为氮气并且与上述流体循环完全分离，详见下述。
循环氮气在高压管道25中由压缩机7压缩，在换热器4的管道26中冷却，然后在蒸发器13和12中冷凝。高压液氮在膨胀阀9中膨胀并在分离器10中分成两相。该分离器中产生的低压气氮经换热器的管道27和28送到压缩机的低压吸入侧，而低压液氮在冷凝器11和14中蒸发，其中生成的气氮也送入管道27。从管道26排出的高压气氮在涡轮8中中压膨胀后在换热器4的管道29中加热并返送到压缩机7的中段。
上述装置能够最大限度地降低例如因分离器10中以液态积存并常用作贮冷剂的循环流体由氮气组成而在装置中存留的一氧化碳量。

Claims (4)

1、用基本上包括一氧化碳和氢气以及甲烷的气体混合物生产一氧化碳和氢气的方法，其中气体混合物原料在第一塔中用液态甲烷洗涤而得气态氢和洗涤液，在第二塔中从洗涤液中分出溶于其中的氢气并在第三塔中蒸馏分离洗涤液而在该塔顶产出一氧化碳，其特征是，每塔借助闭式制冷循环加热和/或冷却，生成的一氧化碳以液态从第三塔抽出后用泵加压至应用压力并在该应用压力下加热。
2、权利要求1的方法，其特征是制冷循环为氮气循环。
3、用基本上包括一氧化碳和氢气以及甲烷的气体混合物生产一氧化碳和氢气的装置，其特征是其中包括底部装有气体混合物入口和顶部装有液态甲烷入口的第一塔;底部装有蒸发器和顶部装有与第一塔底相连的液体入口的第二塔;底部装有蒸发器和顶部装有回流装置及一氧化碳抽出装置并在中间点装有与第二塔底部相连的入口的第三塔以及保证该三塔加热和/或冷却的制冷循环，其特征是，制冷循环为闭式循环，一氧化碳抽出装置为与泵吸入侧相连的液体抽出装置，并且该装置还包括将该泵传送的流体加热的装置。
4、权利要求3的装置，其特征是制冷循环为氮气循环。
CN92110388A 1991-09-11 1992-09-10 一氧化碳和氢气生产方法和装置 Expired - Lifetime CN1064124C (zh)

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