CN107041970B - 一种高无机组分的复合型骨水泥及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种高无机组分的复合型骨水泥及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高无机组分的复合型骨水泥,包括固相组分和液相组分,所述固相组分由经P(MMA‑co‑MPS)表面修饰的羟基磷灰石、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、β‑磷酸三钙和过氧化苯甲酰组成,所述液相组分由甲基丙烯酸甲酯和对苯二甲酸二甲酯组成;所述复合型骨水泥的固体组分和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的质量体积比为1:(2.5~3.5);所述经P(MMA‑co‑MPS)表面修饰的羟基磷灰石和β‑磷酸三钙的量之和占固相组分的35~40%。本发明将磷酸三钙(β‑TCP)与经p(MMA‑co‑MPS)修饰的纳米羟基磷灰石复合,同时调节恰当的p(MMA‑co‑MPS)对羟基磷灰石的修饰度,保证了原材料机械性能的同时,增加了其材料的生物活性,同时材料的降解速度合适,是一种力学性能和生物性能均优异的复合型骨水泥。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医用材料技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种高无机组分的复合型骨水泥及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)骨水泥因具有良好生物力学特性与快速成型等优点,被广泛应用于髋关节置换等手术中。但也存在如下缺点:其一,自凝聚合过程当中放出大量热量,容易引起周围组织发生炎症反应,导致植入材料与宿主骨间发生松动。其二,PMMA属惰性材料,无生物活性。其三,很难降解。
针对以上缺点,申请人前期已探究了经p(MMA-co-MPS)修饰后的纳米羟基磷灰石(n-HA)与PMMA混合后的骨水泥的力学性能和生物性能。n-HA本具有优良的生物活性,经p(MMA-co-MPS)高度修饰的n-HA在混入骨水泥固化成型后被PMMA基体紧密得包裹,孔径大小在数微米及微米以下,不足以使细胞透过。但是,在后期的动物体内实验中发现,上述骨水泥材料在动物体内非常稳定,新骨只存在于PMMA骨水泥周围,也就说明修饰后的纳米羟基磷灰石降解速率更慢。
因此,急需一种解决上述降解和吸收仅发生在骨水泥表面,且吸收速率缓慢的问题,以更适应临床上骨水泥材料的需要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于根据现有技术中的不足,提供了一种复合型骨水泥。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述复合型骨水泥的制备方法。
本发明的再一目的在于提供上述复合型骨水泥的应用。
本发明为解决上述问题,将磷酸三钙(β-TCP)与P(MMA-co-MPS)-nHA复合,既能解决纳米羟基磷灰石吸收过慢的问题,又能进一步促进PMMA骨水泥的生物活性,使其更适应临床需求。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种高无机组分的复合型骨水泥,包括固相组分和液相组分,所述固相组分由经P(MMA-co-MPS)表面修饰的羟基磷灰石、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、β-磷酸三钙和过氧化苯甲酰组成,所述液相组分由甲基丙烯酸甲酯和对苯二甲酸二甲酯组成;所述复合型骨水泥的固体组分和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的质量体积比为1:(2.5~3.5);所述经P(MMA-co-MPS)表面修饰的羟基磷灰石和β-磷酸三钙的量之和占固相组分的35~40%。
优选地,所述经P(MMA-co-MPS)表面修饰的羟基磷灰石的修饰度为0.2~0.5。
优选地,所述复合型骨水泥的固体组分和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的质量体积比为1:3;所述经P(MMA-co-MPS)表面修饰的羟基磷灰石和β-磷酸三钙的量之和占固相组分的40%。
优选地,所述经P(MMA-co-MPS)表面修饰的羟基磷灰石与β-磷酸三钙的质量比为(3~7):(3~7)。
优选地,所述的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的分子量为75万。
优选地,经P(MMA-co-MPS)表面修饰的羟基磷灰石采用如下方法进行制备:
S1.在惰性气体下,将甲基丙烯酸甲酯、偶氮二异丁腈、硅烷偶联剂、链转移剂和四氢呋喃加入容器中,在60~70℃搅拌反应6~8小时,得P(MMA-co-MPS)共聚物;
S2.将S1中所得P(MMA-co-MPS)共聚物加入丙酮溶解,然后加入甲醇溶液,用冰醋酸把PH值调至3.5~4.0,在40~60℃下反应1~3个小时,再加入含有纳米羟基磷灰石的甲醇溶液,调节pH至碱性,将产物干燥后即得。
优选地,所述P(MMA-co-MPS)共聚物与纳米羟基磷灰石的质量比为0.3:1。
首先,本文在保持无机成分占骨水泥粉剂35~40%的基础上,调整了p(MMA-co-MPS)在HA表面的修饰度,从而增加了PMMA骨水泥的生物活性。
其次,HA在体内的降解速率本生就慢,再经修饰后降解速率更慢,不利于细胞透过。因此向骨水泥粉剂中加入β-TCP,增加了骨水泥的生物降解吸收速率,使其与细胞,组织生长速率更匹配。进一步促进了PMMA骨水泥的生物活性。通过对PMMA骨水泥配方的以上调整,其力学性能影响不大,生物活性得到显著增长,使其更适应临床的需求。
本发明提供的P(MMA-co-MPS)可参考之前专利201310545809.8进行制备。
本发明同时提供所述的复合型骨水泥的制备方法,室温下,将骨水泥的固体组分和液体组分按质量体积比混合后搅拌均匀,灌入模具,完全固化后取出样品。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点及有益效果:
本发明为了提高PMMA骨水泥的生物活性,在骨水泥粉剂中添加含量高达40%的无机成分:β-TCP以及经p(MMA-co-MPS)修饰的纳米羟基磷灰石。同时调整了p(MMA-co-MPS)对HA的修饰度,这在保证PMMA骨水泥的力学性能不受影响的情况下,增强了nHA的可吸收性。β-TCP的加入也进一步加强了PMMA骨水泥的生物相容性,从而得到了力学性能和生物性能均优异的(nHA+β-TCP)/PMMA复合型骨水泥。本发明提供的制备方法简单可行,原料易得,适于工业化生产和临床应用。
附图说明
图1为β-TCP的X射线衍射图。
图2为实施例中提供的骨水泥材料力学性能图。
图3为实施例中提供的骨水泥材料的体外细胞毒性测试图。
图4为实施例中提供的骨水泥材料在矿化前后的SEM形貌图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例和附图来进一步说明本发明,但实施例并不对本发明做任何形式的限定。除非特别说明,本发明采用的试剂、方法和设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。
除非特别说明,本发明所用试剂和材料均为市购。
实施例1:原料制备:
1、PMMA的合成:
将0.35g聚乙烯醇(PVA),56mlMMA和0.13g过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)溶解在360ml去离子水中,剧烈搅拌,升温至80℃反应2个小时,然后升温到87℃反应2个小时,最后升温至95℃反应2个小时,得到白色颗粒状产物,水洗2次,酒精洗2次,然后真空干燥。待产物完全干燥后使用球磨仪研磨,研磨后过100目筛子得白色PMMA粉末,干燥保存。
2、P(MMA-co-MPS)的合成:
2.1原料纯化
THF纯化:向四氢呋喃(THF)中加入氢化钙后加热至62℃蒸馏。蒸馏后得到的液体再加入钠钾合金热至62℃蒸馏,得到纯度高的无水THF。
MPS纯化:向硅烷偶联剂KH-570(MPS)加入氢化钙后抽真空并加热至100℃蒸馏。
2.2P(MMA-co-MPS)的合成
P(MMA-co-MPS)通过自由基聚合的方式合成,以使用巯基乙醇(HSCH2CH2OH)为链转移剂。在60mL四氢呋喃(THF),迅速加入25.49g MMA、7.15g MPS、0.12g引发剂AIBN以及0.26g HSCH2CH2OH。氩气保护下,升温至70℃反应6个小时后停止反应得到产物。得到产物用乙醚重沉淀3次,真空干燥后研磨干燥成品得到P(MMA-co-MPS)白色粉末,密封保存。
3、HA的合成以聚乙二醇2000(PEG2000)作为分散剂,再加入分别溶于500ml蒸馏水中的47.2g水合硝酸钙(Ca(NO3)2·4H2O)和13.2g磷酸氢二铵((NH4)2HPO4),超声环境下,将(NH4)2HPO4溶液缓慢滴入(CaNO3)2·4H2O溶液中,同时用氨水调节pH至10,滴加结束后陈化24小时,将产物离心后水洗3次,真空干燥,研磨后得白色HA粉末,密封保存。
4、HA的表面修饰
将1.8g P(MMA-co-MPS)共聚物,加入60mL丙酮中。待溶解完全后加入100mL的90%甲醇溶液,用冰醋酸把PH值调至3.5-4.0,在50℃下反应1.5个小时,使P(MMA-co-MPS)中的硅氧烷完全水解。再加入含有6.0gHA的90%甲醇溶液,使用10%NaOH溶液调节pH至10.0促进缩合反应,反应24小时后停止反应。离心,干燥后用THF清洗粉末三次,干燥后密封保存,得到修饰度为0.3的P(MMA-co-MPS)-nHA。记作0.3-nHA。
5、β-TCP的合成
5.1、合成:采用水热法合成β-TCP。将9.45g硝酸钙(Ca(NO3)2·4H2O)和1.98g磷酸氢二铵((NH4)2HPO4)分别溶于500ml蒸馏水中,再把(NH4)2HPO4溶液缓慢滴加入(CaNO3)2·4H2O溶液中,在40℃下,用氨水调节pH在5.5-6之间,滴定结束之后40℃陈化24小时,水洗3次,酒精洗3次干燥。干燥后再将产品放入马弗炉中950℃煅烧,研磨过100目筛子得白色β-TCP粉末,密封保存。
5.2、β-TCP的表征
X射线衍射:磷酸钙粉末的结构分析使用X射线衍射分析仪(Cu Kα1),电子束能量为36kV,电子速电流为30mA,旋转速率为4°/min,扫描角度为20°-70°,扫描速率为10°/min。
红外分析:使用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)定性分析β-TCP的构成。使用Vertex 70光谱仪(Bruker,德国)采集,扫描范围:4000~400cm-1。
图1为β-TCP的X射线衍射图(XRD),经950℃煅烧后得到的β-TCP衍射峰窄且尖锐,说明其结晶度好。将此图谱与β-TCP的标准图谱进行对照,其三条主峰与标准图谱一致,几乎没有杂峰出现,说明我们制得的β-TCP纯度很高。
实施例2:骨水泥的合成:
室温下,将骨水泥的固体组分和液体组分按质量体积比(W/V)为1:3的比例混合后搅拌均匀,灌入模具,完全固化后取出样品。
其中固相组分中包含PMMA、0.3-nHA、β-TCP、BaSO4、BPO;液相组分中包含MMA、DMT。其中PMMA的分子量约为75万。实施例2~4的原料比例见表1所示:
表1
实施例3:力学性能测试
实施例2中骨水泥的力学性能表征主要选择测试成品的压缩性能。测试方法为:压缩实验骨水泥样品打磨成长12mm,直径6mm的圆柱体。使用万能材料试验机(WD-5A),加载速率为5mm/min。记录样品的应力-形变图,取应力-形变曲线中K值为2%时的应力,将其除以圆柱体的横截面积,即可求得压缩强度。
所有力学性能的测试均参照ISO 5833国际标准进行。
本发明中CaP/HA-PMMA骨水泥的力学性能用压缩强度来表征。从图2可知,掺入无机成分后,CaP/HA-PMMA骨水泥相对纯PMMA骨水泥说压缩强度均有所增加。这是因为经修饰后的nHA均匀分散在PMMA中从而增强了nHA与PMMA的界面性。且随着β-TCP在无机组分中所占比例的增加,CaP/HA-PMMA骨水泥的力学性能有所下降,但整体无明显差异且都达到了临床需求。
实施例4:骨水泥的体外细胞毒性测试
1、样品准备与预处理
制备长5mm,直径6mm的圆柱体骨水泥样品,每组设置5个平行样本。测量并记录每个样品的质量yg,在48孔板中,分别用75%酒精和磷酸缓冲液(PBS)中浸泡1天。
2、浸提液的制备
从上述准备的样品中吸出PBS溶液,使用一定量的DMEM浸泡样品一天。DMEM用量计算公式:y(g)×5(ml/g)=z ml,其中z为DMEM的体积数。
3、MTT测试
在48孔板中接种P4代鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(rBMSCs),每孔2.5万个细胞,加入200μl的培养基孵育24小时后,吸出100μl培养基,每孔加入100μl步骤2中制备的骨水泥浸提液,对照组加入100μl新鲜培养基,分别培养24小时和48小时后,吸出培养基,加入20μl MTT和180μl新鲜培养基,37℃下孵育4小时后,加入200μl DMSO孵育10min后,取出150μl于96孔板中,测试570nm波长下的吸光度(OD)。
本发明用鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(rBMSCs)测试了CaP/HA-PMMA骨水泥的细胞毒性。从图3可知,rBMSCs在CaP/HA-PMMA复合型骨水泥中的成活率均在80%以上。结果说明,CaP/HA-PMMA复合型骨水泥材料无毒副作用。
实施例5:骨水泥的体外矿化实验
1、样品准备与预处理
制备长5mm,直径6mm的圆柱体骨水泥样品,每组设置5个平行样。在48孔板中,分别用75%酒精和磷酸缓冲液(PBS)中浸泡1天。
2、矿化样品制备
在48孔板中,使用SBF浸泡骨水泥样品,取出浸泡0天,7天,14天后的骨水泥样品,用无菌水小心清洗骨水泥表面三次,将干燥后的骨水泥样品表面喷上粗金,使用冷场发射扫描电镜(Quanta400,Philips)观察材料表面矿化情况,并使用能谱仪分析材料表面矿化14天的矿化层钙磷比。
图4为实施例中提供的骨水泥材料在矿化前后的SEM形貌图,结果表明,随着骨水泥浸泡时间的推移,骨水泥表面形成越来越多的沉积层。矿化14天后,小块的磷灰石晶体聚集成更大的团聚物堆积在骨水泥表面。并且随着β-TCP比例的增加,骨水泥表面矿化层更厚。说明β-TCP与nHA均能诱导骨水泥表面生物矿化,且β-TCP比nHA的效果更明显,从而使骨水泥与宿主骨之间有更好的结合力。且14d中3/7-PMMA骨水泥钙磷比值最接近人骨中的钙磷比。因此CaP/HA-PMMA骨水泥可作为一种生物活性材料被应用于人体的骨组织修复。矿化14天的结果表明,CaP/HA-PMMA骨水泥可以诱导类骨磷灰石在表面沉积。这表明骨水泥与宿主骨之间有良好的相容性。本发明提供的CaP/HA-PMMA骨水泥展现了它作为承重骨修复材料被应用于临床上的可能性。
Claims (5)
1.一种高无机组分的复合型骨水泥,其特征在于,包括固相组分和液相组分,所述固相组分由经P(MMA-co-MPS)表面修饰的羟基磷灰石、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、β-磷酸三钙和过氧化苯甲酰组成,所述液相组分由甲基丙烯酸甲酯和对苯二甲酸二甲酯组成;
所述经P(MMA-co-MPS)表面修饰的羟基磷灰石的修饰度为0.3;
所述复合型骨水泥的固相组分和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的质量体积比为1:3;所述经P(MMA-co-MPS)表面修饰的羟基磷灰石和β-磷酸三钙的量之和占固相组分的40%;
所述经P(MMA-co-MPS)表面修饰的羟基磷灰石与β-磷酸三钙的质量比为7:3;所述的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的分子量为75万。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合型骨水泥,其特征在于,经P(MMA-co-MPS)表面修饰的羟基磷灰石采用如下方法进行制备:
S1.在惰性气体下,将甲基丙烯酸甲酯、偶氮二异丁腈、硅烷偶联剂、链转移剂和四氢呋喃加入容器中,在60~70℃搅拌反应6~8小时,得P(MMA-co-MPS)共聚物;
S2.将S1中所得P(MMA-co-MPS)共聚物加入丙酮溶解,然后加入甲醇溶液,用冰醋酸把pH值调至3.5~4.0,在40~60℃下反应1~3个小时,再加入含有纳米羟基磷灰石的甲醇溶液,调节pH至碱性,将产物干燥后即得。
3.根据权利要求2所述的复合型骨水泥,其特征在于,所述P(MMA-co-MPS)共聚物与纳米羟基磷灰石的质量比为0.3:1。
4.一种根据权利要求1所述的复合型骨水泥的制备方法,其特征在于,室温下,将骨水泥的固相组分和液相组分按质量体积比混合后搅拌均匀,灌入模具,完全固化后取出样品。
5.一种根据权利要求1所述的复合型骨水泥在制备骨科植入材料中的应用。
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